CN108951177A - 一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及的一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法通过将单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管添加到尼龙6(66)与聚乙烯纺丝中，利用溶液共混法制备碳纳米管/尼龙6(66)/低密度聚乙烯复合体系超细纤维，再通过干法涂层工艺，将高固含量的绒面树脂涂层涂布在超细纤维无纺布面层，通过溶剂挥发，在无纺布面层形成致密、均匀的树脂泡孔，再实施含浸、减量、后整理工艺，最终形成表明致密、均匀、生产成本较低并具有较高物理性能的绒面超细纤维合成革。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超细纤维合成革技术领域，尤其是一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法。
背景技术
绒面超细纤维合成革是表面具有天然麂皮绒效果，替代天然麂皮广泛应用于用于鞋类、箱包、服装的人工皮革。传统的绒面超细纤维合成革生产，绒面树脂主要通过湿法含浸的方式进入超细纤维无纺布，然后通过湿法凝固，置换湿法含浸料中的DMF，形成泡孔，再经过减量工序溶解超细纤维中的海组分，烘干定型，通过磨皮和染整工艺的结合，形成表面具有麂皮绒效果的合成革，但由于生产过程中受到纤维物性、树脂稳定性、助剂、凝固条件的影响，以及固含量的限制等因素，都对产品的热、力学性能(如磨皮时“粘纸”)有很大的影响，最终控制不好会导致传统绒面革贝斯物性差、泡孔不够均匀致密、生产成本高的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是解决传统绒面革贝斯物性差、泡孔不够均匀致密、生产成本高的问题，提供一种表明致密、均匀、耐磨耐刮、具有较高物理性能且生产成本较低的绒面超细纤维合成革的生产方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所述的一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法是通过如下步骤来实现的：
1)海岛超细纤维加工
首先将海组分切片和岛组分切片按照重量比1∶1的比例通过纺丝生产工序制成海岛超细纤维，所述海组分切片为聚乙烯切片，岛组分切片为聚酰胺切片；纺丝生产工序包括通过混合熔融纺或者复合纺的方式纺丝，初生的丝条在专用的空调环吹风条件下冷却成形；为了优化丝条的可纺性能和物理性能，对丝条进行上油，并利用牵伸辊的牵伸作用提高丝条内部的高聚物分子的趋向一致性，此时丝条内部结构基本达到要求；然后通过叠丝机、卷曲机并再度上油，输送过程中进行铺丝，在经过松弛热定型机的作用以后，丝条的内部结构、物理性能和丝条的外观形状就达到生产要求并稳定下来；最后丝条再经过导丝架、曳引张力机和切断机以设定的长度把丝条切断，成品丝通过风送管道进入打包机完成包装；
2)非织造布生产
利用开包机将海岛超细纤维放入开松混合机进行开松混合，并添加特定油剂(抗静电剂1％配制液)进行可纺性的优化，然后进入梳理机进行纤维梳理，梳理后的纤维通过喂入装置进入高精度的铺网机铺设成网，厚度和密度高度均匀的纤网以恒定的速度通过针刺机或水刺机，在刺针或水针的作用下纤网内部纤维互相缠结抱和，形成结构和物理性能稳定的非织造布；非织造布通过热定型固定厚度和形状，最终制成定型非织造布；
3)涂布绒面聚氨酯涂层
将高固含量35％-40％的绒面树脂和溶剂混合，并涂布于定型非织造布表面，涂布料渗透进入定型非织造布表层，通过烘箱烘干，烘干的过程中溶剂挥发，形成细密的泡孔层，并固化制得涂层后半成品；
4)涂层后半成品含浸处理
将聚氨酯树脂稀释到一定粘度并注入含浸槽；然后将涂层后半成品通过含浸槽进行含浸轧液；最后对含有浆料的基布实施固化工艺，固化通过溶剂置换或烘干或盐固化等方式使树脂凝固，最终通过含浸工艺制成含浸后半成品；
5)海岛超细纤维碱减量法溶解海组分
将含浸后半成品送入减量槽，槽内装有碱溶液，在碱溶液的作用下，对海组分进行溶解，经过多槽溶解后，用沸水进行清洗，实现超细纤维的开纤制得开纤半成品；
6)绒面超细纤维合成革的成品制造
将开纤半成品进行烘干定型，然后再通过磨皮和染整工艺的组合，形成彩色的具有均匀致密的表面麂皮绒效果，最终制成绒面超细纤维合成革成品。
本发明的积极效果：
本发明所述一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法通过将单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管添加到尼龙6(66)与聚乙烯纺丝中(添加2％的单壁碳纳米管)，利用溶液共混法制备碳纳米管/尼龙6(66)/低密度聚乙烯复合体系超细纤维，再通过干法涂层工艺，将高固含量的绒面树脂涂层涂布在超细纤维无纺布面层，通过溶剂挥发，在无纺布面层形成致密、均匀的树脂泡孔，再实施含浸、减量、后整理工艺，最终形成表明致密、均匀、生产成本较低并具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革。
具体实施方式
图1为海岛超细纤维加工的流程示意图
图2为定型非织造布生产的流程示意图
图3为涂布绒面聚氨酯涂层的流程示意图
图4为涂层后半成品含浸处理的流程示意图
图5为海岛超细纤维碱减量法溶解海组分的流程示意图
图6为绒面超细纤维合成革的成品制造的流程示意图
作为具体的实施案例，一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法是通过如下步骤来实现的：
1)海岛超细纤维加工
首先将海组分切片和岛组分切片按照重量比1∶1的比例通过纺丝生产工序制成海岛超细纤维，所述海组分切片为聚乙烯切片，岛组分切片为聚酰胺切片；纺丝生产工序包括通过混合熔融纺或者复合纺的方式纺丝，初生的丝条在专用的空调环吹风条件下冷却成形；为了优化丝条的可纺性能和物理性能，对丝条进行上油，并利用牵伸辊的牵伸作用提高丝条内部的高聚物分子的趋向一致性，此时丝条内部结构基本达到要求；然后通过叠丝机、卷曲机并再度上油，输送过程中进行铺丝，在经过松弛热定型机的作用以后，丝条的内部结构、物理性能和丝条的外观形状就达到生产要求并稳定下来；最后丝条再经过导丝架、曳引张力机和切断机以设定的长度把丝条切断，成品丝通过风送管道进入打包机完成包装；
2)非织造布生产
利用开包机将海岛超细纤维放入开松混合机进行开松混合，并添加特定油剂(抗静电剂1％配制液)进行可纺性的优化，然后进入梳理机进行纤维梳理，梳理后的纤维通过喂入装置进入高精度的铺网机铺设成网，厚度和密度高度均匀的纤网以恒定的速度通过针刺机或水刺机，在刺针或水针的作用下纤网内部纤维互相缠结抱和，形成结构和物理性能稳定的非织造布；非织造布通过热定型固定厚度和形状，最终制成定型非织造布；
3)涂布绒面聚氨酯涂层
将高固含量35％-40％的绒面树脂和溶剂混合，并涂布于定型非织造布表面，涂布料渗透进入定型非织造布表层，通过烘箱烘干，烘干的过程中溶剂挥发，形成细密的泡孔层，并固化制得涂层后半成品；
4)涂层后半成品含浸处理
将聚氨酯树脂稀释到一定粘度并注入含浸槽；然后将涂层后半成品通过含浸槽进行含浸轧液；最后对含有浆料的基布实施固化工艺，固化通过溶剂置换或烘干或盐固化等方式使树脂凝固，最终通过含浸工艺制成含浸后半成品；
5)海岛超细纤维碱减量法溶解海组分
将含浸后半成品送入减量槽，槽内装有碱溶液，在碱溶液的作用下，对海组分进行溶解，经过多槽溶解后，用沸水进行清洗，实现超细纤维的开纤制得开纤半成品；
6)绒面超细纤维合成革的成品制造
将开纤半成品进行烘干定型，然后再通过磨皮和染整工艺的组合，形成彩色的具有均匀致密的表面麂皮绒效果，最终制成绒面超细纤维合成革成品。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有较高耐刮耐磨性能的绒面超细纤维合成革的加工方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)海岛超细纤维加工
首先将海组分切片和岛组分切片按照重量比1∶1的比例通过纺丝生产工序制成海岛超细纤维，所述海组分切片为聚乙烯切片，岛组分切片为聚酰胺切片；纺丝生产工序包括通过混合熔融纺或者复合纺的方式纺丝，初生的丝条在专用的空调环吹风条件下冷却成形；为了优化丝条的可纺性能和物理性能，对丝条进行上油，并利用牵伸辊的牵伸作用提高丝条内部的高聚物分子的趋向一致性，此时丝条内部结构基本达到要求；然后通过叠丝机、卷曲机并再度上油，输送过程中进行铺丝，在经过松弛热定型机的作用以后，丝条的内部结构、物理性能和丝条的外观形状就达到生产要求并稳定下来；最后丝条再经过导丝架、曳引张力机和切断机以设定的长度把丝条切断，成品丝通过风送管道进入打包机完成包装；
2)非织造布生产
利用开包机将海岛超细纤维放入开松混合机进行开松混合，并添加1％的抗静电剂配制液进行可纺性的优化，然后进入梳理机进行纤维梳理，梳理后的纤维通过喂入装置进入高精度的铺网机铺设成网，厚度和密度高度均匀的纤网以恒定的速度通过针刺机或水刺机，在刺针或水针的作用下纤网内部纤维互相缠结抱和，形成结构和物理性能稳定的非织造布；非织造布通过热定型固定厚度和形状，最终制成定型非织造布；
3)涂布绒面聚氨酯涂层
将高固含量35％-40％的绒面树脂和溶剂混合，并涂布于定型非织造布表面，涂布料渗透进入定型非织造布表层，通过烘箱烘干，烘干的过程中溶剂挥发，形成细密的泡孔层，并固化制得涂层后半成品；
4)涂层后半成品含浸处理
将聚氨酯树脂稀释到一定粘度并注入含浸槽；然后将涂层后半成品通过含浸槽进行含浸轧液；最后对含有浆料的基布实施固化工艺，固化通过溶剂置换或烘干或盐固化等方式使树脂凝固，最终通过含浸工艺制成含浸后半成品；
5)海岛超细纤维碱减量法溶解海组分
将含浸后半成品送入减量槽，槽内装有碱溶液，在碱溶液的作用下，对海组分进行溶解，经过多槽溶解后，用沸水进行清洗，实现超细纤维的开纤制得开纤半成品；
6)绒面超细纤维合成革的成品制造
将开纤半成品进行烘干定型，然后再通过磨皮和染整工艺的组合，形成彩色的具有均匀致密的表面麂皮绒效果，最终制成绒面超细纤维合成革成品。
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