CN111646786B - 一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖及其制备方法。所述制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将微粉面料定点、定位布料,经反打压制成型,制成具有天然仿石纹理的微粉砖坯;(2)将微粉砖坯抛削处理;(3)设计装饰图案,并在抛削处理后的微粉砖坯表面喷墨打印装饰图案;(4)将固定剂根据装饰图案打印在砖坯表面,然后布施干粒,利用固定剂粘附干粒后去除没有被固定的干粒,形成装饰图案上有干粒的效果;(5)再在砖坯表面施耐磨亚光透明釉;(6)将施耐磨亚光透明釉后的砖坯烧成,获得微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷技术领域,特别是涉及一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
微粉抛光砖在抛釉砖、喷墨瓷抛砖等瓷砖产品百花齐放的今天,因图案单一、色彩单调、市场竞争力不断下降等,有逐渐被市场淘汰的趋势。但其独有的布料工艺特性,坯体中特有的高、低温料、各种颗粒形成的立体层次质感,目前抛釉砖、喷墨瓷抛砖等产品还无法兼顾做到。本发明将当前陶瓷砖装饰的喷墨工艺技术,运用到微粉立体布料生产工艺当中,与微粉抛光砖图案、立体层次相结合,以达到逼真的石材效果,花色质感已可与石材媲美。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖及其制备方法,实现瓷质砖独有的立体图案与干粒组合、喷墨图案纹理一致的效果。
第一方面,本发明提供一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将微粉面料定点、定位布料,经反打压制成型,制成具有天然仿石纹理的微粉砖坯;
(2)将微粉砖坯抛削处理;
(3)设计装饰图案,并在抛削处理后的微粉砖坯表面喷墨打印装饰图案;
(4)将固定剂根据装饰图案打印在砖坯表面,然后布施干粒,利用固定剂粘附干粒后去除没有被固定的干粒,形成装饰图案上布干粒的效果;
(5)再在砖坯表面施耐磨亚光透明釉;
(6)将施耐磨亚光透明釉后的砖坯烧成,获得微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。
步骤(4)中,所述“布施干粒”优选为“”整面布施干粒”。
较佳地,步骤(1)中,所述微粉面料包括高温面料和低温面料,其中,高温面料和低温面料的质量比为55:45-65:35,高温面料的烧成温度高于低温面料10-30℃;优选地,所述高温面料的烧成温度为1180-1250℃,所述低温面料的烧成温度为1160~1220℃。
较佳地,所述高温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 69-71.0%,Al2O317.5-19.0%,Fe2O3 0.4-0.5%,TiO2 0.2-0.3%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O2.0-2.5%,Na2O 2.8-3.3%,烧失4.0-4.5%;和/或所述低温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 70-72%,Al2O3 17-18.5%,Fe2O3 0.3-0.4%,TiO2 0.15-0.25%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O 2.8-3.5%,Na2O 3.0-4.0%,烧失3.5-4.0%。
较佳地,步骤(2)中,所述微粉砖坯的抛削深度为0.5-1.0mm。抛削过浅,坯体图案不清晰;抛削过多,坯体易破损,且需要增加面料厚度进而导致成本增加。
较佳地,步骤(4)中,所述干粒由质量占比为30-50%的高温透明干粒和质量占比为50-70%的低温干粒组成,所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度为1180-1220℃,所述低温干粒的烧成温度为1150-1200℃;优选地,所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度高于低温干粒20-50℃。
较佳地,所述高温透明干粒的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 50-53%,Al2O3 14-17%,BaO 2-3%,ZnO 2-4%,CaO 16-18%,MgO 3.0-4.0%,K2O 3.0-4.0%,Na2O4.0-5.0%,烧失0.5-2.0%;和/或所述低温干粒的化学组成包括,以质量百分比计,SiO247-50%,Al2O3 16-19%,BaO 3.0-4.0%,ZnO 4.0-6.0%,CaO 10-14%,MgO 1.5-3%,K2O8-9%,Na2O 1-2%,烧失0.5-2.0%。
较佳地,所述干粒的粒径为60-120目。
较佳地,步骤(5)中,所述耐磨亚光透明釉的比重为1.22-1.26g/cm3,施加量为233-250g/m2。
较佳地,步骤(6)中,所述烧成周期为45~65分钟,最高烧成温度为1180-1210℃。
第二方面,本发明还提供上述任一项制备方法获得的微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。
附图说明
图1为实施例1获得的微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖的砖面效果图;
图2为实施例1获得的微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖磨边后的效果图。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明。各百分含量如无特别说明均指质量百分含量。
以下示例性说明本发明所述微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖的制备方法。
制备微粉面料。所述微粉面料包括高温面料和低温面料。高温面料和低温面料的质量比可为55:45-65:35。主要根据瓷质砖的仿石效果确定高、低温面料的质量比例。通过将高温面料和低温面料的质量比控制在上述范围内,可以获得高仿真效果。
高温面料的烧成温度可高于低温面料10-30℃,这样利于窑炉烧成及砖形控制。如超出该范围,则导致低温面料出现玻璃液相时,高温面料还没达到熔融温度,砖坯易出现变形,严重时会产生大量毛孔及二次变形。另外,所述微粉面料同时使用高、低温两种不同烧成温度的面料配方,以提高图案立体感。低温面料配方中的K2O、Na2O含量高于高温面料配方,低温面料在烧结过程中形成的玻璃相多于高温面料,烧结后透光率高于高温面料,与高温面料对比形成视觉立体感。
一些实施方式中,所述高温面料的化学组成可包括,以质量百分比计:SiO2 69-71.0%,Al2O3 17.5-19.0%,Fe2O3 0.4-0.5%,TiO2 0.2-0.3%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O 2.0-2.5%,Na2O 2.8-3.3%,烧失4.0-4.5%。作为示例,所述高温面料的原料配方可包括:以质量百分比计,长石60-70%,黏土20-30%,高岭土10-20%。所述高温面料的烧成温度可为1180-1250℃。
一些实施方式中,所述低温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 70-72%,Al2O3 17-18.5%,Fe2O3 0.3-0.4%,TiO2 0.15-0.25%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O 2.8-3.5%,Na2O 3.0-4.0%,烧失3.5-4.0%。作为示例,所述低温面料的原料配方可包括:以质量百分比计,长石70-80%,黏土10-20%,高岭土5-10%。另外,所述低温面料的烧成温度可为1160-1220℃。
为了实现更加丰富的微粉装饰效果,上述微粉面料在使用前,可与色料通过湿法混色,以制备得到用于成型的粉料。
将微粉面料成型。可将微粉面料由布料系统定点、定位布料,经压机反打压制成型,制备具有天然仿石纹理的微粉砖坯。本发明的坯体图案是布料系统布料定点、定位布料后经保真格栅拖移到压机模腔,以确保图案完整性,再填充底料压制成型。而正打成型方式则是压机模腔先填充底料,面料经移动料斗移动到压机模腔底料上面移动布料,因此仿石图案效果不佳。一些实施方式中,面料经打磨后,由智能布料系统实现定点、定位、按一定比例布料,经压机反打压制成型,布出类似天然仿石纹理的立体图案。
将微粉砖坯抛削处理。压制成型后的微粉砖坯在抛削前可进行干燥处理。抛削处理的目的在于,在反打微粉布料的过程中,需要采用格栅送料进入压机模腔,而微粉经格栅推送过程中,会引起表面部分微粉料易位,造成砖坯表面图案模糊不清;通过采用抛削设备对干燥坯体表面进行抛削处理,得到清晰的微粉布料图案。抛削深度可为0.5-1.0mm。另外,微粉砖坯的底料、面料(高温面料、低温面料)膨胀系数系优选接近,这样有利于烧成后砖形的控制,避免对砖形产生较大影响。
设计装饰图案。这样可以突出微粉砖坯原有的图案纹理。优选地,根据图案纹理对喷墨图案进行局部镂空设计。选择与坯体图案纹理相似的仿石喷墨图案,把图案处理并分解成N个图层,调整部分图层的局部色彩灰度,使其形成镂空图层。N优选为3-6。一些实施方式中,调整图层的灰度在65-85%之间。图层的灰度越高,则图层显色越浅,微粉砖坯的底色会得到呈现。但是当图层的灰度大于85%时,图层接近于没有颜色,因此使得干粒图案、喷墨图案以及坯体图案过渡较差;而图层的灰度低于65%时,图层透感不明显。通过使得图层的灰度在65-85%之间,不经处理的主(脉络)图层透过镂空图层与微粉坯体的原有图案融合,以实现坯体图案与喷墨图案完美结合。可通过Photoshop软件进行图案处理。值得注意的是,本发明中的“镂空”并非指“在物体上雕刻出穿透物体的花纹或文字”,而是指“通过调整图层灰度,使得图层透感在一定程度内因此喷墨图层与微粉砖坯原有的图案纹理呈现图层的叠加效果,该叠加效果在视觉上呈现为立体的镂空装饰”。
喷墨图案优选采用与坯体图案接近的石材扫描生成,以便于喷墨图案和坯体图案两者结合形成一体。
喷墨打印图案。例如,利用多组喷头的喷墨打印设备,将设计好的装饰喷墨图案打印在抛削后的微粉砖坯上。
根据设计效果,将喷墨图案分解后的镂空图层(即镂空装饰图案)导入智能干粒布料系统并形成图形文件,随后将固定剂(也可以称为“粘结剂”)打印在喷墨打印镂空装饰图案上。粘结剂的施加量根据版面的图案设计效果作适应性变化,可为50~100g/m2。粘结剂的组成不受限制,以起到干粒粘结作用为宜。粘结剂的组成包括:以质量百分比计,分散剂12%,聚丙烯酸脂30%,消泡剂3%,防腐剂3%,流平剂8%,乙二醇6%,羧甲基纤维素钠1%,水35%。
在喷墨打印装饰图案后的砖坯上布洒干粒。例如,采用智能干粒布料系统布洒干粒使其粘附在砖坯表面。所述干粒通过粘结剂粘附在砖坯表面,因而该干粒并非均匀施加在砖坯表面,而是对应粘附在镂空图层位置。加入干粒进行装饰后,干粒与喷墨图案形成凹凸有致风格,使瓷砖表面更加耐磨与防滑。
所述干粒包括高温透明干粒和低温干粒。例如,高温透明干粒与低温干粒的质量配比可为,质量百分比计,高温透明干粒占30-50%,低温干粒占50-70%。若高温透明干粒的质量比低于30%,则易熔融形成平面效果;若高温透明干粒的质量比高于50%,则颗粒感明显,表面粗糙。采用以上干粒比例,低温干粒在高温中熔融后包裹未熔融的高温透明干粒,形成宛如石材中包裹晶体的效果。
一些实施方式中,所述高温透明干粒的化学组成可包括,以质量百分比计,SiO250-53%,Al2O3 14-17%,BaO 2-3%,ZnO 2-4%,CaO 16-18%,MgO 3.0-4.0%,K2O 3.0-4.0%,Na2O 4.0-5.0%,烧失0.5-2.0%。例如,所述高温透明干粒的化学组成可包括,以质量百分比计,SiO2 52%,Al2O3 14%,BaO 2%,ZnO 3%,CaO 17%,MgO 3.6%,K2O 3.1%,Na2O 4.0%,烧失1.3%。所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度可为1150-1200℃。
一些实施方式中,所述低温干粒的化学组成可包括,以质量百分比计,SiO2 47-50%,Al2O3 16-19%,BaO 3.0-4.0%,ZnO 4.0-6.0%,CaO 10-14%,MgO 1.5-3%,K2O 8-9%,Na2O 1-2%,烧失0.5-2.0%。例如,所述低温干粒的化学组成可包括,以质量百分比计,SiO2 48%,Al2O3 18%,BaO 3.5%,ZnO 5%,CaO 12.6%,MgO 1.8%,K2O 9%,Na2O1%,烧失1.1%。所述低温干粒的烧成温度可为1180-1220℃。
所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度可高于低温干粒20-50℃。
干粒的粒径可为60~120目。一些实施方式中,干粒在砖坯表面的施加量为50-100g/m2。
去除没有被固定的干粒。可利用风力吹掉,将没有粘附在砖坯表面的干粒吹走、回收使用。
在布施干粒后的砖坯表面布施耐磨亚光透明釉(也可以称为“保护釉”)。所述施釉方式可为喷釉。例如,用刀型喷釉设备在布施干粒后的砖坯表面喷耐磨亚光透明釉对干粒复合装饰砖进行保护。所述耐磨亚光透明釉的化学组成可包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 55-60%,Al2O3 10-15%,Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%,TiO2 0.1-0.2%,CaO 5-8%,MgO 3-5%,K2O 3-5%,Na2O 3-5%,烧失6.0-8.0%。
耐磨亚光透明釉的工艺参数可为:耐磨亚光透明釉比重1.22~1.26g/cm3,喷釉量233g~250g/m2。这增加产品沙粒的色彩,提升产品的层次感和饱满感,使产品的档次显得更加高端奢华。
烧成。微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖的烧成周期可为45~65分钟。最高烧成温度可为1180-1210℃。
根据“一石多面”的设计效果,在干粒釉产品砖面上进行柔抛或半抛,使得产品表面更加光洁、图案装饰效果更优。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
步骤1.微粉面料湿法混色后制成相应粉料,经打磨后,由智能布料系统实现定点、定位布料,经压机反打压制成型,布出类似天然仿石纹理的立体图案。微粉面料包括高温面料和低温面料,其中,高温面料和低温面料的质量比为55:45-65:35。所述高温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计:SiO2 70.4%,Al2O3 18.5%,Fe2O3 0.4%,TiO2 0.2%,CaO0.5%,MgO 0.3%,K2O 2.5%,Na2O 3.0%,烧失4.2%。所述低温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 70.6%,Al2O3 18.2%,Fe2O3 0.3%,TiO2 0.15%,CaO 0.5%,MgO0.3%,K2O 2.8%,Na2O 3.5%,烧失3.65%。
步骤2.砖坯干燥后,采用抛削设备直行进行表面抛削处理,抛削深度0.8mm,得到清晰的微粉布料图案。
步骤3.在抛削后的砖坯表面运用多通道的3D立体喷墨打印技术打印镂空装饰图案进行镂空的喷墨图案层高清装饰。
步骤4.制备干粒。干粒包括40wt%的高温透明干粒和60wt%的低温干粒。所述高温透明干粒的化学组成包括,以质量百分比计,SiO2 52%,Al2O3 14%,BaO 2%,ZnO 3%,CaO 17%,MgO 3.6%,K2O 3.1%,Na2O 4.0%,烧失1.3%。所述低温干粒的化学组成包括,以质量百分比计,SiO2 48%,Al2O3 18%,BaO 3.5%,ZnO 5%,CaO 12.6%,MgO 1.8%,K2O9%,Na2O 1%,烧失1.1%。干粒的粒径为90目。
步骤5.干粒采用智能干粒布料系统在喷墨图案镂空处加入干粒进行装饰,干粒与喷墨图案形成凹凸有致风格,使瓷砖表面更耐磨与防滑。
步骤6.用刀型喷釉设备在布干粒后的砖坯表面喷耐磨亚光透明釉对干粒复合装饰砖进行保护,耐磨亚光透明釉的比重1.24g/cm3,喷釉量233g~250g/m2。
步骤7.烧成,获得微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。最高烧成温度为1180-1210℃,烧成周期为45~65分钟。
从图1可以看出,瓷质砖独有的立体图案与干粒组合、喷墨图案纹理相一致。从图2可以看出,瓷质砖的底色和砖面颜色接近,适合其他切割开槽等工艺。
Claims (10)
1.一种微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将微粉面料定点、定位布料,经反打压制成型,制成具有天然仿石纹理的微粉砖坯;所述微粉面料包括高温面料和低温面料,其中,高温面料和低温面料的质量比为55:45-65:35,高温面料的烧成温度高于低温面料10-30℃;
所述高温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 69-71.0%,Al2O3 17.5-19.0%,Fe2O3 0.4-0.5%,TiO2 0.2-0.3%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O 2.0-2.5%,Na2O 2.8-3.3%,烧失4.0-4.5%;所述低温面料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 70-72%,Al2O317-18.5%,Fe2O3 0.3-0.4%,TiO2 0.15-0.25%,CaO 0.5-0.7%,MgO 0.3-0.5%,K2O 2.8-3.5%,Na2O 3.0-4.0%,烧失3.5-4.0%;
(2)将微粉砖坯抛削处理;
(3)设计装饰图案,并在抛削处理后的微粉砖坯表面喷墨打印装饰图案;根据图案纹理对喷墨打印装饰图案进行镂空设计,图层的灰度在65-85%之间;
(4)将固定剂根据装饰图案打印在砖坯表面,然后布施干粒使其粘附在镂空图层位置;利用固定剂粘附干粒后去除没有被固定的干粒,形成装饰图案上有干粒的效果;
(5)再在砖坯表面施耐磨亚光透明釉;
(6)将施耐磨亚光透明釉后的砖坯烧成,获得微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述高温面料的烧成温度为1180-1250℃,所述低温面料的烧成温度为1160~1220℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述微粉砖坯的抛削深度为0.5-1.0mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述干粒由质量占比为30-50%的高温透明干粒和质量占比为50-70%的低温干粒组成,所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度为1180-1220℃,所述低温干粒的烧成温度为1150-1200℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温透明干粒的烧成温度高于低温干粒20-50℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温透明干粒的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 50-53%,Al2O3 14-17%,BaO 2-3%,ZnO 2-4%,CaO 16-18%,MgO 3.0-4.0%,K2O 3.0-4.0%,Na2O 4.0-5.0%,烧失0.5-2.0%;所述低温干粒的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 47-50%,Al2O3 16-19%,BaO 3.0-4.0%,ZnO 4.0-6.0%,CaO 10-14%,MgO1.5-3%,K2O 8-9%,Na2O 1-2%,烧失0.5-2.0%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干粒的粒径为60-120目。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述耐磨亚光透明釉的比重为1.22-1.26g/cm3,施加量为233-250g/m2。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,烧成周期为45~65分钟,最高烧成温度为1180-1210℃。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的制备方法获得的微粉复合喷墨定位干粒工艺的瓷质砖。
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