CN1116871A - 电磁操纵阀 - Google Patents

电磁操纵阀 Download PDF

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CN1116871A
CN1116871A CN94190986A CN94190986A CN1116871A CN 1116871 A CN1116871 A CN 1116871A CN 94190986 A CN94190986 A CN 94190986A CN 94190986 A CN94190986 A CN 94190986A CN 1116871 A CN1116871 A CN 1116871A
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valve
wedge
iron core
magnetic tongue
face
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CN1049951C (zh
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弗丁纳德·赖特尔
马丁·迈尔
耶尔格·海泽
诺贝特·凯姆
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/50—Arrangements of springs for valves used in fuel injectors or fuel injection pumps
    • F02M2200/505—Adjusting spring tension by sliding spring seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9038—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9053—Metals
    • F02M2200/9061—Special treatments for modifying the properties of metals used for fuel injection apparatus, e.g. modifying mechanical or electromagnetic properties

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

在现有燃料喷射阀中，易磨损零件例如磁舌和铁芯一般都具有一层含铬、钼或镍的涂层。而这些喷射阀零件上的涂层通过电镀实现，从而获得一个需要的楔形厚度分布，籍此，获得一个较小的碰撞区域。但是，涂层的这种厚度分布是预定的而且是易受影响的。这种新的阀的至少一个零件例如磁舌(27)在涂上一层耐磨涂层前制成楔形面，从而在任何情况下总可获得最佳的磁性能和液压性能。由该楔形形成的环形碰撞段(68)具有一确定的碰撞面宽度或接触宽度，该宽度在整个寿命期中始终保持不变，因为碰撞面因不断工作而造成的磨损不会增大该接触宽度。一种特别适用于火花点火爆炸型内燃机的燃料喷射装置的喷射阀。特性也始终保持不变，不管分配器的轴向位置如何。

Description

电磁操纵阀
现有技术
本发明涉及按独立权利要求前序部分所述的一种电磁操纵阀。已知有多种电磁操纵阀，特别是燃料喷射阀，这些阀的磨损零件上涂有耐磨涂层。
从DE-A2942928已知把耐磨抗磁材料涂层涂在磁舌(armature)和喷嘴体之类磨损零件上。这些涂层用来限止阀针的提升，从而使剩磁对燃料喷射阀的移动零件的影响最小。
从DE-A3230844还已知在燃料喷射阀的磁舌和碰撞面上形成耐磨表面。比方说，这些表面可以镀镍，即形成一涂层，或者氮化，即渗氮而硬化。
此外，从DE-A3716072还已知，对特别容易磨损和腐蚀的喷射阀零件涂上一层薄薄的坚硬的钼涂层，然后可用金刚钻加工。
DE-A3810826叙述了一种燃料喷射阀，其中，至少一个碰撞面设计成球帽形状，以便获得极其精确的空隙，该碰撞面的中央形成一用高强度非磁性材料制成的球体形衬垫。
从EP-A0536773还已知有一种燃料喷射阀，其中，在磁舌的圆周面和环形碰撞面上用电镀涂上一层硬金属涂层。这一铬涂层或镍涂层的厚度为15-25μm。由于用的是电镀，涂层厚度的分布微成楔形，在边缘处为一极窄的较厚涂层。由于是电喷涂层，因此涂层厚度分布实际上是预先确定定的，并易受影响。经过一定工作时间后，碰撞面由于磨损而变宽，从而造成磁舌的拉入时间和释放时间的变动。本发明的优点
具有独立权利要求所述特征的本发明电磁操纵阀相较之下具有如下优点，互相碰撞零件中的至少一个零件的形状做成这样，一旦形成一耐磨表面，就能确保碰撞面即使经过长时间工作也不会因磨损而扩大，从而可动零件的拉入时间和释放时间实际上保持不变。这一点是这样实现的：互相碰撞零件中的至少一个零件在形成耐磨性之前做成楔形表面，这一楔形表面可精确适应种种情况而获得最佳磁性能和液压性能。
从属权利要求所述措施是对电磁操纵阀、特别是独立权利要求中特指的燃料喷射阀的精微化和改进。
用研磨过的平底钻之类的机械装置来加工出至少一个碰撞零件的极其精确的表面形状是特别有利的。这样就可获得极其精确的尺寸。使用精磨过的工具，可获得比先前更窄的制造容差，从而在喷射阀工作时，磁舌的拉入时间、特别是释放时间的变动可很小。
还有一个有利之处是，液压粘接由于磁舌和/或铁芯呈楔形而被完全排除，因为即使涂层总的来说是均匀喷涂的，但无论如何有楔形存在。也即，在至少一个碰撞零件上的涂层只是该零件楔形的一部分。
至少一个零件比方说磁舌的楔形表面还可涂以甚至是非电镀的磁性耐磨涂层，从而无需使用那种仍无法令人满意的很小碰撞区。
一个特别的优点在于下列事实：可用现有工艺，比方说等离子体渗氮或气体渗氮之类的渗氮工艺硬化两互相碰撞零件中的至少一个零件的最靠近另一相对零件的最高区域而使其耐磨。附图的简述
下面详述用附图简示的本发明例示性实施例，附图中：
图1表示一燃料喷射阀；
图2为喷射阀在铁芯和磁舌区中的止挡的放大图；
图3表示本发明楔形磁舌的第一例示性实施例；
图4表示楔形磁舌的第二例示性实施例；
图5表示楔形磁舌的第三例示性实施例。示意式实施例的描述
图1例示的用作火花点火爆炸型内燃机燃料喷射装置的喷射阀的电磁操纵阀有一铁芯2，它的上面套有一励磁线圈1，该铁芯2用作燃料进口座，在这里，它为管状，其外径在整个长度上保持不变。在径向上呈台阶形的一线圈架3上装有励磁线圈1的绕组，与外径不变的铁芯2一起，在励磁线圈1部位形成一特别紧凑的结构。
一与阀纵向轴线10同心的中间金属管零件12依靠比方说焊接而密封地连接在铁芯2的下端9上，它的一部分在轴向上套住铁芯下端9。在轴向上，台阶形线圈架3的一部分与铁芯2重合，而其较大直径的台阶15的至少一部分与中间零件12重合。在线圈架3和中间零件12的下游有一管状阀座架16，它比方说固定地连接到中间零件12上。在阀座架16中有一与阀纵向轴线10同心的纵向孔17。在该纵向孔中装有一管状阀针9，它的下端比方说用焊接连接到一球形阀关闭体21上，该球形阀关闭体21的周面上有比方说5个压扁面22供燃油流过。
喷射阀用电磁装置以现有方式工作。包括励磁线圈1、铁芯2和磁舌27在内的电磁电路用来在轴向上移动阀针19，从而克服复位弹簧25的弹力而打开喷射阀、或者关闭喷射阀。磁舌27用第一焊缝28与阀针19的与阀关闭体21相对的一端相连并与铁芯对齐。在纵向孔17中，在阀座架的位于下游并与铁芯2相对的一端，用焊接密封地装有一圆柱形阀座体29，其中形成一固定阀座。
阀座体29中的导孔32在阀针19随同磁舌27沿着阀纵向轴线作轴向移动时用来引导阀关闭体21。球形阀关闭体21与阀座体29的阀座相互配合，该阀座沿燃料流动方向呈截头圆锥形，阀座体29的与阀关闭体21相对的端面同心而固定地连接到比方说壶形的喷雾孔圆盘34上。喷雾孔圆盘34的底部上有至少一个、也可以是比方说四个喷雾孔39，它们或是腐蚀而成，或是冲出。
阀座体29和壶形喷雾孔圆盘34的插入深度决定着与之相配的阀针19的预定的提升高度。当励磁线圈1不通电时，阀针19一端的位置决定于阀关闭体21在阀座体29的阀座上的支承性抵靠，而当励磁线圈1通电时，阀针19另一端的位置决定于磁舌27在铁芯端面9上的支承性抵靠，即在按本发明成形的区域上的抵靠，该区域在图中特意用一圆圈圈出。
用弹簧钢板卷成的、插入在铁芯2的与阀纵向轴线10同心的燃料流动孔46中的调节套筒48用来调节抵靠在该调节套筒48上的复位弹簧的偏置弹力，而该复位弹簧的另一端抵靠在阀针19上。
喷射阀的上部分套在一塑料模压件50中，该模压件从铁芯2开始，在轴向上一直伸过励磁线圈1而到达阀座架16。该塑料模压件50的组成部分例如电插头52与之模压成一体。
一滤油器61伸入铁芯2的燃料流动孔46的进口端55中，从而确保由于太大而会造成喷射阀堵塞或损坏的燃油成份被滤掉。
在图2中，图1中用一圆圈圈出的阀针19一端区域也即磁舌27与铁芯2端部9发生碰撞的区域以放大图表示。用电镀法把比方说铬或镍涂层的金属涂层65镀到铁芯2的端部9和磁舌27上是大家已知的。此时涂层65既涂到与阀纵向轴线10垂直的端面67上，又至少是涂到磁舌27的一部分圆周面66上。这些涂层65特别耐磨，且以其小表面而减小碰撞面发生液压粘接的可能性，但去无法确保不发生液压粘接。这些涂层65的厚度一般为10-25μm。
喷射阀要能顺利工作，铁芯2和磁舌27必须只在较小区域上发生碰撞，例如只在磁舌27上端面的远离阀纵向轴线10的外端区域发生碰撞。电镀法可用来专门满足这一要求。在电镀中，在待镀零件这里也就是铁心2和磁舌27的边缘处形成一电力线集中区，从而形成图2所示的厚度分布呈楔形的涂层。因此，喷射阀工作时，该楔形涂层65只在一小区域上受力。但是，经不断工作后，碰撞区无法保持不变，因为涂层65部位由于受到上面多次的碰撞而发生磨损，因此碰撞面越来越大，从而楔形越来越小。
与上述情况相对照，图3示出本发明磁舌27在其上端面67区域中的一部分，该端面在镀涂层或形成表面耐磨性之前制出一楔形段73，该楔形段与阀纵向轴线10斜交，从而该磁舌27呈楔形。在图3例示性实施例中，磁舌27的端面67的楔形段73向里倾斜，虽然端面67的楔形段73也可向外倾斜(图4)。磁舌27在端面67部位中的楔形可用比方说经合适研磨的平底钻机械加工而成。
用电喷形成的涂层65的厚度分布实际上是预行确定的并易受影响，而磁舌27的楔形可在涂涂层或形成表面耐磨性以前按照所需数值预先确定并制成，从而在使用中，在任何情况下都可获得最佳的磁性能和液压性能。磁舌27与铁芯2的液压粘接在这里完全被楔形磁舌27排除，因为即使涂层65(包括磁性涂层)总的要说是均匀喷涂的，但在任何情况下都存在有楔形。使用经精磨的平底钻，楔形的制造容差可比以前更窄，从而在喷射阀工作时，磁舌27的拉入时间和释放时间的变动可更小。端面67的倾斜楔形段73还可涂以非电镀的耐磨涂层，且该涂层也可以是磁性的，从而无需使用仍无法令人满意的那种非常小的碰撞面。
此外，端面67，至少在其最高处，可用硬化工艺进行表面处理而做成耐磨的。为此可使用诸如等离子体渗氮或气体渗氮之类的现有渗氮工艺作为该硬化工艺。
在图3的例示性实施例中，从磁舌27的圆周面66开始首先形成端面67的一碰撞段68，该磁撞段垂直于阀纵向轴线沿径向向里伸展一宽度a而用作碰撞面。该碰撞段68在整个寿命期间形成一其宽度a几乎完全保持不变动的环形面。该碰撞面在不断工作时的磨损从而可以精确确定。为了获得最佳的磁性能和液压性能，该楔形段73相对碰撞段68理想的倾斜角度在大于0°而小于等于1°之间。用比方说镍喷涂到端面67上而形成的尽可能小楔形的涂层65只占磁舌27的向里紧接碰撞段68的倾斜楔形段73的一部分倾角。因此在磁舌27的涂层之前形成的楔形段的倾角完全得以保持或增加得最少。
由于与碰撞段68的宽度对应的碰撞面宽度即使发生磨损也保持不变，因此，在整个寿命期中铁芯2与磁舌27碰撞时的接触宽度保持不变，从而铁芯2与磁舌27之间的间隙中的液压比也保持不变，而这是一个特别的优点。如上所述，由于至少是碰撞段68的表面也可用硬化工艺做成耐磨，因此毋需在端面67上另有涂层65。若磁舌27和铁芯2在涂涂层或形成耐磨表面前都在端面67上形成楔形段73，同样可获得这一效果。从而确保获得更高的碰撞可靠性或不发生液压粘接。需要时，当然也可只在铁芯2的端面上形成楔形段，而磁舌27仍保持比方说平直端面。
图4和图5表示按本发明成形的磁舌27的另两个例示性实施例。图4示出一磁舌27，其中，端面67的楔形段67设计成向外倾斜。
图5示出本发明磁舌27的这样一种例示性实施例，其中，端面67只由楔形段73构成。在此例中，至少在径向上包括一小段的碰撞段68被完全取消，而是整个端面67是楔形，也即端面67没有与阀纵向轴线10垂直的区域。特别是在楔形段73的角度非常小时也有一稳定的碰撞面，从而即使不断工作时也保持一确定的碰撞面。除了如图5所示楔形段73向阀纵向轴线10一边倾斜外，也可采用图4所示那种与此类似的例示性实施例，其中，楔形段73朝着离开阀纵向轴线10的方向伸展，即向外倾斜。
由于在迄今为止只是用镀镍或镀铬涂层形成的磁舌27和/或铁芯2的至少一个端面67上现在先有楔形段73存在，因此也可使用如上所述的其它提高性能的工艺来提高端面67的耐磨性。例如，通过使用等离子体渗氮、气体渗氮或渗碳之类的硬化工艺来改变磁舌27和/或铁芯2的表面结构，甚至可以完全取消直接的涂层。

Claims (9)

1、一种电磁操纵阀，特别是一种用于内燃机燃料喷射装置的喷射阀，有一阀纵向轴线、一用铁磁材料制成的铁芯、一励磁线圈和一磁舌，该磁舌推动与固定阀座相互配合的一阀关闭体，并当该励磁线圈通电时受吸引而碰撞铁芯的碰撞面，其特征在于，零件磁舌(27)和铁芯(2)的互相相对的两端面(67)中的至少一个端面上具有至少一个与阀纵向轴线(10)斜交的楔形段(73)。
2、按权利要求1所述的阀，其中，零件磁舌(27)和铁芯(2)的两端面(67)中的至少一个端面分成一碰撞段(68)和至少一个与阀纵向轴线(10)斜交的楔形段(73)，并且所述至少一个碰撞段(68)有一确定的宽度(a)。
3、按权利要求2所述的阀，其中，磁舌(27)和/或铁芯(2)上的所述至少一个楔形段(68)的宽度(a)只占端面(67)的直径的一部分。
4、按权利要求1所述的阀，其中，与阀纵向轴线(10)斜交的所述至少一个楔形段(73)伸展在整个端面(67)上。
5、按权利要求2或4所述的阀，其中，铁芯(2)和/或磁舌(27)上的所述至少一个楔形段(73)朝着阀纵向轴线(10)的方向倾斜。
6、按权利要求2或4所述的阀，其中，铁芯(2)和/或磁舌(7)上的所述至少一个楔形段(73)朝着离开阀纵向轴线的方向倾斜。
7、按权利要求1所述的阀，其中，铁芯(2)和/或磁舌(27)在端面(67)区域涂有涂层。
8、按权利要求7所述的阀，其中，该涂层是磁性的。
9、按权利要求1所述的阀，其中，铁芯(2)和/或磁舌(27)在端面(67)区域用硬化工艺进行处理。
CN94190986A 1993-12-09 1994-11-24 电磁操纵阀 Expired - Lifetime CN1049951C (zh)

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