CN108004681B - 一种导电无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种导电无纺布及其制备方法，该导电无纺布由组分材料聚丙烯纤维，海藻纤维，复合水性聚氨酯分散体，甲基氢聚硅氧烷，纳米二氧化钛，纳米铜，硅烷偶联剂，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯，增塑剂，增韧剂制备而成；本发明原料相互作用制备一种导电无纺布，针对性改善目前导电无纺布功能单一，不具备导电性，而且制作工艺复杂，耗材耗时多，制作成本高的问题，本发明导电无纺布具有导电性的特殊效果，可以改变传统的无纺布制备性能问题，同时提高无纺布耐磨性能，质地轻，环保无污染，抗撕拉，结构的特殊性还以有效的避免电流对使用者的伤害；其制备工艺简单合理，可以广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布技术领域，具体涉及一种导电无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或者随机撑列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或者化学等方法加固而成。采用无纺布制成的衣服里料，不会有一丝线头脱落。无纺布突破了传统的纺织原理，并且具有生产工艺流程短、生产速度快、产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点，在日常生产和生活中有广泛的应用。但是随着人们生活水平的提高，对物质需求的要求越来越高，如何赋予已经广泛应用的无纺布材料更优良的性能，成为当今的一个热门话题。
越来越多的研究致力于如何制备性能优异的导电无纺布，从根本上解决现有无纺布存在的导电性差甚至不具备导电、使用受到限制，同时原材料不环保、生产成本高等问题。目前通用的聚丙烯纤维用原料一般为丙烯均聚物，其结晶度高，因此使织物和无纺布的具有较高的强度，但导电性较差，很难满足使用者更多需求。目前多数采用导电填充母料来制备导电无纺布。
中国专利CN201310665576.5公开一种导电无纺布，由顶面层、背面层，及夹装于顶面层与背面层之间的纤维棉层构成，所述的顶面层、背面层采用无纺布材料；所述的无纺布由下列原料通过熔喷法制成：无规共等规聚丙烯、硫酸镁、钛酸钾、聚苯并咪唑、氧化锆、环氧大豆油、硫酸钡、石墨烯、白云石粉、松籽壳、凹凸棒土、苦参、淫羊藿、黄连、助剂。通过在原料中加入石墨烯，使制备的无纺布具有导电性能，但是由于石墨烯价格昂贵，成本较高，而且与其他原料的结合性强度不够，导电性能并不理想，且操作工艺复杂，不易操作。
中国专利CN201611034715.4公开一种石墨烯纤维阻燃导电无纺布及其制备方法，包括浓度为5％的墨烯导电浆、阻燃涤纶短纤维、短切碳纤维、分散剂、导染剂。但是该专利仅是单纯的加入导电浆，结合性和功能性并没有很好的发挥，而且对无纺布整体的结构并没有改观，导电性较差。
中国专利CN201710025191.0红开一种导电-增韧用熔喷复合无纺布的制备方法，以导电母粒和聚合物切片Ⅱ为原料采用熔喷法生产无纺布，利用熔喷法中的高速热空气的牵伸作用实现一维导电纳米填料在纤维内部以及表面的轴向取向。但是该专利并没有从结构上改变导电原理，而且熔喷法制备工艺耗材巨大，成本太大，不适合工业化。
因此，本发明针对以上问题，发明一种具有良好的导电性、环保无污染、生产成本低的导电无纺布，同时生产工艺先进、简单易操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的不足而提供一种导电无纺布，针对性改善目前导电无纺布功能单一，不具备导电性，而且制作工艺复杂，耗材耗时多，制作成本高的问题，本发明导电无纺布具有导电性的特殊效果，可以改变传统的无纺布制备性能问题，同时提高无纺布耐磨性能、质地轻、环保无污染、抗撕拉，结构的特殊性还以有效的避免电流对使用者的伤害；其制备工艺简单合理，可以广泛应用。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取如下的技术方案：一种导电无纺布，导电无纺布包括以下重量份的原料：聚丙烯纤维20份～30份，海藻纤维20份～30份，水性聚氨酯分散体30份～40份，甲基氢聚硅氧烷8份～10份，纳米二氧化钛3份～8份，纳米铜3份～8份，硅烷偶联剂1份～4份，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯1份～6份，增塑剂2份～5份，增韧剂2份～4份；其中，海藻纤维的长度为60nm～100nm；聚丙烯纤维的长度为60nm～100nm；纳米二氧化钛的粒径为30nm～50nm；纳米铜的粒径为30nm～50nm；增塑剂为己二酸二辛酯、环氧化大豆油、己二酸丙二醇聚酯中的任一种或几种；增韧剂为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物中的任一种或两种。
进一步地，导电无纺布由以下重量份的原料组成：聚丙烯纤维22份～26份，海藻纤维22份～26份，水性聚氨酯分散体32份～38份，甲基氢聚硅氧烷8份～9份，纳米二氧化钛4份～6份，纳米铜4份～6份，硅烷偶联剂2份～3份，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯2份～4份，增塑剂2份～3份，增韧剂2份～3份。
进一步地，导电无纺布由以下重量份的原料组成：聚丙烯纤维24份，海藻纤维23份，水性聚氨酯分散体35份，甲基氢聚硅氧烷8份，纳米二氧化钛5份，纳米铜5份，硅烷偶联剂2份，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯3份，增塑剂3份，增韧剂2份。
本发明的另一发明目的，在于提供一种上述导电无纺布的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：在所述重量份的硅烷偶联剂中加入所述重量份的甲基氢聚硅氧烷，再加入所述重量份的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，混合均匀后加入到水性聚氨酯分散体，形成复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
其中，使用水性聚氨酯分散体为基体，为偶联剂、甲基氢基聚硅氧烷、纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜提供一个均匀分散的环境，纳米铜可以形成如同网状的结构，全面覆盖无纺布，实现有效导电；
S20：纤维网制备：称取所述重量份的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、增塑剂和增韧剂，在高速混合机内混合均匀，开松后通过梳理机梳理得到纤维网；
其中，纤维网的成型有助于进一步分散复合水性聚氨酯分散体，对无纺布的结构改善，提高导电性能和韧性；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中得到的纤维网用热压机进行高温热压得到导电无纺布。
进一步地，在步骤S10中，复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备，具体为：
S11：将所述重量份的甲基氢聚硅氧烷加入所述重量份的硅烷偶联剂中，于振荡器中振荡15s～20s；
S12：步骤S11振荡后的溶液进行过滤，并在过滤后的溶液中加入所述重量份的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在65℃～80℃的温度下保温10min～15min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到所述重量份的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体。
进一步地，步骤S10中，硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三硅烷中的任一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤S20中，纤维网制备的过程保持干燥，空气湿度≤30％。
进一步地，步骤S20中，纤维网制备，具体为：
S21：称取所述重量份的海藻纤维和聚丙烯纤维，在高速混合机内混合均匀，得到混合纤维；
S22：将步骤S21得到的混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品；然后经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理、成型纤维网处理：其中，通过两次梳理，可以使得到的纤维网结构更加稳定，强度更好；
S23：在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得的复合水性聚氨酯分散体中，搅拌20min～30min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品；经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网。
其中，A中不加入复合水性聚氨酯分散体的纤维网，与B成型的纤维网共同热轧得到无纺布，通过结构布局的特殊性，无纺布由B热轧的面层侧具有高效导电性，A热轧的面层侧导电性较差，甚至不导电，这就可以满足制成的无纺布具有导电性，而且使用过程中，不导电面层侧向外与人可以直接接触，避免漏电或者其他电流情况对使用人员人身造成伤害。
进一步地，步骤S30中，高温热压的处理温度为：150℃～180℃。
本发明的优点和有益效果是：
1.本发明公开的导电无纺布，选取无纺布常用的聚丙烯纤维，辅助以复合水性聚氨酯分散体增强韧性和弹性，通过添加纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜改善本发明导电无纺布性能，使其具有良好的导电性，同时实用价值高、方便使用，并且具有环保无伤害的效果；
2.本发明中，最大限度地保留原材料成分，提高所制备的导电无纺布在人们生活中的知名度和应用范围，针对性改善目前导电无纺布功能单一，
不具备导电性，而且解决制作工艺复杂，耗材耗时多，制作成本高的问题，本发明导电无纺布具有导电性的特殊效果，可以改变传统的无纺布制备性能问题，同时提高无纺布耐磨性能，质地轻，环保无污染，抗撕拉，其结构的特殊性还以有效的避免电流对使用者的伤害；
3.本发明结合现代先进工艺，制备方法简单、加工成本低、效果显著，所制备的导电无纺布质量好、功能多，能持久保持导电性能，方便、安全使用。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
一种导电无纺布
原料以及配料组成：(单位：g)
聚丙烯纤维200g，海藻纤维200g，复合水性聚氨酯分散体300g，甲基氢聚硅氧烷80g，纳米二氧化钛30g，纳米铜30g，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷10g，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯10g，己二酸二辛酯20g，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物20g。
通过如下方法制备：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将上述重量的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷中，加入上述重量的甲基氢聚硅氧烷于振荡器中振荡15s，振荡后的溶液进行过滤并加入上述重量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在65℃的温度下保温10min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到上述重量的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取上述重量的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、己二酸二辛酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，在高速混合机内混合均匀，得到混合纤维，开松后将S21混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理；在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得复合水性聚氨酯分散体，搅拌20min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中纤维网用热压机进行150℃高温热压得到导电无纺布。
实施例2
一种导电无纺布
原料以及配料组成：(单位：g)
聚丙烯纤维300g，海藻纤维300g，复合水性聚氨酯分散体400g，甲基氢基聚硅氧烷100g，纳米二氧化钛80g，纳米铜80g，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷40g，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯60g，环氧化大豆油50g，甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物40g。
通过如下方法制备：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将上述重量的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷中，加入上述重量的甲基氢基聚硅氧烷于振荡器中振荡20s，振荡后的溶液进行过滤并加入上述重量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在80℃的温度下保温15min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到上述重量的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取上述重量的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、环氧化大豆油和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，在高速混合机内混合均匀，开松后将S21混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理；在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得复合水性聚氨酯分散体，搅拌30min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中纤维网用热压机在180℃的温度下高温热压得到导电无纺布。
实施例3
一种导电无纺布
原料以及配料组成：(单位：g)
聚丙烯纤维220g，海藻纤维220g，复合水性聚氨酯分散体320g，甲基氢基聚硅氧烷80g，纳米二氧化钛40g，纳米铜40g，乙烯基三硅烷20g，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯20g，己二酸丙二醇聚酯20g，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物10g，甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物共聚物10g。
通过如下方法制备：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将上述重量的乙烯基三硅烷中加入上述重量的甲基氢基聚硅氧烷于振荡器中振荡17s，振荡后的溶液进行过滤并加入上述重量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在68℃的温度下保温12min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到上述重量的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取上述重量的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、己二酸丙二醇聚酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物共聚物，在高速混合机内混合均匀，开松后将S21混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理；在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得复合水性聚氨酯分散体，搅拌25min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中纤维网用热压机进行160℃高温热压得到导电无纺布。
实施例4
一种导电无纺布
原料以及配料组成：(单位：g)
聚丙烯纤维260g，海藻纤维260g，复合水性聚氨酯分散体380g，甲基氢基聚硅氧烷90g，纳米二氧化钛60g，纳米铜60g，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷15g，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷15g，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯40g，己二酸二辛酯15g，环氧化大豆油15g，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物30g。
通过如下方法制备：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将上述重量的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷混合，加入上述重量的甲基氢基聚硅氧烷于振荡器中振荡18s，振荡后的溶液进行过滤并加入上述重量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在72℃的温度下保温10min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到上述重量的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取上述重量的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、己二酸二辛酯、环氧化大豆油、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，在高速混合机内混合均匀，开松后将S21混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理；在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得复合水性聚氨酯分散体，搅拌20min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中纤维网用热压机进行170℃高温热压得到导电无纺布。
实施例5
一种导电无纺布
原料以及配料组成：(单位：g)
聚丙烯纤维240g，海藻纤维230g，复合水性聚氨酯分散体350g，甲基氢基聚硅氧烷80g，纳米二氧化钛50g，纳米铜50g，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷10g，乙烯基三硅烷10g，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯30g，环氧化大豆油15g，己二酸丙二醇聚酯15g，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物10g，甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物10g。
通过如下方法制备：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将上述重量的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三硅烷混合，加入上述重量的甲基氢基聚硅氧烷于振荡器中振荡16s，振荡后的溶液进行过滤并加入上述重量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在75℃的温度下保温12min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到上述重量的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取上述重量的海藻纤维、聚丙烯纤维、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、环氧化大豆油、己二酸丙二醇聚酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，在高速混合机内混合均匀，开松后将S21混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理；在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得复合水性聚氨酯分散体，搅拌25min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品，经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中纤维网用热压机进行165℃高温热压得到导电无纺布。
实验例
采用上述实施例1～5制备得到的导电无纺布，用于无纺布基本性能的研究，进一步证实了该导电无纺布的性能：
测试1：将上述实施例1～5中所得导电无纺布和普通市售无纺布进行基本性能检测，实验数据整理后，得到如下表1：
表1本发明导电无纺布和普通无纺布的性能参数对照表
从表1的结果可以看出，采用本发明的导电无纺布弯曲长度和抗弯刚度均优于普通市售无纺布。同时，本发明提供的无纺布具有较好的导电性。另外，本发明导电无纺布的克重与普通无纺布相比差别不大，略轻一些；而且断裂强度和断裂伸长率均优于普通无纺布。可见，本发明的导电无纺布兼具可纺性并能制得高导电性和高强度的优点。此外，本发明提供的导电无纺布亦可以长效抗氧化，可以广泛应用。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种导电无纺布，其特征在于，所述导电无纺布由以下重量份的原料组成：聚丙烯纤维22份～26份，海藻纤维22份～26份，水性聚氨酯分散体32份～38份，甲基氢聚硅氧烷8份～9份，纳米二氧化钛4份～6份，纳米铜4份～6份，硅烷偶联剂2份～3份，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯2份～4份，增塑剂2份～3份，增韧剂2份～3份；其中，所述海藻纤维的长度为60nm～100nm；所述聚丙烯纤维的长度为60nm～100nm；所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为30nm～50nm；所述纳米铜的粒径为30nm～50nm；所述增塑剂为己二酸二辛酯、环氧化大豆油、己二酸丙二醇聚酯中的任一种或几种；所述增韧剂为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物中的任一种或两种；所述的导电无纺布的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
S10：复合水性聚氨酯分散体制备：将所述重量份的甲基氢聚硅氧烷加入所述重量份的硅烷偶联剂中，于振荡器中振荡15s～20s后进行过滤，并在过滤后的溶液中加入所述重量份的纳米二氧化钛和纳米铜，在65℃～80℃的温度下保温10min～15min，搅拌均匀后将其加入到所述重量份的水性聚氨酯分散体中，得到复合水性聚氨酯分散体；
S20：纤维网制备：称取所述重量份的海藻纤维和聚丙烯纤维，在高速混合机内混合均匀，得到混合纤维；然后将混合纤维平均分成A、B两份，其中A份混合纤维通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品；然后经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理、成型纤维网处理，在B份混合纤维中加入步骤S10中所得的复合水性聚氨酯分散体中，搅拌20min～30min，通过梳理机进行第一次梳理、成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网初品；经过叠合改向处理，进行第二次梳理成型纤维网处理，得到纤维网；
S30：导电无纺布制备：将S20中得到的纤维网用热压机进行高温热压得到导电无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导电无纺布，其特征在于，所述导电无纺布由以下重量份的原料组成：聚丙烯纤维24份，海藻纤维23份，水性聚氨酯分散体35份，甲基氢聚硅氧烷8份，纳米二氧化钛5份，纳米铜5份，硅烷偶联剂2份，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯3份，增塑剂3份，增韧剂2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导电无纺布，其特征在于，步骤S10中，所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三硅烷中的任一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导电无纺布，其特征在于，在步骤S20中，所述纤维网制备的过程保持干燥，空气湿度≤30％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的导电无纺布，其特征在于，在步骤S30中，所述高温热压的处理温度为：150℃～180℃。
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