CN111691065A - 一种拒水保暖絮片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种拒水保暖絮片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111691065A
CN111691065A CN202010558427.9A CN202010558427A CN111691065A CN 111691065 A CN111691065 A CN 111691065A CN 202010558427 A CN202010558427 A CN 202010558427A CN 111691065 A CN111691065 A CN 111691065A
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张华�
冯新星
李茂辉
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Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种拒水保暖絮片及其制备方法。本发明通过对粗直径纤维进行纳米拒水整理，而细直径纤维不作拒水整理，因为细纤维拒水整理后难梳理，造成梳理困难；然后将拒水整理后的粗直径纤维和细直径纤维按一定比例梳理为絮片，再进行纳米拒水整理即可。本发明采用纤维拒水整理和絮片拒水整理的方式制备，所制备的絮片能够达到较好的拒水效果，同时可以提高絮片的保暖效果。

Description

一种拒水保暖絮片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保暖絮片及其制备方法，具体涉及一种拒水保暖絮片及其制备方法。
背景技术
絮片具有质量轻、保暖性强等优势，是寒冷环境下常用的保暖填充材料。但某些户外场合作业人员，如水下作业人员、部队执勤人员、交通警察、工程抢修人员、环卫工人、户外远动爱好者等，会面临寒湿作业或突发雨雪情况等极端天气的考验。一旦絮片进水，一方面絮片会因大量吸水变重，影响作业人员工作；另一方面，由于水的导热速率是高分子材料的10倍以上，会引起传导散热的迅速增大，从而丧失保暖性，危害作业人员身体健康。因此，拒水保暖絮片成为市场的迫切需求。
目前有两种拒水絮片的制备方法，第一类为对原料纤维进行拒水整理，将拒水纤维加工为絮片，但由于纤维拒水，静电问题严重，加工难度较大；第二类为对絮片整体进行后整理，但进行拒水后整理获得的拒水效果有限，无法达到完全拒水效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种拒水保暖絮片，采用纤维拒水整理和絮片拒水整理的方式制备，所制备的絮片能够达到较好的拒水效果，同时可以提高絮片的保暖效果。
本发明通过对粗直径纤维进行纳米拒水整理，而细直径纤维不作拒水整理；然后将拒水整理后的粗直径纤维和细直径纤维按一定比例梳理为絮片，再进行纳米拒水整理即可。
具体地，本发明提供的拒水保暖絮片的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)采用纤维纳米拒水整理剂对粗直径纤维进行纳米拒水整理得到拒水粗直径纤维；
2)将所述拒水粗直径纤维与细直径纤维梳理成絮片；
3)采用絮片纳米拒水整理剂对所述絮片进行纳米拒水整理，即得到拒水保暖絮片。
上述的制备方法中，所述粗直径纤维的细度大于2dtex，所述细直径纤维的细度小于2dtex；
上述的制备方法中，所述粗直径纤维可为弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维和/或低融点粘结纤维；
所述弹性纤维的细度可为2～3dtex，所述中空涤纶纤维的细度可为3～4dtex或6-7dtex，所述低融点粘结纤维的细度可为3.5～4.5dtex；
所述细直径纤维可为超细涤纶纤维、超细中空涤纶纤维和/或异型中空涤纶纤维；
所述超细涤纶纤维的细度可为0.5～1.0dtex，所述超细中空涤纶纤维的细度可为1.0～1.5dtex，所述异型中空涤纶纤维的细度可为1.5～2.0dtex。
上述的制备方法中，总纤维用量中，所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维15～30％、弹性纤维15％～30％、低熔点粘结纤维15％～20％；所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维5～10％、超细中空涤纶纤维10～15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15～20％；
总纤维用量指的是所述粗直径纤维和所述细直径纤维的总和。
具体地，所述拒水保暖絮片中纤维组成如下：
1)所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维15～25％、弹性纤维15％～20％、低熔点粘结纤维15％～20％；
所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维5～10％、超细中空涤纶纤维10～15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15～20％；
2)所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维25％、弹性纤维15％、低熔点粘结纤维15％；
所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维10％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维20％；
3)所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维25％、弹性纤维20％、低熔点粘结纤维20％；
所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维5％、超细中空涤纶纤维10％、异型中空涤纶纤维20％；
4)所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维15％、弹性纤维30％、低熔点粘结纤维20％；
所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维5％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15％。
上述的制备方法中，步骤1)中，所述纤维纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成如下：
表面拒水改性的纳米粒子2～3％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％～50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
所述纤维纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成具体如下述1)-3)中任一种：
1)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子2％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
2)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子4％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅45％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
3)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子3％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂。
上述的制备方法中，步骤3)中，所述絮片纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成如下：
表面拒水改性的纳米粒子4～6％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％～50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
所述絮片纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成具体可为下述1)-3)中任一种：
1)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子4％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
2)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子6％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅45％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂；
3)表面拒水改性的纳米粒子6％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂。
上述的制备方法中，所述纳米粒子为纳米二氧化硅和/或纳米二氧化钛，粒径可为50～200nm，如50nm、150nm或200nm；
采用硅烷偶联剂对所述纳米粒子进行表面拒水改性，如KH-570硅烷偶联剂，可在常规条件下进行改性；
所述烷基烷氧基有机硅可为丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷或辛基三乙氧基硅烷；
所述脱芳香烃溶剂可为D40、D60或D70。
上述的制备方法中，步骤1)中，所述纳米拒水整理的步骤如下：
将所述粗直径纤维于所述纤维纳米拒水整理剂中浸泡10～25min，然后烘干；
步骤3)中，所述纳米拒水整理的步骤如下：将所述絮片浸渍于所述纳米拒水整理剂中，进行一浸一轧，然后烘干；
所述浸轧的条件如下：
浸泡的时间为20～40min，轧车速度为2～7m/min，轧压为0.3～0.5MPa，轧液率为75～90％。
上述的制备方法中，步骤2)中，按照下述步骤将所述拒水粗直径纤维与所述细直径纤维梳理成絮片：
所述拒水粗直径纤维与所述细直径纤维经开松混合，然后梳理成纤维网，再经铺网后进行热风粘合即得。
本发明提供的制备方法，既解决了纤维拒水整理后静电性大、难梳理的问题，又规避了细纤维拒水整理后纤维粘结，难以开松梳理的缺陷。所制备的拒水保暖絮片不仅拒水性好，而且保暖性高，完全满足水下作业、潮湿环境等极端环境的保暖需求，拒水能力达到3～5级，拒水处理前后保暖絮片的接触角如图1所示。
附图说明
图1为实施例1(左图)和对比例1(右图)制备的保暖絮片的接触角。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中的％均指的是质量百分含量。
下述实施例中所用的纤维如下：
粗直径纤维：弹性纤维2.22dtex、中空涤纶纤维3.33dtex、6.64dtex、低融点粘结纤维4.00dtex；
细直径纤维：超细涤纶纤维0.78dtex、0.89dtex、超细中空涤纶纤维1.20dtex、异型中空涤纶纤维1.67dtex。
实施例1、
1、纤维纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％(相对于二氧化硅的质量百分数)分别对纳米二氧化锌(粒径200nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径200nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌1％、纳米二氧化钛(粒径200nm)1％加入至丙基三甲氧基硅烷40％中，混合均匀，再加入D40溶剂补充余量。
2、粗直径纤维的拒水整理：将弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)、中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)、低融点粘结纤维分别置于纤维纳米拒水整理剂中浸泡20min，烘干得到拒水粗直径纤维。
3、保暖絮片的制备：保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：拒水弹性纤维15％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)15％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)15％、拒水低熔点粘结纤维15％；超细涤纶纤维(0.78dtex)5％、超细涤纶纤维(0.89dtex)5％、超细中空涤纶纤维10％、异型中空涤纶纤维20％；将纤维喂入，开松混合，梳理机梳理为纤维网，之后再经铺网，送入热风粘合，得到保暖絮片。
4、絮片纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％分别对将纳米二氧化锌(粒径200nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径200nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌2％、纳米二氧化钛2％加入至丙基三甲氧基硅烷40％中，混合均匀，再加入D40溶剂补充余量。
5、保暖絮片的拒水后整理：将絮片浸渍于纳米拒水整理剂中，之后进行一浸一轧，浸泡的时间为20min，轧车速度为2m/min，轧压为0.3MPa，轧液率为75％，再在120℃下进行烘干，获得拒水保暖絮片。
实施例2、
1、纤维纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％分别对纳米二氧化锌(粒径150nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径150nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌1％、纳米二氧化钛2％加入至辛基三甲氧基硅烷45％中，混合均匀，再加入D60补充余量.
2、粗直径纤维的拒水整理：将弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维、低融点粘结纤维分别置于纤维纳米拒水整理剂中浸泡20min，烘干得到拒水粗直径纤维。
3、保暖絮片的制备：保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：拒水弹性纤维20％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)12.5％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)12.5％、拒水低熔点粘结纤维20％；超细涤纶纤维(0.78dtex)2.5％、超细涤纶纤维(0.89dtex)2.5％、超细中空涤纶纤维10％、异型中空涤纶纤维20％；将纤维喂入，开松混合，梳理机梳理为纤维网，之后再经铺网，送入热风粘合，得到保暖絮片。
4、絮片纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％对纳米二氧化锌(粒径150nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径150nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌3％、纳米二氧化钛3％加入至辛基三甲氧基硅烷45％中，混合均匀，再加入D60补充余量。
5、保暖絮片的拒水后整理：将絮片浸渍于纳米拒水整理剂中，之后进行二浸二轧两次浸轧条件相同，浸泡的时间为30min，轧车速度为4m/min，轧压为0.4MPa，轧液率为80％，再在120℃下进行烘干，获得拒水保暖絮片。
实施例3、
1、纤维纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％分别对纳米二氧化锌(粒径50nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径50nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌2％、纳米二氧化钛1％加入至辛基三乙氧基硅烷50％中，混合均匀，再加入D70补充余量。
2、粗直径纤维的拒水整理：将弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维、低融点粘结纤维分别置于纤维纳米拒水整理剂中浸泡20min，烘干备用。
3、保暖絮片的制备：保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：拒水弹性纤维30％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)7.5％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)7.5％、拒水低熔点粘结纤维20％；超细涤纶纤维(0.78dtex)2.5％、超细涤纶纤维(0.89dtex)2.5％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15％；将纤维喂入，开松混合，梳理机梳理为纤维网，之后再经铺网，送入热风粘合，得到保暖絮片。
4、絮片纳米拒水整理剂的制备：乙醇溶液中加入KH-570硅烷偶联剂1％分别对纳米二氧化锌(粒径50nm)和纳米二氧化钛(粒径50nm)进行表面拒水改性，烘干磨碎。将经表面拒水改性的纳米二氧化锌3％、纳米二氧化钛3％加入至辛基三乙氧基硅烷50％中，混合均匀，再加入D70补充余量。
5、保暖絮片的拒水后整理：将絮片浸渍于纳米拒水整理剂中，之后进行三浸三轧三次浸轧条件相同，浸泡的时间为40min，轧车速度为7m/min，轧压为0.5MPa，轧液率为90％，再在120℃下进行烘干，获得拒水保暖絮片。
对比例1、不进行拒水整理
保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：弹性纤维30％、中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)7.5％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)7.5％、低熔点粘结纤维20％；超细涤纶纤维5％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15％。将纤维喂入，开松混合，梳理机梳理为纤维网，之后再经铺网，送入热风粘合，得到保暖絮片。
对比例2、对絮片进行拒水整理
保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：弹性纤维30％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex)7.5％、拒水中空涤纶纤维(6.64dtex)7.5％、低熔点粘结纤维20％；超细涤纶纤维(0.78dtex)2.5％、超细涤纶纤维(0.89dtex)2.5％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15％。将纤维喂入，开松混合，梳理机梳理为纤维网，之后再经铺网，送入热风粘合，得到保暖絮片。
将絮片浸渍于纳米拒水整理剂(同实施例3中的整理剂)中，之后进行三浸三轧三次浸轧条件相同，浸泡的时间为40min，轧车速度为7m/min，轧压为0.5MPa，轧液率为90％，再在120℃下进行烘干，获得拒水保暖絮片。
对比例3、对粗直径纤维和细直径纤维分别进行拒水整理
1、粗直径纤维的拒水整理：将弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维(3.33dtex、6.64dtex)、低融点粘结纤维分别置于纤维纳米拒水整理剂(同实施例3中的整理剂)中浸泡20min，烘干备用。
2、细直径纤维的拒水整理：将超细涤纶纤维、超细中空涤纶纤维和异型中空涤纶纤维分别置于纤维纳米拒水整理剂(同实施例3中的整理剂)中浸泡20min，烘干备用。
3、保暖絮片的制备：保暖絮片纤维含量及其质量百分比组成为：弹性纤维30％、中空涤纶纤维15％、拒水低熔点粘结纤维20％；超细涤纶纤维(0.78dtex)2.5％、超细涤纶纤维(0.89dtex)2.5％、超细中空涤纶纤维15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15％；将纤维喂入，开松混合(开松过程中，由于细直径纤维拒水整理后互相粘结，导致部分纤维扯断，部分纤维未完全开松；由于粗直径纤维拒水整理后静电性大，粗纤维在喂棉箱壁积聚，造成粗纤维损失)，梳理机梳理为纤维网(梳理过程中，由于粗直径纤维拒水整理后静电性大，纤维于梳理辊上积聚，需不时停车清理梳理辊间隙)，本例无法进行。
性能测试：分别对上述实施例进行各项性能测试，如保暖性能测试、拒水性能测试，结果见表1。
1、拒水性能测试
(1)拒水等级测试：采用GB/T 4745《纺织品防水性能的检测和评价沾水法》评价性能指标，测试结果见表1。
表1拒水保暖絮片拒水等级
Figure BDA0002545205280000071
实施例1和对比例1制备的保暖絮片的接触角如图1所示。可以看出，经本发明拒水处理后的保暖絮片的拒水能力显著提升。
(2)吸水率测试：称量絮片干重m1，用重物将絮片压入水中10min，取出后采用3000r/min甩干机甩干1min，然后测其重量m2，以公式吸水率＝(m2-m1)/m1*100％，对浸水前后絮片吸水量进行分析，结果见表2，由表中的数据可以看出，实施例3吸水率最低，显著低于对絮片进行拒水整理的吸水率。
表2拒水保暖絮片试验前后重量及吸水率
编号 m<sub>1</sub>，g m<sub>2</sub>，g 吸水率，％
实施例3 4.4122 4.4184 0.14
对比例1 4.7440 16.2344 242.21
对比例2 4.3354 6.5183 50.35
对比例3 —— —— ——
2、保暖性能测试
采用GB/T 11048《纺织品生理舒适性稳态条件下热阻和湿阻的测定》评价热阻，以克罗值表示，测试结果见表3，由表中的数据可以看出，拒水整理后，絮片保暖性能未受影响，并且有所提高。
表3拒水保暖絮片保暖性能
编号 克罗值，clo
实施例3 3.14
对比例1 2.56
对比例2 2.97
对比例3 ——

Claims (10)

1.一种拒水保暖絮片的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)采用纤维纳米拒水整理剂对粗直径纤维进行纳米拒水整理得到拒水粗直径纤维；
2)将所述拒水粗直径纤维与细直径纤维梳理成絮片；
3)采用絮片纳米拒水整理剂对所述絮片进行纳米拒水整理，即得到拒水保暖絮片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述粗直径纤维的细度大于2dtex，所述细直径纤维的细度小于2dtex。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述粗直径纤维为弹性纤维、中空涤纶纤维和/或低融点粘结纤维；
所述细直径纤维为超细涤纶纤维、超细中空涤纶纤维和/或异型中空涤纶纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：总纤维用量中，所述粗直径纤维的质量组成为：中空涤纶纤维15～30％、弹性纤维15％～30％、低熔点粘结纤维15％～20％；所述细直径纤维的质量组成为：超细涤纶纤维5～10％、超细中空涤纶纤维10～15％、异型中空涤纶纤维15～20％；
总纤维用量指的是所述粗直径纤维和所述细直径纤维的总和。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，所述纤维纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成如下：
表面拒水改性的纳米粒子2～3％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％～50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中，所述絮片纳米拒水整理剂的质量百分比组成如下：
表面拒水改性的纳米粒子4～6％；
烷基烷氧基有机硅40％～50％；
余量的脱芳香烃溶剂。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述纳米粒子为纳米二氧化硅和/或纳米二氧化钛，粒径为50～200nm；
采用硅烷偶联剂对所述纳米粒子进行表面拒水改性。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，所述纳米拒水整理的步骤如下：
将所述粗直径纤维于所述纤维纳米拒水整理剂中浸泡10～25min，然后烘干；
步骤3)中，所述纳米拒水整理的步骤如下：将所述絮片浸渍于所述絮片纳米拒水整理剂中，进行浸轧，然后烘干；
所述浸轧的条件如下：
浸泡的时间为20～40min，轧车速度为2～7m/min，轧压为0.3～0.5MPa，轧液率为75～90％。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中，按照下述步骤将所述拒水粗直径纤维与所述细直径纤维梳理成絮片：
所述拒水粗直径纤维与所述细直径纤维经开松混合，然后梳理成纤维网，再经铺网后进行热风粘合即得。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项所述方法制备的拒水保暖絮片。
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