CN111657043A - Method for accurately delaying period from full-bloom stage to national celebration stage of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in Chinese China - Google Patents
Method for accurately delaying period from full-bloom stage to national celebration stage of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in Chinese China Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accurately delaying the period from a full-bloom stage to a national celebration stage of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica seedling cultivation in a Chinese area, which comprises the steps of firstly treating lagerstroemia indica by a conventional method until the lagerstroemia indica naturally blooms to the full-bloom stage for the first time, and then regulating and controlling the flowering stage of the lagerstroemia indica between the full-bloom stage and the last flowering stage for the first time to bloom for the second time; the full-bloom stage of the two types of lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in the Chinese province is accurately delayed to the national day festival, the second full-bloom stage of the lagerstroemia indica trimmed within 7 months and 30 days is regulated to 10 months and 5 days, and the full-bloom stage is prolonged by 61 days compared with that of a control group; the crape myrtle trimmed in 15 days in 7 months and 30 days in 7 months can achieve the effect of two full-bloom periods in one year, and the landscape value of the crape myrtle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crape myrtle cultivation; in particular to a method for accurately delaying the period from the full-bloom stage to the national day of planting seedlings in a single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica land in the Chinese province.
Background
Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia genus of Lythraceae family, deciduous small trees or shrubs, which are divided into two types of single-stalk Lagerstroemia indica and cluster Lagerstroemia indica, and natural flowering phase in Huazhong region is 6-9 months. As an important summer flower-viewing plant, the crape myrtle has a long cultivation history in China, is strong in resistance and easy to plant, and is widely planted in roads, parks and other fields. The lagerstroemia indica has strong tillering property and is pruning resistant, the flower bud differentiation type is the current year differentiation type, and the lagerstroemia indica can bloom on a new branch when the external environmental conditions meet the flower bud differentiation conditions, and has the capacity of blooming again after pruning in the growth period. Although the lagerstroemia indica is known as the 'whooping red', the lagerstroemia indica is basically not florid in the national festival of the Chinese province.
At present, the regulation and control of the lagerstroemia indica flowering phase mainly takes the short cut in the growing period as the main part, but can only be regulated to the middle of September at the latest, and the demand of the market on the lagerstroemia indica flowering in the national festival cannot be met; lagerstroemia indica florescence regulation and control are performed by taking lagerstroemia indica bonsai as an experimental material, and lagerstroemia indica field planted seedlings comprise seedlings to be transplanted and planted seedlings, and the flowering season regulation and control are less; the existing flowering phase regulation and trimming method is fine and complex, is difficult to popularize in large-scale popularization and application by common greening workers, and increases the flowering phase regulation difficulty of seedlings for crape myrtle engineering and seedlings for maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for accurately delaying the period from the full-bloom stage to the national celebration stage of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in the Chinese area; the method regulates the full-bloom stage of two lagerstroemia indica plants to the national celebration stage, solves the problem that lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in the Chinese area have no flowers in the national celebration stage and are considerable, solves the flowering stage regulation problem of lagerstroemia indica engineering seedlings and maintaining seedlings, prolongs the ornamental time of lagerstroemia indica field seedlings, and improves the ornamental value of lagerstroemia indica field seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for accurately delaying the seedling planting of a single-stem or cluster crape myrtle in the area of Chinese province from the full-bloom stage to the festival period of national celebration, which comprises the following steps of treating crape myrtle by a conventional method until the crape myrtle naturally blooms for the first time to the full-bloom stage, and then regulating and controlling the flowering period of the crape myrtle between the full-bloom stage and the end-bloom stage of the first flowering stage to enable the crape myrtle to bloom for the second time, wherein the flowering period of the crape myrtle comprises the following steps:
1) underground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
If the lagerstroemia indica plants are transplanted engineering seedlings, transplanting with soil balls, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is 6-8 times of the trunk diameter, and when the soil conditions of a transplanting place cannot meet the normal growth requirements of the lagerstroemia indica, adding a matrix to improve the soil (because the larger the transplanted soil balls are, the higher the survival rate is, the 6-8 times are used for ensuring the higher transplanting survival rate in the off-season in summer);
or if the crape myrtle plants are planted maintenance seedlings, performing local annular root cutting treatment on the maintenance seedlings: ditching at the position 6-8 times of the trunk diameter by taking the seedlings for maintenance as circle centers to cut roots of the crape myrtle roots, and then filling ditches with a matrix;
2) overground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
a. The engineering seedlings are treated according to the types of the seedlings by two methods:
when the engineering seedlings are single-stem lagerstroemia indica, carrying out trunk cutting retraction treatment on the single-stem lagerstroemia indica, and retracting to 2.5-3 m away from the ground;
or, when the engineering seedlings are cluster crape myrtle, carrying out severe truncation treatment on the cluster crape myrtle to cut the cluster crape myrtle to 4-6 buds of spring tips (mainly considering the survival rate of out-of-season transplantation in summer and the requirements of height and canopy diameter during planting);
b. the seedlings for maintenance are subjected to severe truncation treatment and cut to 4-6 buds of spring tips (the ornamental value of the seedlings for maintenance is mainly considered, the seedlings for maintenance engineering have certain maintenance indexes, and the crape myrtle cannot be subjected to retraction treatment in the growing period as much as possible);
3) watering:
a. after the overground and underground parts are treated, watering thoroughly in time (watering thoroughly and spraying water to the whole plant to ensure the water requirement of the lagerstroemia indica), watering the whole plant in the early and late seasons in high temperature in summer (ensuring thorough watering), and spraying water to the whole tender shoots in the sprouting period in the early and late seasons to prevent new sprouts from withering;
b. controlling water in the initial flowering stage:
if the plants do not enter the initial flowering period in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, performing water control treatment, reducing the amount of watering from once a day to once in two days, and promoting the lagerstroemia indica to bloom early;
if the plants enter the full-bloom stage in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, the watering amount is increased to three times in two days from one time in one day, and the flowering time of the lagerstroemia indica is prolonged (the water requirement for ensuring the normal growth of the lagerstroemia indica is required for both watering treatments);
4) fertilizing:
irrigating the flower with the root mass fraction of 1-2% in the first 5-7 days on the day of pruning until the lagerstroemia indica flower buds are differentiated again; changing 2% flowers with the mass fraction of 2% from the second flower bud differentiation of the lagerstroemia indica to No. 2 flowers, and increasing the proportion of phosphorus and potassium once in 5-7 days; and (3) adding 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate by mass percentage from the second budding of the lagerstroemia indica, and performing leaf spraying once in 5-7 days to promote the lagerstroemia indica to bloom and prolong the flowering phase.
Further, in the step 1), the matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in a volume ratio of 4: 1: 1, nursery soil, peat soil and sandy soil are mixed, and a slow release fertilizer is also added to the substrate, wherein the dosage of the slow release fertilizer is 1200-1300 g/m3。
Still further, in the step 1), the width of the ditching is 30cm, and the depth of the ditching is 60 cm.
Furthermore, in the step 2), during overground treatment, the height of the middle is ensured to be high and the peripheries are ensured to be low as much as possible, the newly germinated branches are ensured not to shield sunlight mutually, and the tree shape is maintained; meanwhile, pruning shade branches, inward thin and weak branches, overlapped and over-dense branches; and (3) removing dense sprouts in time after pruning for 15 days, and keeping 4-6 sprouts in each direction of each branch (ensuring that the kept branches have sufficient nutrients and space for vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and being beneficial to blooming again).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the full-bloom stage of the two types of lagerstroemia indica field seedlings in the Chinese province is accurately delayed to the national day festival, the second full-bloom stage of the lagerstroemia indica trimmed within 7 months and 30 days is regulated to 10 months and 5 days, and the full-bloom stage is prolonged by 61 days compared with that of a control group; the crape myrtle trimmed in 15 days in 7 months and 30 days in 7 months can achieve the effect of two full-bloom periods in one year, and the landscape value of the crape myrtle is improved; the invention closely combines the characteristics of engineering seedlings and maintenance seedlings, adopts the treatment modes of transplanting and in-situ annular root cutting, has relatively extensive and economic pruning mode, has simple and easy operation of the whole technical scheme, is easy to popularize for greening workers, is suitable for large-scale popularization, and has great economic value and ornamental value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a transplanting process;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of in situ ring root cutting;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the sprouting status after pruning (sprouting 7-10 days after treatment);
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of processing single-stem crape myrtle in a container on a full root-cutting day of 7 months and 15 days,
in the figure, the left side is retracted to 2.5 meters and does not bloom, and the right side is retracted to 3 meters and enters the full-bloom stage;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of transplanting single-stem Lagerstroemia indica during the full-bloom stage at 7-month 15-day, wherein both the retracting strengths enter the full-bloom stage (photographed at 9-month 12-day);
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of ring-shaped root-cutting treatment of single-stem crape myrtle in 7 months and 15 days,
in the figure, both retraction strengths enter the full-bloom stage;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of ring-shaped root-cutting treatment of single-stem Lagerstroemia indica in the sprouting stage within 30 days after 7 months;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of transplanting single-stem lagerstroemia indica in the full-bloom stage, which is photographed in 29 days after 9 months;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of Lagerstroemia indica in full bloom stage,
in the figure, FIG. 9A shows that the single-stem Lagerstroemia indica Linn is subjected to in-situ ring-shaped root cutting treatment in the full bloom stage, the picture is taken in 9 months and 29 days,
FIG. 9B is a graph showing the effect of purple-transplanted clustered banaba in full bloom, taken at 9 months and 29 days.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so as to be understood by those skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a method for accurately delaying the full-bloom period of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field seedlings to the period of national celebration in the Chinese Central area, which comprises the following steps of treating lagerstroemia indica by a conventional method until the first natural blooming period reaches the full-bloom period, and then regulating and controlling the flowering period of the lagerstroemia indica between the full-bloom period and the last flowering period of the first blooming period to enable the lagerstroemia indica to bloom for the second time, wherein the regulating and controlling treatment of the flowering period of the lagerstroemia indica comprises the following steps:
1) underground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
If the lagerstroemia indica plants are the engineering seedlings to be transplanted, transplanting with soil balls, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is 6-8 times of the trunk diameter, and when the soil conditions of the transplanting place cannot meet the normal growth requirements of the lagerstroemia indica, adding a matrix for soil improvement; during planting, the root soil is closely connected, and the soil is covered to the original soil seal;
or, if the crape myrtle plants are maintained for permanent plantingWhen the seedlings are used, the seedlings for maintenance are treated by in-situ annular root cutting: ditching at the position 6-8 times of the trunk diameter by taking the seedlings for maintenance as circle centers to cut roots of the crape myrtle roots, and then filling ditches with a matrix; wherein, the matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in a volume ratio of 4: 1: 1, nursery soil, peat soil and sandy soil are mixed, and a slow release fertilizer is also added to the substrate, wherein the dosage of the slow release fertilizer is 1200-1300 g/m3(ii) a The width of the ditching is 30cm, and the depth is 60 cm;
2) overground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
a. The engineering seedlings are treated according to the types of the seedlings by two methods:
when the engineering seedlings are single-stem lagerstroemia indica, carrying out trunk cutting retraction treatment on the single-stem lagerstroemia indica, and retracting to 2.5-3 m away from the ground;
or, when the engineering seedlings are cluster crape myrtle, carrying out severe truncation treatment on the cluster crape myrtle to cut the cluster crape myrtle to 4-6 buds of spring tips (mainly considering the survival rate of out-of-season transplantation in summer and the requirements of height and canopy diameter during planting);
b. the seedlings for maintenance are subjected to severe truncation treatment and cut to 4-6 buds of spring tips (the ornamental value of the seedlings for maintenance is mainly considered, the seedlings for maintenance engineering have certain maintenance indexes, and the crape myrtle cannot be subjected to retraction treatment in the growing period as much as possible);
during overground treatment, the height of the middle part and the height of the periphery are ensured to be as low as possible, the newly germinated branches are ensured not to shield sunlight mutually, and the tree shape is maintained; meanwhile, pruning shade branches, inward thin and weak branches, overlapped and over-dense branches; dense sprouts are timely removed after 15 days of pruning, 4-6 sprouts are reserved in each direction of each branch, the reserved branches are guaranteed to have sufficient nutrients and space for vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and secondary flowering is facilitated);
3) watering:
a. after the overground and underground parts are treated, watering thoroughly in time (watering thoroughly and spraying water to the whole plant to ensure the water requirement of the lagerstroemia indica), watering the whole plant in the early and late seasons in high temperature in summer (ensuring thorough watering), and spraying water to the whole tender shoots in the sprouting period in the early and late seasons to prevent new sprouts from withering;
b. controlling water in the initial flowering stage:
if the plants do not enter the initial flowering period in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, performing water control treatment, reducing the amount of watering from once a day to once in two days, and promoting the lagerstroemia indica to bloom early;
if the plants enter the full-bloom stage in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, the watering amount is increased to three times in two days from one time in one day, and the flowering time of the lagerstroemia indica is prolonged (the water requirement for ensuring the normal growth of the lagerstroemia indica is required for both watering treatments);
4) fertilizing:
irrigating the flower with the root mass fraction of 1-2% in the first 5-7 days on the day of pruning until the lagerstroemia indica flower buds are differentiated again; changing 2% flowers with the mass fraction of 2% from the second flower bud differentiation of the lagerstroemia indica to No. 2 flowers, and increasing the proportion of phosphorus and potassium once in 5-7 days; and (3) adding 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate by mass percentage from the second budding of the lagerstroemia indica, and performing leaf spraying once in 5-7 days to promote the lagerstroemia indica to bloom and prolong the flowering phase.
According to the actual situation, the method of the invention is combined to process the single-rod lagerstroemia indica or the clustered lagerstroemia indica in Wuhan region, and the prior methods are compared:
TABLE 1 Single-pole Lagerstroemia indica
TABLE 2 clustered Lagerstroemia indica
As can be seen from tables 1 to 2 and FIGS. 1 to 9:
1. effect of treatment time on Secondary flowering time
Comparative examples 1 and 2 were not trimmed for only one full bloom period, about 7 months and 1 day; examples 1-4, 13-14, 19-20, 25 all had two full bloom pruning sessions within 15 days of 7 months, the first session being the same as comparative examples 1 and 2, and the second session lasting about 20 days of 9 months, in the first ten days of 9 months; in the examples 5-8, 15-16, 21-22 and 26, the flowering period is twice after 30 days of 7 months, the first time is the same as that in the comparative examples 1 and 2, and the second time lasts for about 20 days of 9 months and lasts for about 5 days of 10 months, so that the purpose of regulating the flowering period to the national day is achieved; examples 9-12, 17-18, 23-24, and 27 all had only one full bloom stage after 8 months and 15 pruning, and as with comparative examples 1 and 2, there was no additional blooming after pruning.
2. Effect of above-ground and underground treatment on Secondary flowering time
The time of the second full-bloom period of the combination which only carries out the aboveground treatment and does not carry out the underground treatment is earlier than that of the combination which carries out the aboveground and underground treatment simultaneously in the same treatment time, for example, the second full-bloom period of the single-stem crape myrtle which only cuts off the stem and retracts in 7-month and 30-day in example 15 is 9-month and 3-day and lasts to 9-month and 15-day, while the second full-bloom period of the single-stem crape myrtle which cuts off the stem and transplants or carries out the root cutting treatment on the spot in examples 5 and 6 is 9-month and 20-day and 9-month and 25-day and lasts to 10-month and 5-day, thereby achieving.
3. Treatment combination for regulating florescence to national day festival
For the seedlings to be transplanted for the project, the single-stem crape myrtle is subjected to the treatment of trunk cutting retraction and transplantation in 7-month and 30-day (example 5), and the cluster crape myrtle is subjected to the treatment of heavy cutting and transplantation in 7-month and 30-day (example 21); for the field planted seedlings for maintenance, single-stalk crape myrtle and cluster crape myrtle were subjected to severe cutting and in-situ ring-shaped root cutting treatment in 30 days at 7 months (example 8 and example 22).
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for accurately delaying the full-bloom period of seedlings planted in a single-stem or cluster crape myrtle field to the period of national day in the Chinese Central region comprises the steps of treating the crape myrtle by a conventional method until the first natural bloom period reaches the full-bloom period, and then regulating and controlling the flowering period of the crape myrtle between the full-bloom period and the final flowering period of the first flowering period to enable the crape myrtle to bloom for the second time, and is characterized in that: the lagerstroemia indica flowering phase regulation and control treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) underground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
If the lagerstroemia indica plants are the engineering seedlings to be transplanted, transplanting with soil balls, wherein the diameter of the soil balls is 6-8 times of the trunk diameter, and when the soil conditions of the transplanting place cannot meet the normal growth requirements of the lagerstroemia indica, adding a matrix for soil improvement;
or if the crape myrtle plants are planted maintenance seedlings, performing local annular root cutting treatment on the maintenance seedlings: ditching at the position 6-8 times of the trunk diameter by taking the seedlings for maintenance as circle centers to cut roots of the crape myrtle roots, and then filling ditches with a matrix;
2) overground treatment of lagerstroemia indica plants
a. The engineering seedlings are treated according to the types of the seedlings by two methods:
when the engineering seedlings are single-stem lagerstroemia indica, carrying out trunk cutting retraction treatment on the single-stem lagerstroemia indica, and retracting to 2.5-3 m away from the ground;
or, when the engineering seedling is cluster crape myrtle, carrying out severe truncation treatment on the cluster crape myrtle until 4-6 buds of spring shoots are obtained;
b. performing severe truncation treatment on the seedlings for maintenance until the seedlings reach 4-6 buds of spring tips;
3) watering:
a. after the overground part and the underground part are treated, watering the whole plant in the early and late seasons at high temperature in summer, and simultaneously spraying water to the whole tender shoots in the sprouting period in the early and late seasons to prevent the new sprouts from withering;
b. controlling water in the initial flowering stage:
if the plants do not enter the initial flowering period in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, performing water control treatment, reducing the amount of watering from once a day to once in two days, and promoting the lagerstroemia indica to bloom early;
if the plants enter the full-bloom stage in 25 days in 9 months to 28 days in 9 months, increasing the watering amount from one time to three times in two days, increasing the watering amount, and prolonging the flowering time of the crape myrtle;
4) fertilizing:
irrigating the flower with the root mass fraction of 1-2% in the No. 1 flower every 5-7 days on the day of pruning until the lagerstroemia indica undergoes flower bud differentiation again; changing 2% flowers with the mass fraction of 2% from the second flower bud differentiation of the lagerstroemia indica to No. 2 flowers, and increasing the proportion of phosphorus and potassium once in 5-7 days; and (3) adding 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate by mass percentage from the second budding of the lagerstroemia indica, and performing leaf spraying once in 5-7 days to promote the lagerstroemia indica to bloom and prolong the flowering phase.
2. The method for accurately delaying the period from the full-bloom stage to the national day of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field planting seedlings in the Chinese area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in a volume ratio of 4: 1: 1, nursery soil, peat soil and sandy soil are mixed, and a slow release fertilizer is also added to the substrate, wherein the dosage of the slow release fertilizer is 1200-1300 g/m3。
3. The method for accurately delaying the period from the full-bloom stage to the national day of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field planting seedlings in the Chinese area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the width of the ditching is 30cm, and the depth of the ditching is 60 cm.
4. The method for accurately delaying the period from the full-bloom stage to the national day of single-stem or cluster lagerstroemia indica field planting seedlings in the Chinese area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), during overground treatment, the height of the middle is ensured to be high and the periphery is ensured to be low as much as possible, newly-germinated branches are ensured not to shield sunlight mutually, and the tree shape is maintained; meanwhile, pruning shade branches, inward thin and weak branches, overlapped and over-dense branches; after 15 days of pruning, dense sprouts are timely removed, and 4-6 sprouts are left in each direction of each branch.
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