CN111684889A - Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system - Google Patents

Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111684889A
CN111684889A CN202010700334.5A CN202010700334A CN111684889A CN 111684889 A CN111684889 A CN 111684889A CN 202010700334 A CN202010700334 A CN 202010700334A CN 111684889 A CN111684889 A CN 111684889A
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China
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mountain
soil
planning
engineering
water
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CN202010700334.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何锋
张洪
吴晓松
李江城
黄楚兴
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Yunnan University of Finance and Economics
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Yunnan University of Finance and Economics
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Priority to CN202010700334.5A priority Critical patent/CN111684889A/en
Publication of CN111684889A publication Critical patent/CN111684889A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system, which comprises a comprehensive management mode and technical measures, wherein the comprehensive management mode comprises the following measures: soil preparation planning is carried out on the cave-shaped area of the mountain top; carrying out engineering soil preparation on the bamboo joint trench on the mountain together with the fish scale pit; planning and repairing a terrace for the waist of the mountain; the mountain feet are trimmed to a standard horizontal terrace; and (5) harrowsing of a mountain bottom. According to the plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system, land preparation planning is carried out on cave-shaped areas on the tops of mountains, engineering land preparation is carried out on bamboo joints ditches on the mountains in cooperation with fish scale pits, platform field planning and platform field planning are carried out on the waists of the mountains, standard horizontal terraces are built on the feet of the mountains, and management on gullies at the bottoms of the mountains is carried out, so that the utilization rate of plateau mountains can be comprehensively improved, a forest water inlaying engineering mode combining forest land preparation and water-conservation water-storage soil-conservation engineering is created, the forest water inlaying engineering combining forest industry can be improved, the survival rate of forestation can be improved, and trees can be closed into forests in advance.

Description

Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological management of small watersheds, in particular to a small watersheds ecological management system for plateau mountains.
Background
The loess plateau is unique in the world due to the unique natural environment, long-standing historical culture and extraordinary water and soil governance. The loose of loess and soldier quality, strong wind power, frequent rainstorm and active new structure movement are main reasons for water and soil loss of loess plateau, and people in hundreds of years aggravate the weakness of ecological environment for continuous utilization, transformation and fight for survival, so that the water and soil loss is serious and the economic development is laggard. At present, the development level of socio-economic in China is continuously increased, the speed of urbanization construction is accelerated, and in addition, in recent years, the cultivation and forest returning belief construction is widely implemented, so that the human living environment of loess plateau faces an important development and change period.
The existing planning design of the small watershed of the mountain land is not sufficient, the natural environment is further protected, each inch of land is more reasonably utilized, and the coordinated development of people and nature is not comprehensive. Therefore, the ecological management system for the small watershed of the plateau mountain land is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological management system for small watersheds of plateau mountains.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system, which comprises a comprehensive management mode and technical measures, wherein the comprehensive management mode comprises the following measures:
a. soil preparation planning is carried out on the cave-shaped area of the mountain top;
b. carrying out engineering soil preparation on the bamboo joint trench on the mountain together with the fish scale pit;
c. planning and repairing a terrace for the waist of the mountain;
d. the mountain feet are trimmed to a standard horizontal terrace;
e. harnessing a mountain bottom gully;
the technical measures comprise the following steps:
a. applying an ecological economics principle to construct an ecological agriculture system engineering;
b. the planning and designing precision is improved by applying an advanced scientific and technological means;
c. creating a forest water inlaying engineering mode;
d. fruit tree terrace formation;
e. sealing the mountain and cultivating the forest, and opening the mountain and reserving the tree;
f. the comprehensive treatment and the economic development are synchronous.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a robinia pseudoacacia and sea buckthorn firewood forest is built by carrying out soil preparation planning on the cave-shaped region of the mountain top;
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the land is prepared by matching the bamboo joint moat on the mountain with the scale pit in an engineering way, the planning ratio of the bamboo joint moat to the scale pit is 1:3, and the water is stored for 50m per hectare3Designing and constructing to build timber forests such as Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris, larch, locust and economic forests such as wild apricot;
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the water is stored for 1500m per hectare by planning and repairing the terrace field by the mountain waist with thick soil slope and slow land waist3Designing and constructing, planting trees such as apples, pears, haws, flat apricots, Chinese dates and the like, and constructing dry and fresh orchards; when the mountain waist soil is thin and steep, the horizontal ditch is repaired, and the water is stored for 750m per hectare3Designing and constructing, camping and foresting a belt, planting pasture, constructing an artificial pasture, carrying out economic development and constructing a fruit and pasture commodity production base;
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the mountain foot slope is slow in soil thickness, and the standard horizontal terrace is built for the mountain foot, so that 3000m of water is stored per hectare3Designing and constructing a basic farmland; soil fertilizer is applied to the land and the soil on both sides of the river to build an intensive economic field;
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, by controlling the gully, an upstream check dam, a middle small reservoir dam and an outlet are blocked to construct a farmland; river channels are renovated, river hills and road edges are renovated, road dams are combined with tree edges, the channels are built into a storage and drainage project, and the project is matched to form a complete set, and the water and soil resources of the channels are developed and utilized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system can comprehensively improve the utilization rate of plateau mountains by carrying out land preparation planning on cave-shaped areas on the tops of mountains, carrying out engineering land preparation on bamboo joints ditches on the mountains in cooperation with scale pits, carrying out planning and platform field repairing on mountains, repairing high standard horizontal terraces on mountain feet and managing gullies on the bottoms of mountains, can improve the afforestation survival rate by creating a forest water inlaying engineering mode, can create a forest water inlaying engineering combining the afforestation land preparation of forestry and water conservation water and soil conservation engineering, can improve the afforestation survival rate, can close trees into forests in advance, can greatly increase the annual yield of fruits by adopting 'one tree and one field' for fruit trees, can effectively protect and utilize natural resources and more importantly improve the natural environment by adopting measures of mountain sealing and forest cultivation and mountain opening and tree reservation, quickens the pace of ecological construction.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example (b): the invention relates to a plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system, which comprises a comprehensive management mode and technical measures, wherein the comprehensive management mode comprises the following measures:
a. soil preparation planning is carried out on the cave-shaped area of the mountain top;
b. carrying out engineering soil preparation on the bamboo joint trench on the mountain together with the fish scale pit;
c. planning and repairing a terrace for the waist of the mountain;
d. the mountain feet are trimmed to a standard horizontal terrace;
e. harnessing a mountain bottom gully;
the technical measures comprise the following steps:
a. applying an ecological economics principle to construct an ecological agriculture system engineering;
b. the planning and designing precision is improved by applying an advanced scientific and technological means;
c. creating a forest water inlaying engineering mode;
d. fruit tree terrace formation;
e. sealing the mountain and cultivating the forest, and opening the mountain and reserving the tree;
f. the comprehensive treatment and the economic development are synchronous.
Preparing soil and planning cave areas on the tops of the mountains to build locust trees and sea buckthorn firewood carbon forests;
the engineering soil preparation is carried out by matching the bamboo joint moat on the mountain with the fish scale pits, the planning proportion of the bamboo joint moat to the fish scale pits is 1:3, and 50m water is stored per hectare3Designing and constructing to build timber forests such as Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris, larch, locust and economic forests such as wild apricot;
the water is stored for 1500m per hectare by planning and repairing the terrace field through the mountain waist and the thick soil slope of the mountain waist3Designing and constructing, planting trees such as apples, pears, haws, flat apricots, Chinese dates and the like, and constructing dry and fresh orchards; when the mountain waist soil is thin and steep, the horizontal ditch is repaired, and the water is stored for 750m per hectare3Designing and constructing, camping and foresting a belt, planting pasture, constructing an artificial pasture, carrying out economic development and constructing a fruit and pasture commodity production base;
the soil thickness of the slope of the mountain foot is reduced, and the water is stored for 3000m per hectare by repairing the mountain foot to a standard horizontal terrace3Designing and constructing a basic farmland; soil fertilizer is applied to the land and the soil on both sides of the river to build an intensive economic field;
by controlling gullies, blocking an upstream check dam, blocking a middle small reservoir dam and constructing a farmland at an outlet; river channels are renovated, river hills and road edges are renovated, road dams are combined with tree edges, the channels are built into a storage and drainage project, and the project is matched to form a complete set, and the water and soil resources of the channels are developed and utilized.
Applying the ecological economy principle to construct ecological agriculture system engineering:
the invention fundamentally gets rid of the serious dilemma brought by the ecological crisis to agricultural production and national economy, firstly, the relationship between ecological construction and economic development is defined, the ecological economy principle is applied, the ecological construction and the economic development are organically combined and synchronously carried out, the forest area and the forest coverage rate are improved by building three forestry production bases of timberwood forest, salary carbon forest and economic forest, the ecological environment can be fundamentally changed, the material foundation can be laid for the medium-long term economic development, and the good field benefit can be improved by building a high-standard horizontal terrace and an intensive economic field; a fruit tree production base is built, and a large amount of material resources can be cultivated for economic development;
the planning and designing precision is improved by applying an advanced scientific and technological means:
the quality and level of the water and soil conservation planning design determine the treatment result and benefit, the factors such as soil structure, fertility, productivity and site conditions are comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, a system engineering method and an electronic computer technology are used for carrying out land utilization optimization design, land resources are fully utilized, the land utilization rate and the productivity are improved, various requirements of people in production and life are met, the balance of 'four materials' is realized, the soil erosion is controlled, the population development is controlled within allowable indexes, the principle of minimum investment required by the maximum economic benefit is obtained, and the quantitative precision of the planning design is greatly improved by applying advanced technological means such as a navigation chip, an electronic computer and the like, so that the method is scientific and instructive;
creating an engineering model of' forest water inlaying
In order to overcome the technical problems of low survival rate of afforestation and slow growth of trees, through research experiments, a 'forest water inlaying' project combining forestation land preparation of forestry with water-retaining soil conservation water storage and conservation project is created, and the project mainly has two forms, namely, for barren mountains with the gradient below 25 degrees, a bamboo joint trench is adopted and matched with a scale pit, the proportion of the bamboo joint trench and the scale pit is 1:3, for barren mountains with the gradient above 250 degrees, a scale pit is adopted and matched with a small pit, the proportion of the scale pit and the small pit is 1:1, the two forms are the former water storage and the latter afforestation, the survival rate of afforestation can be improved, and trees can be closed into forests in advance;
fruit tree terrace
The method adopts 'one tree and one field' for fruit trees, namely, the method uniformly realizes the field transformation of the original fruit trees and newly planted fruit trees, and stores water of 1500m per hectare3Designing and constructing, namely blocking and regulating and utilizing natural rainfall on site, so that some orchards start to die and survive, the yield of some orchards is doubled, the purposes of removing harm and benefiting are achieved, a new fruit tree production way combining dry farming and irrigation is explored, and the annual yield of fruits is greatly increased;
sealing the mountain and cultivating the forest, opening the mountain and leaving the tree
In order to restore and establish a good natural forest ecosystem, according to the principle of local conditions, measures of sealing and cultivating the forest and opening the mountain and keeping trees are taken, namely, a special person is set, a region is drawn, standards are set, the responsibility is clarified, a contract is signed, the mountain is opened and firewood is cut once in 3-5 years, the trees are kept according to the row spacing of 2mX2m, and the forest can be completely closed in 5-7 years, so that not only are natural resources effectively protected and utilized, but also the natural environment is improved more importantly, and the ecological construction pace is accelerated;
synchronization of comprehensive treatment and economic development
In order to improve the economic benefit of small watershed comprehensive treatment and accelerate the pace of economic construction, the base construction is taken as the key point, the construction of an economic area is taken as the target, the economic benefit is taken as the target, the comprehensive treatment and the economic development are synchronous, a watershed and a commodity are realized, the watershed and the watershed, the village and the village, and the county are connected in a centralized way to form a 'two-product' production scale, meanwhile, rural enterprises mainly processing mountain and wild fruits are created, the small watershed comprehensive treatment output products are formed into commodities, and the indirect economic benefit is increased.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The ecological management system for the small watershed of the plateau mountain land is characterized by comprising a comprehensive management mode and technical measures, wherein the comprehensive management mode comprises the following measures:
a. soil preparation planning is carried out on the cave-shaped area of the mountain top;
b. carrying out engineering soil preparation on the bamboo joint trench on the mountain together with the fish scale pit;
c. planning and repairing a terrace for the waist of the mountain;
d. the mountain feet are trimmed to a standard horizontal terrace;
e. harnessing a mountain bottom gully;
the technical measures comprise the following steps:
a. applying an ecological economics principle to construct an ecological agriculture system engineering;
b. the planning and designing precision is improved by applying an advanced scientific and technological means;
c. creating a forest water inlaying engineering mode;
d. fruit tree terrace formation;
e. sealing the mountain and cultivating the forest, and opening the mountain and reserving the tree;
f. the comprehensive treatment and the economic development are synchronous.
2. The plateau mountain small watershed ecological management system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acacia and sea buckthorn firewood forest is constructed by land preparation planning of the hill-shaped region of the mountain top.
3. The ecological management system for plateau mountain regions and small watershed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planned proportion of the bamboo joint moat to the fish scale pits is 1:3 by engineering soil preparation of the bamboo joint moat on the mountain together with the fish scale pits, and 50m water is stored per hectare3Designing and constructing to build timber forests such as Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris, larch, locust and economic forests such as wild apricot.
4. The ecological management system for plateau mountain small watershed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water storage amount per hectare is 1500m for the mountain waist with thick soil slope and slow land waist, and the land is planned and repaired for the mountain waist3Designing and constructing, planting trees such as apples, pears, haws, flat apricots, Chinese dates and the like, and constructing dry and fresh orchards; when the mountain waist soil is thin and steep, the horizontal ditch is repaired, and the water is stored for 750m per hectare3Designing and constructing, camping and foresting a belt, planting pasture, constructing an artificial pasture, carrying out economic development and constructing a fruit and pasture commodity production base.
5. The ecological management system for plateau mountain small watershed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mountain foot slope is slow in soil thickness, and the standard horizontal terraced fields are built on the mountain foot slope in a high level according to each hectare3000m of water storage3Designing and constructing a basic farmland; soil fertilizer is applied to the land and the soil on both sides of the river to build an intensive economic field.
6. The ecological management system for plateau mountain small watershed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upstream valley dam, the middle pond dam and the outlet are used for creating farmland through the management of the gullies; river channels are renovated, river hills and road edges are renovated, road dams are combined with tree edges, the channels are built into a storage and drainage project, and the project is matched to form a complete set, and the water and soil resources of the channels are developed and utilized.
CN202010700334.5A 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system Withdrawn CN111684889A (en)

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CN202010700334.5A CN111684889A (en) 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010700334.5A CN111684889A (en) 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Plateau mountain region small watershed ecological management system

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113812295A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-12-21 江西省水利科学院 Vegetation multi-dimensional configuration method for improving ecological function of large-scale orchard in red soil hilly area

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
于晓光: "凌源市小流域综合治理措施", 《东北水利水电》 *
吴凤先等: "凌源县小流域综合治理模式及技术研究", 《水土保持科技情报》 *
王振颖: "辽宁省小流域生态特点与治理模式的探讨", 《水土保持研究》 *
范昊明等: "东北地区土壤侵蚀分异特征与分区治理模式研究", 《水土保持研究》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113812295A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-12-21 江西省水利科学院 Vegetation multi-dimensional configuration method for improving ecological function of large-scale orchard in red soil hilly area
CN113812295B (en) * 2021-08-18 2024-02-02 江西省水利科学院 Vegetation multidimensional configuration method for improving ecological functions of red soil hilly area-scale orchard

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