CN111670797A - Solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method - Google Patents
Solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 64
- 230000010138 bee pollination Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001136816 Bombus <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000256856 Vespidae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003953 Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003040 Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 44
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method which comprises bee colony use, pollination effect inspection and real-time monitoring, wherein the bee colony use comprises introduction time, bee colony number, beehive arrangement, hive entrance state, feeding and temperature requirements. The method has the advantages that the bumblebee can adapt to sunlight greenhouse environments in different seasons, the bumblebee pollination work efficiency is high, the pollination quality is good, the pollination is more uniform, and the tomato fruit setting rate is high; and tracking in the whole process, and finding and remedying the problems in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, the solar greenhouse tomato cultivation is also more and more widely applied to tomato planting. In the solar greenhouse tomato cultivation, artificial pollination is needed to improve the early ripening and yield increase of the tomatoes. However, the fruit setting rate of the traditional artificial pollination method in the solar greenhouse tomato cultivation is low, meanwhile, the pollination process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the yield increase effect is general. At present, worker bees of bumblebees are utilized to pollinate facility tomatoes and improve product yield, and the worker bees are widely applied in many countries and achieve good results.
CN105409757A discloses a facility tomato bumblebee pollination method, which specifically comprises the steps of bumblebee colony preparation, greenhouse management, bee colony configuration, bee colony management and pollination termination management, and is implemented through reasonable facility greenhouse environment regulation and reasonable water and fertilizer management before and during pollination of crops, so that the pollination rate of the obtained tomato is over 90 percent, but the bumblebee pollination technology is only suitable for the facility greenhouse environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃. Due to poor environmental controllability of the sunlight greenhouse, the suitable activity conditions of the bumblebees in different seasons are difficult to meet, that is, the method disclosed by CN105409757A is not suitable for the environmental requirements of the sunlight greenhouse, and the pollination quality of the bumblebees is difficult to ensure when the temperature is lower than 25 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃.
CN109006453A discloses a bumblebee pollination method for facility melons, wherein a bumblebee pollination management method is also disclosed, and correspondingly, steps of bee colony placement, bee colony daily management, field management and the like are disclosed, but in practice, when the limited indoor temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the hidden danger of bee egg cold damage can be caused; the temperature in a limited room exceeds 35 ℃, the hidden danger of hot dead bee eggs easily occurs, the hidden dangers can influence the normal activity of the bumblebees and reduce the working efficiency of the bumblebees, and the prior patent does not relate to the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an efficient and safe solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method, so that the bumblebee can adapt to solar greenhouse environments in different seasons, the bumblebee pollination work efficiency is high, and the purposes of improving bumblebee pollination quality, tomato setting rate, fruit quality and fruit yield are achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of using bee colonies, monitoring in real time and checking pollination effect;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-28 ℃ in low-temperature seasons; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-35 ℃ in high-temperature seasons;
the beehive is placed in the middle of an operation row of the sunlight greenhouse, a soil pit with the depth of 80-100cm is dug, a water vat is placed in the soil pit, the upper edge of the mouth of the water vat is 15-20cm higher than a cultivation ridge, a support with the height of 30-40cm is placed in the water vat, the beehive is placed on the support, the diameter of the mouth of the water vat is not less than 1.5 times of the length of the beehive, and one side of the beehive corresponding to the mouth of a nest is close to the inner side of the water vat;
furthermore, a sun shield is supported right above the soil pit in high-temperature seasons to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the beehive; removing the sun shield in low-temperature seasons, and filling carbonized rice hulls around the bracket;
the bee colony is used, the number of the bee colony is 800-2The pollination area is configured; for cherry tomato, 600-800m is borne according to 1 standard bee colony2The pollination area is configured; the 1 standard bee colony is a bee colony containing 60-80 worker bees;
the swarms are used, and the introduction time of the swarms is that the swarms are introduced when 15% -20% of tomato plants bloom;
the bee colony using method comprises bee colony management, specifically, a honeycomb door is placed in a state that the bee colony can not be fed in any time 16:00-19:00 a day before insecticide spraying, and after all worker bees return to the bee colony, the bee colony is moved out of the room after the honeycomb door is closed; generally, feeding is not required; when sugar liquor is lacked in the beehive, a shallow dish can be placed near the door of the beehive, cane sugar solution with the concentration of 50% -60% is filled in the shallow dish, and the shallow dish is replaced 1 time every 2 days;
the real-time monitoring comprises monitoring a bumblebee activity index, wherein the bumblebee activity index is calculated according to the following formula:
bumblebee activity index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/5Σx
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5-the number of each stage carrying the hornet to home;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bumblebee activity distribution progression;
dividing the number of the homing of the bumblebee carried with the powder in every 20min in sunny days of 9:20-15:00 into stages of the bumblebee activity distribution, wherein the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: not less than 4 bombus;
level 1: 3, bumblebee;
and 2, stage: 2, bumblebee;
and 3, level: 1, bumblebee;
4, level: 0 head of bumblebee;
when the bumblebee activity index is less than 0.050, the bee colony is normal in activity; otherwise, the bee colony is abnormal in activity; when the number of the bumblebee liveness indexes is more than or equal to 0.050 after 3 consecutive days, the bee colony should be replaced in time;
monitoring the bumblebee activity index, namely in a high-temperature season, and selecting a time period with the temperature not higher than 35 ℃ when calculating the bumblebee activity index; in low-temperature seasons, selecting a time period with the temperature not lower than 10 ℃ when the bumblebee activity index is calculated;
the low temperature season is 12 months to 3 months in the next year; the high-temperature season is 5 months to 10 months;
the pollination effect inspection is to put the bee colony into a greenhouse for 3-5 days and randomly check the pollination condition of 60-80 tomato flowers;
the pollination effect inspection and judgment criteria comprise: if more than 60% of the tomato flowers have pollination marks, the pollination is normal; if the pollination mark of less than 60 percent of the tomato flowers indicates abnormal pollination, the reason should be found out in time and corresponding remedial measures should be taken.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination management method, the bumblebee is slightly influenced by temperature change, the activity is high, the bumblebee pollination work efficiency is high, the pollination quality is good, the pollination is more uniform, and the tomato pollination rate reaches 89.6-92.1%;
2. by adopting the solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination management method, the fruit quality can be improved, the fruit quality is good, the yield is high, and the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes reaches 97.9-98.5%;
3. by adopting the solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination management method, the whole process can be tracked, and problems can be found and remedied in time;
the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Method for treating 1 solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method
The tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse are cultivated in 2018 for overwintering, planted 5 days in 11 months and pulled 25 days in 4 months in the next year, the sunlight greenhouse has poor heat preservation, the lowest temperature is 6-10 ℃ in the night in winter, and the greenhouse area is 1900m2The variety is Qindali, big fruit tomato;
the solar greenhouse is divided into two parts, the middle part is isolated by an insect-proof net, and the bumblebee pollination is carried out on one half part by adopting the scheme of the management method of the whole process of the solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination in the embodiment 1 of the invention; the other half was pollinated with the conventional bumble bees of comparative example 1:
example 1: solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method
(1) The bee colony is used:
1. swarm introduction
In 20 days after 12 months, introducing 1 bee colony containing 60 worker bees when 15% of tomato plants start to bloom; the beehive placement position of the bee colony is that a soil pit with the depth of 80cm is dug in the middle of an operation row in the middle of a sunlight greenhouse, a water vat is placed in the soil pit, the upper edge of the mouth of the water vat is 15cm higher than a cultivation ridge, a support with the height of 30cm is placed at the bottom of the mouth of the water vat, the beehive is placed on the support, the diameter of the mouth of the water vat is not smaller than 2 times of the length of the beehive, a nest mouth faces south, one side of the beehive corresponding to the nest mouth is tightly attached to the inner side of the water vat, and;
the water vat is a ceramic vat;
2. swarm management
Chemical pesticide is not sprayed in the sunlight greenhouse, the honeycomb door is normally used and can be placed in and out; placing the honeycomb door in a state that the worker bees can not enter the honeycomb door only 16:00-19:00 a day before insecticide spraying, and after all worker bees return to the honeycomb, closing the honeycomb door and moving the honeycomb door out of the room;
when sugar solution is lacked in the beehive, a shallow dish is placed near the hive entrance of the beehive, cane sugar solution with the concentration of 50 percent is filled in the shallow dish, and the shallow dish is replaced 1 time every 2 days;
3. temperature control
Controlling the appropriate temperature in the greenhouse to be 10-28 ℃; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃ at night, heat preservation measures are taken.
(2) And (3) real-time monitoring:
monitoring the activity condition of the bumblebees every day, and evaluating whether the activity of the bee colony is normal or not according to the bumblebee activity index; arranging an automatic image-taking system at the nest door, and automatically recording and counting the number of the bombus nests in each 20 min;
1 month and 25 days, at 9:20-15:00, the temperature in the greenhouse is 15-28 ℃, the number of the homing of the bumblebee carried with the powder in every 20min is respectively 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 3 and 4, the number of the distribution stages of the activity of the bumblebee is 0, 18, 2, and 0 for other stages, and the calculation is carried out: the bumblebee liveness index is 0.020, and the bee colony is normal in activity in 1 month and 25 days;
the real-time monitoring is carried out, whether the activity of the bee colony is normal or not is judged by the following method:
when the bumblebee activity index is less than 0.050, the bee colony is normal in activity; otherwise, the bee colony is abnormal in activity, and the reason for the bee colony which can not normally act is found out or replaced in time; when the number of the bumblebee liveness indexes is more than or equal to 0.050 after 3 consecutive days, the bee colony should be replaced in time;
the bumblebee liveness index is calculated according to the following formula:
bumblebee activity index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/5Σx
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5-the number of each stage carrying the hornet to home;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bumblebee activity distribution progression;
dividing the number of the homing of the bumblebee carried with the powder in every 20min in sunny days of 9:20-15:00 into stages of the bumblebee activity distribution, wherein the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: not less than 4 bombus;
level 1: 3, bumblebee;
and 2, stage: 2, bumblebee;
and 3, level: 1, bumblebee;
4, level: 0 head of bumble bee.
(3) And (3) checking the pollination effect:
putting the bee colony in a greenhouse for 4 days, 12 months and 24 days, randomly checking the pollination condition of 70 tomato flowers, wherein 89.6% of tomato flowers in the scheme of the embodiment 1 are provided with a pollination mark to indicate that the pollination is normal;
wherein, whether the pollination effect is normal, the judgement standard is as follows:
if more than 60% of the tomato flowers have pollination marks, the pollination is normal; if the pollination mark of less than 60 percent of the tomato flowers indicates abnormal pollination, the reason should be found out in time and corresponding remedial measures should be taken.
After the last panicle flower is set, the tomato fruit setting rate is 98.5 percent;
in summary, with the present embodiments, the bumblebee liveness index is 0.020 for 1 month and 25 days; the pollination rate of the tomatoes is 89.6% in 24 days in 12 months; and finally, the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes is 98.5%, and the yield of the plants is improved.
Comparative example 1: conventional bumblebee pollination is carried out, namely a beehive is placed on a bracket between tomato ridges in the middle of a greenhouse, and the bracket is 30cm away from the ground; compared with the embodiment, the conventional bumblebee pollination has the same parameters except that the positions and the placing modes of the beehives are different;
according to the survey: pollinating by conventional bumble bees, wherein the bumble bee activity index is 0.080 at 25 days in 1 month; the pollination rate is 74.8% in 12 months and 24 days; the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes is 68.2 percent.
When the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, the temperature in the beehive is stable, when the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, the temperature in the beehive can still be kept to be not lower than 15 ℃, the temperature in the beehive is warm and comfortable, and the normal activity of the bumblebees is not influenced. When the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse reaches 15 ℃ or above in the daytime, the bumble bees are taken out of the box to collect the powder; when the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse is lower than 15 ℃, the bumblebee enters the box to keep warm, the normal activity of the bumblebee is not influenced, and the working efficiency is high.
Method for treating 2 management of whole process of pollination of solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee
Over-summer cultivation of tomatoes in a sunlight greenhouse is carried out in 2018, planting is carried out 5 months and 5 days, and seedling pulling is carried out 10 months and 20 days. The sunlight greenhouse has no other cooling equipment except for ventilation and shading net, the maximum temperature is higher than 35 ℃ in summer and sunny days, and the greenhouse area is 1600m2The variety is Lipinna, cherry tomato;
the solar greenhouse is divided into two parts, the middle part is isolated by an insect-proof net, and the bumblebee pollination is carried out on one half part by adopting the scheme of the management method of the whole process of the solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination; the other half was pollinated with the conventional bumble bees of comparative example 2:
example 2: solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method
(1) The bee colony is used:
1. swarm introduction
Introducing 1 bee colony containing 80 worker bees when 20% of tomato plants start to bloom in 6 months and 15 days; the beehive placement position of the bee colony is that a soil pit with the depth of 100cm is dug in the middle of the middle operation row of the sunlight greenhouse, a water vat is placed in the soil pit, the upper edge of the mouth of the water vat is 20cm higher than a cultivation ridge, a support with the height of 40cm is placed in the mouth of the water vat, the beehive is placed on the support, the diameter of the mouth of the water vat is not less than 2 times of the length of the beehive, the mouth of a nest faces south, and one side of the beehive corresponding to the mouth of the nest is close to the; a sun shield is supported right above the soil pit to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the beehive;
2. swarm management
Chemical pesticide is not sprayed in the sunlight greenhouse, the honeycomb door is normally used and can be placed in and out; placing the honeycomb door in a state that the worker bees can not enter the honeycomb door only 16:00-19:00 a day before insecticide spraying, and after all worker bees return to the honeycomb, closing the honeycomb door and moving the honeycomb door out of the room;
when sugar solution is lacked in the beehive, a shallow dish is placed near the hive entrance of the beehive, cane sugar solution with the concentration of 60 percent is filled in the shallow dish, and the shallow dish is replaced 1 time every 2 days;
3. temperature control
Controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-35 ℃; when the temperature of the greenhouse is higher than 35 ℃ in the daytime, cooling measures should be taken.
(2) And (3) real-time monitoring:
and monitoring the activity condition of the bumblebees every day, and evaluating whether the swarm activities are normal or not according to the bumblebee activity index. Arranging an automatic image-taking system at the nest door, and automatically recording and counting the number of the bombus nests in each 20 min;
7, 5 days in 7 months and 5 days at 9:20-15:00, the greenhouse temperature is 12:40-13:20 and is higher than 35 ℃, the greenhouse temperature is 20-35 ℃ in other periods, the homing number of the bombus armoricanus in every 20min is respectively 3, 6, 7, 4, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 5, 7, 5, 4 and 4, the distribution level of the bombus activity is 0 grade 17, 1 grade 2, 2 grade 1 and 0 in other grades, the periods of 12:40-13:20 are removed, and the calculation is carried out: the bumblebee liveness index is 0.022, and the swarms are normally active in 7 months and 5 days;
the real-time monitoring is carried out, whether the activity of the bee colony is normal or not is judged by the following method:
when the bumblebee activity index is less than 0.050, the bee colony is normal in activity; otherwise, the bee colony is abnormal in activity, and the reason for the bee colony which can not normally act is found out or replaced in time; when the number of the bumblebee liveness indexes is more than or equal to 0.050 after 3 consecutive days, the bee colony should be replaced in time;
the bumblebee liveness index is calculated according to the following formula:
bumblebee activity index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/5Σx
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5-the number of each stage carrying the hornet to home;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bumblebee activity distribution progression;
dividing the number of the homing of the bumblebee carried with the powder in every 20min in sunny days of 9:20-15:00 into stages of the bumblebee activity distribution, wherein the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: not less than 4 bombus;
level 1: 3, bumblebee;
and 2, stage: 2, bumblebee;
and 3, level: 1, bumblebee;
4, level: 0 head of bumble bee.
(3) And (3) checking the pollination effect:
putting the swarm into a greenhouse for 3 days and 18 days in 6 months, and randomly checking the pollination condition of 80 tomato flowers, wherein 92.1% of tomato flowers in the scheme of the embodiment have a pollination mark to indicate that the pollination is normal;
wherein, whether the pollination effect is normal, the judgement standard is as follows:
if more than 60% of the tomato flowers have pollination marks, the pollination is normal; if the pollination mark of less than 60 percent of the tomato flowers indicates abnormal pollination, the reason should be found out in time and corresponding remedial measures should be taken.
After the last panicle flower is set, the tomato fruit setting rate is 97.9 percent by adopting the embodiment of the invention.
In summary, with the present embodiments, the bumblebee liveness index at 5 days 7 months was 0.022; the pollination rate is 92.1% in 18 days after 6 months; the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes is 97.9 percent, and the yield of the tomatoes is improved.
Comparative example 2: pollination of bumble bees
The beehive is placed on a bracket between tomato ridges in the middle of the greenhouse, and the bracket is 40cm away from the ground; compared with the conventional bumblebee pollination method, the conventional bumblebee pollination method has the same parameters except that the position and the placing mode of the beehive are different.
According to the survey: pollinating by conventional bumble bees, wherein the bumble bee activity index is 0.067 in 5 days in 7 months; the pollination rate is 78.5% in 6 months and 18 days; the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes is 65.6 percent.
When the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is higher than 35 ℃, the temperature in the beehive is stable, when the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is higher than 35 ℃, the temperature in the beehive can still be kept to be not higher than 32 ℃, the temperature in the beehive is cooled quickly and comfortably, and the normal activity of the bumblebees is not influenced. When the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse reaches 32 ℃ or above, the bumblebee can enter the box to cool the honeycomb; when the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is not higher than 32 ℃, the bumblebee goes out of the box for pollination, and the normal activity of the bumblebee is not influenced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: including swarm usage and real-time monitoring.
2. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bee colony is used, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-28 ℃ in low temperature seasons; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-35 ℃ in high temperature seasons.
3. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bee colony is used, the beehive is placed in the middle of an operation row of the solar greenhouse, a soil pit with the depth of 80-100cm is dug, a water vat is placed in the soil pit, the upper edge of the mouth of the water vat is 15-20cm higher than a cultivation ridge, a bracket with the height of 30-40cm is placed in the water vat, the beehive is placed on the bracket, the diameter of the mouth of the water vat is not less than 1.5 times of the length of the beehive, and one side of the beehive corresponding to the mouth of the beehive is close to the inner side of the water vat.
4. The solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring comprises monitoring a bumblebee activity index, and the bumblebee activity index is calculated according to the following formula:
bumblebee activity index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/5Σx
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5-the number of each stage carrying the hornet to home;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bumblebee activity distribution progression;
dividing the number of the homing of the bumblebee carried with the powder in every 20min in sunny days of 9:20-15:00 into stages of the bumblebee activity distribution, wherein the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: not less than 4 bombus;
level 1: 3, bumblebee;
and 2, stage: 2, bumblebee;
and 3, level: 1, bumblebee;
4, level: 0 head of bumblebee;
when the bumblebee activity index is less than 0.050, the bee colony is normal in activity; otherwise, the bee colony is abnormal in activity; and when the number of the bumblebee liveness indexes is more than or equal to 0.050 after 3 continuous days, the bee colony should be replaced in time.
5. The solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bumblebee activity index is monitored in a high-temperature season, and a time period with the temperature not higher than 35 ℃ is selected when the bumblebee activity index is calculated; in low-temperature seasons, a time period with the temperature not lower than 10 ℃ is selected when the bumblebee activity index is calculated.
6. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bee colony is used, the number of the bee colonies for the big fruit tomatoes is 800-2The pollination area is configured; for cherry tomato, 600-800m is borne according to 1 standard bee colony2The pollination area is configured; the 1 standard bee colony is a bee colony containing 60-80 worker bees.
7. The solar greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bee colony is used, and the introduction time of the bee colony is that the bee colony is introduced when 15% -20% of tomato plants bloom.
8. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the beehive is placed at a position where a sun shield is supported right above the soil pit in high-temperature seasons, so that sunlight is prevented from directly irradiating the beehive; in cold season, the sun shield is removed, and the carbonized rice hulls are filled around the bracket.
9. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claims 2-8, characterized in that: the low temperature season is 12 months to 3 months in the next year; the high temperature season refers to 5 months to 10 months.
10. The solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bee colony is used, the honeycomb door is placed in a state that the worker bees can not enter the bee colony at 16:00-19:00 a day before insecticide spraying, and the worker bees are moved out of the chamber after the worker bees all return to the bee colony.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010450412.0A CN111670797A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010450412.0A CN111670797A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Solar greenhouse tomato bumble bee pollination overall process management method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111670797A (en) |
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2020
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Application publication date: 20200918 |