CN111620952A - 基于嵌合型病毒样颗粒的新型冠状病毒疫苗 - Google Patents
基于嵌合型病毒样颗粒的新型冠状病毒疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于嵌合型病毒样颗粒的新型冠状病毒疫苗，其包含作为有效成分的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒主要由一类重组的嵌合蛋白聚集形成，所述重组嵌合蛋白是通过将SARS‑CoV‑2病毒的S蛋白受体结合区域嵌合到HBcAg的主要免疫决定区而获得。本发明的疫苗能够在人类体内产生较强免疫响应，免疫后人类能够抵御新型冠状病毒感染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基因工程疫苗，具体涉及一种基于嵌合型病毒样颗粒的新型冠状病毒疫苗、其制备方法与应用，属于人用疫苗和人用生物制品领域。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease，COVID-19)是一种由新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2，如下亦简称“新冠病毒”)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染性疾病。SARS-CoV-2以飞沫传播和接触传播为主，也存在粪便传播、气溶胶传播的可能，人群普遍易感，老年人及有基础疾病者感染后病情较重。SARS-CoV-2主要侵犯肺泡上皮细胞，感染后潜伏期约为1～14d，最长可达24d，临床症状主要以发热、干咳以及呼吸困难为主，病情严重者可快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和凝血功能障碍等。76.4％的患者存在肺部CT异常，CT主要表现为双侧毛玻璃样病变，重症患者表现可以为双侧多发性小叶和肺段实变。2020年1月31日，世界卫生组织(WHO)将该疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(Public HealthEmergency of International Concern，PHEIC)。2020年3月11日，WHO根据评估认为当前疫情可被称为全球大流行。我国将COVID-19纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病，并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施，同时将其纳入检疫传染病管理。
SARS-CoV-2为正链单链RNA病毒，基因组长约为30kb，属于套式病毒目、冠状病毒科、β属冠状病毒。基因功能研究发现，SARS-CoV-2 5’段约2/3基因用于编码非结构性蛋白，这些非结构蛋白形成多聚体，行使复制酶和翻译功能，剩余约1/3基因编码四种结构蛋白，包括S蛋白(Spike Protein)、M蛋白(Membrance Protein)、E蛋白(Envelope Protein)和N蛋白(Nucleocapsid Protein)(Chen Y，Liu Q，Guo D.Emerging coronaviruses：Genomestructure，replication，and pathogenesis[J].J MedVirol，2020，92(4)：418-423.)。其中S蛋白是由1273个氨基酸残基构成的糖蛋白，主要作用是介导病毒识别宿主细胞受体，促进膜融合，并诱导免疫反应产生中和抗体。S蛋白由S1与S2两个亚基组成，其中S1亚基包含1个信号肽、N末端结构域(N-terminal Domain，NTD)和受体结合域(Receptor-bindingDomain，RBD)。S蛋白的受体结合区域(SRBD)是与宿主细胞受体直接结合的部分，在病毒吸附、进入宿主细胞过程中发挥重要作用。最新报道发现，SARS-CoV-2能够通过ACE2受体感染人类、蝙蝠和猪(Zhom P，Yang X L，Wang X G，et al.A pnemmonia outbreak associatedwith a new coronavirus ofprobable bat origin[J].Nature，2020.doi：10.1038/s41S86-020-2012-7.)，这说明SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白通过与ACE2受体结合，参与病毒入侵过程。SRBD序列有两段缺失，其不缺失的部分也能结合ACE2而入侵细胞(Chan JF，Kok K H，ZhmZ，et al.Genomic characterization of the 2019novel hmman-pathogeniccoronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visitingWuhan[J].Emerg Microbes Infections，2020，9(1)：221-236.)，说明SRBD某段特定序列在病毒与ACE2结合、吸附宿主细胞过程中发挥重要作用。因此，SRBD可能可以作为抗SARS-CoV-2药物和疫苗研发的重要作用靶点。
然而，COVID-19目前尚无明确的药物应用，临床治疗多以对症、支持为主。针对COVID-19的疫苗仍处于研制阶段，迄今为止，还主要是依靠控制传染源与切断传播途径来管控疫情。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种新型冠状病毒疫苗、其制备方法与应用，以克服现有技术中的不足。
为实现前述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括：
本发明实施例提供了一种嵌合蛋白，是通过将SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白受体结合区域嵌合到HBcAg的主要免疫决定区而获得。进一步的，所述嵌合蛋白包含SEQ ID NO：2所示的氨基酸序列或者与SEQ ID NO：2的全长氨基酸序列95％以上相同的氨基酸序列。
本发明实施例还提供了所述嵌合蛋白的编码基因。进一步的，所述编码基因包括序列如SEQ ID NO：1所示的核酸分子或者与SEQ ID NO：1的核苷酸序列95％以上相同的核酸分子。
本发明实施例还提供了包含所述编码基因的重组载体。
本发明实施例还提供了包含所述编码基因或所述重组载体的重组菌。
本发明实施例还提供了由所述重组菌表达的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
本发明实施例还提供了所述嵌合蛋白、所述编码基因、所述重组载体、所述重组菌或所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒在制备新型冠状病毒检测试剂中的用途或者在制备预防和/或治疗新型冠状病毒感染的药物中的用途。
本发明实施例还提供了一种新型冠状病毒疫苗，其活性成分包括所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。进一步的，所述疫苗还可以包括药学上可接受的载体。
本发明实施例还提供了一种制备所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒的方法，包括：将包含所述编码基因的重组载体转化大肠杆菌，再经培养及后处理，获得所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
较之现有技术，本发明实施例通过将SARS-CoV-2的SRBD嵌合到HBcAg(乙肝病毒核心抗原)的MIR区域(主要免疫决定区，Major Immunodominant Region)，可以在HBcAg形成的病毒样颗粒表面展示SRBD，从而借助病毒样颗粒结构增强人体免疫系统对SRBD的免疫响应，获得良好的免疫效果，进而使免疫人群获得良好的免疫保护，免除新型冠状病毒的感染。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是本发明实施例2所获样品的SDS-PAGE图；
图2是本发明实施例3所获病毒样颗粒的电镜照片；
图3是本发明实施例4中基于试剂盒标准品检测结果的标准曲线。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本说明书使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本发明实施例的一个方面提供的一种嵌合蛋白是通过将SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白受体结合区域嵌合到HBcAg的主要免疫决定区而获得，因此亦可称为SRBD/HBcAg嵌合抗原。
优选的，在所述SRBD/HBcAg嵌合抗原中，还于SRBD的两侧分别添加了连接肽，C末端添加了连接肽和6个组氨酸，这极大增强了抗原颗粒的稳定性。
进一步的，所述嵌合蛋白包含SEQ ID NO：2所示的氨基酸序列或者与SEQ ID NO：2的全长氨基酸序列95％以上相同的氨基酸序列。
本发明实施例的另一个方面提供的所述嵌合蛋白的编码基因包括序列如SEQ IDNO：1所示的核酸分子或者与SEQ ID NO：1的核苷酸序列95％以上相同的核酸分子。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了包含所述编码基因的重组载体。
进一步的，所述重组载体包括但不限于pET-22b(+)载体等，例如还可以采用其它的大肠杆菌表达载体(如pET系列载体)、动物细胞表达载体(如pCDNA3.1)、酵母细胞表达载体(如pPIC9.0)、杆状病毒表达载体(如pFASTBAC)，等等。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了包含所述编码基因或所述重组载体的重组菌。
进一步的，所述重组菌可以选用但不限于大肠杆菌等。例如，还可以是酵母菌、昆虫细胞/杆状病毒表达系统、CHO细胞等哺乳动物细胞以及植物细胞、转基因动物(如乳腺生物反应器)等。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了由所述重组菌表达的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
进一步的，所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒可以由所述的重组嵌合蛋白聚集而成，其能够快速的诱导人体的免疫响应，在作为新型冠状病毒疫苗应用时，只需很少剂量就可以给人体提供完全保护。
具体的，在使用时，是将安全有效量的本发明所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒施用于哺乳动物(如人)，其中该安全有效量通常至少约1微克/千克体重，而且在大多数情况下不超过约10毫克/千克体重，较佳地该剂量是约1微克/千克体重-约1毫克/千克体重。当然，具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、使用者健康状况等因素，这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了所述嵌合蛋白、所述编码基因、所述重组载体、所述重组菌或所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒在制备新型冠状病毒检测试剂中的用途。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了所述嵌合蛋白、所述编码基因、所述重组载体、所述重组菌或所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒在制备预防和/或治疗新型冠状病毒感染的药物中的用途。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了一种新型冠状病毒疫苗，其活性成分包括所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
进一步的，所述疫苗还可以包括药学上可接受的载体。
所述的药学上可接受的载体指这样一些药剂载体：它们本身并不是必要的活性成分，且施用后没有过分的毒性。合适的载体是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。例如，在Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Pub.Co.，N.J.1991)等诸多文献中均可找到关于药学上可接受的载体的充分说明。
在本发明实施例提供的疫苗中，所述药学上可接受的载体可含有液体，如水、盐水、甘油和山梨醇。另外，这些载体中还可能存在辅助性的物质，如润滑剂、助流剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲物质和稳定剂，如白蛋白等。
在一些实施方案中，所述药学上可接受的载体还可以含有免疫刺激剂、细胞转染试剂等其它类型的佐剂。优选的，其中部分的佐剂采用苏州世诺生物技术有限公司生产的佐剂，以提高疫苗效果。
在本发明实施例中，可以将所述的疫苗制成各种适合于哺乳动物给药的剂型，所述剂型包括但不限于：注射剂、胶囊剂、片剂、乳剂、栓剂；较佳地为注射剂。
本发明实施例的另一个方面还提供了一种制备所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒的制备方法，其包括：将包含所述编码基因的重组载体转化大肠杆菌，再经培养及后处理，获得所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒。所述的后处理包括细胞裂解、蛋白纯化等操作，这些操作都是本领域技术人员熟知的。
在本发明的以上实施例中，通过将新型冠状病毒S蛋白的受体结合区域(SRBD，至少部分的序列为SEQ ID NO：4所示)嵌合到HBcAg的MIR区域(至少部分的序列为SEQ ID NO：3所示，其中第1-143位为组装域，第150-183位为C末端结构域CTD)，可以在形成的病毒样颗粒(如下亦称为SRBD/HBcAg嵌合病毒样颗粒)表面展示S蛋白的受体结合区域，借助病毒样颗粒结构增强人体免疫系统对S蛋白的受体结合区域的免疫响应，获得良好的免疫效果，从而使免疫人群获得良好的免疫保护，免除新型冠状病毒的感染。
本说明书中述及的乙肝病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)是由核心蛋白亚基构成的，呈正二十面体对称的颗粒结构。单个核心蛋白亚基(包含183～185个氨基酸的多肽链)先组装成同型二聚体(Homodimer)，二聚体再进一步多聚化形成HBcAg颗粒。HBcAg C端的150-183部分为核酸结合区，存在于病毒衣壳的内部，具有结合核酸RNA的能力，但对病毒核心颗粒的形态和大小维持以及自组装配并非必需，截去该片段的HBcAg具有更好的稳定性。N端的1-149部分为颗粒装配区，负责形成病毒样颗粒。不少的研究报道显示，HBcAg的N端(1-149)可以通过C61形成同源二聚体并组装成病毒样颗粒，在这样的病毒样结构中，L76～D83形成突起的顶部，成为主要免疫决定区(Major Immunodominant Region，MIR)，而两侧则形成二聚体的基座和突起柄部。HBcAg形成的VLPs存在的MIR区非常适合携带外源肽而不影响其VLPs的形成和免疫原性。HBcAg能在不同系统中表达(例如大肠杆菌、酵母菌、痘苗病毒、昆虫细胞等)，且装配成21kD的多肽，多肽可以自发组装形成HBcAg，这种在异源体系中自组装的性质为HBcAg作为免疫载体提供了优势(Ulrich，R.M.Nassal，H.Meisel，et al.Core particlesof hepatitis B virus as carrier for foreign epitopes.Adv Virus Res，1998.50：p.141-82.)。
在本发明的以上实施例中，优选采用大肠肝菌表达系统，其表达水平较高，可拓展性强，蛋白免疫原性好。
本发明以上实施例使用重组大肠肝菌表达SRBD/HBcAg嵌合病毒样颗粒，产品的抗原性、免疫原性和功能与天然蛋白质相似，表达水平较高，其在应用为疫苗的活性成分时，免疫原性强，对人类没有致病性，并且本发明的疫苗可以使用生物反应器大规模无血清悬浮培养制备，不仅质控容易，安全性高，免疫原性好，批次间稳定，而且还大大降低了疫苗生产成本，能够很好的满足大规模工业化生产的需求。
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中所用试剂和原料均市售可得，而其中未注明具体条件的试验方法，通常按照常规条件，或者按照各制造商所建议的条件。又及，除非另外说明，本发明中所公开的试验方法、检测方法、制备方法均采用本技术领域常规的分子生物学、生物化学、染色质结构和分析、分析化学、细胞培养、重组DNA技术及相关领域的常规技术。这些技术在现有文献中已有完善说明，具体可参见Sambrook等MOLECULAR CLONING：A LABORATORYMANUAL，Second edition，Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press，1989and Thirdedition，2001；Ausubel等，CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY，John Wiley&Sons，New York，1987and periodic updates；the series METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY，Academic Press，San Diego；Wolffe，CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION，Thirdedition，Academic Press，San Diego，1998；METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY，Vol.304，Chromatin(P.M.Wassarman and A.P.Wolffe，eds.)，Academic Press，San Diego，1999；和METHODSIN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY，Vol.119，Chromatin Protocols(P.B.Becker，ed.)Humana Press，Totowa，1999等。
实施例1重组大肠肝菌的构建
在上海桑尼生物科技有限公司合成了密码子优化后的SRBD/HBcAg基因(SEQ IDNO：1)，插入pET-22b(+)的NdeI/XhoI之间，获得重组的pET-22b-SRBD/HBcAg质粒，将此质粒转化大肠杆菌，并涂布于LB-1％琼脂糖-amp+半固体培养基平板上过夜培养，所得克隆即为表达SRBD/HBcAg嵌合抗原的重组大肠杆菌。
实施例2重组SRBD/HBcAg嵌合抗原病毒样颗粒的制备
1.挑取实施例1中所获重组大肠肝菌培养于LB培养基中，培养温度为16℃，当OD600值达到0.8时，加入IPTG至终浓度为0.1mM，16h后，停止发酵，收获菌体，4℃下，8000rpm离心15min，收获菌体，冻存于-20℃，直至使用；
2.将大肠杆菌按照1∶4(w∶v)重新悬浮于50mM Tris pH 7.5，5mM DTT溶液中，并添加蛋白酶抑制剂，DNA酶0.01mg/mL和RNA酶A0.1mg/mL；
3.冰浴超声破碎细胞15s、暂停15s、连续1min，如此重复7-10次；
4.4℃、27000g下离心30min，收获上清；
5.向收获的上清中缓慢加入硫酸铵到40％饱和度，相当于浓度30％(w/v)，冰浴下搅拌1h；
6.4℃、25000g下离心60min，收获沉淀；
7.将收获的沉淀重悬于BufferA(100mM Tris pH7.5，100mM NaCl，2mM DTT)，控制A280＝6左右；
8.4℃、25000g下离心15min，收获上清；
9.将收获的上清上样到BufferA平衡的Sepharose CL-4B柱上(2.6cm内径，床层体积约350mL，最大上样量设为床层体积的5％，即17mL)，在4℃条件下，以1mL/min走柱，走柱100mL之后，开始分步收集，每7mL收集1管，连续收集40管；
10.对收集的样品进行SDS-PAGE分析。具体结果参见图1，结合图谱，合并成病毒样颗粒部分，并超滤浓缩至A280＝2～4。并更换缓冲液为20mM PB，500mM NaCl，pH值8.0。
11.用20mM PB，500mM NaCl，pH值8.0缓冲溶液平衡上述Sepharose CL-4B柱5个柱体积，对实施例2中获得病毒样颗粒再次上样分离，收获病毒样颗粒，0.22μm过滤除菌后冻存-80℃。
实施例3电镜检测
将实施例2中纯化获得的病毒样颗粒浓缩液滴于200目铜网碳支持膜上吸附1min，自然风干后，滴加2％磷钨酸钠溶液进行负染，负染后进行电镜观察。病毒样颗粒直径约200nm，具体结果见图2。
实施例4免疫程序及中和抗体检测方法
一、小鼠免疫程序
1.试验原材料及动物
(1)抗原：新冠VLP颗粒，浓度2mg/ml。
(2)佐剂：弗氏完全佐剂，Sigma，货号：F5881；弗氏不完全佐剂，货号：F5506。
(3)无菌生理盐水(0.85％)。
(4)试验动物：
动物品系：BALB/C小鼠
日龄：5周龄
性别：雌雄各半
级别：SPF级
来源：上海斯莱克试验动物责任有限公司。
2.试验步骤：
(1)免疫程序：
| 免疫次数 | 免疫间隔 | 注射途径 | 注射体积 |
| 1次 | 无 | 颈背部皮下 | 100μl/只 |
| 2次 | 21天 | 颈背部皮下 | 100μl/只 |
(2)试验分组及免疫用抗原处理：
设三个抗原试验组：阴性对照组(生理盐水)、低剂量组(10μg/只)和高剂量组(50μg/只)。
每组抗原用动物数量雌雄各5只。
抗原处理如下(乳化时，第一次免疫用抗原用弗氏完全佐剂处理，第二次免疫用弗氏不完全佐剂处理)：
A)阴性对照组：无菌生理盐水，加等体积弗氏佐剂，超声乳化。
B)低剂量组：抗原2mg/ml VLP颗粒，无菌生理盐水稀释值浓度为0.2mg/ml加等体积弗氏佐剂，超声乳化。注射100μl/只，即10μg/只。
C)高剂量组：抗原2mg/ml VLP颗粒，无菌生理盐水稀释至浓度为1mg/ml，加等体积弗氏佐剂，超声乳化。注射100μl/只，即50μg/只。
(3)免疫注射：
按照上述分组，将5周龄的雌雄小鼠，分别随机分为3组，每组抗原共10只小鼠(雌雄各半)。按照免疫程序，注射处理后抗原。
(4)免疫动物采血。
采集时间：每次免疫后7-10天，颌下静脉采血，100μl/只。
采集后收集血清：采集后全血放置37℃1小时后放置2-8℃过夜，12000rpm离心10min，取上清，-20℃保存备用。
二、基于竞争ELISA的中和抗体滴度检测
1.试验原材料
(1)ELISA试剂盒：SARS-CoV-2(2019-nCoV)Inhibitor Screening ELISA Kit(Cat：KIT001)，公司：义翘神州。
(2)待检测血清：-20℃保存备用血清
2.试验步骤：
按照试剂盒说明书进行操作，简单地：
(1)按照试剂盒说明书准备各种试剂
(2)每孔加100μl带有His标签的重组人ACE2，再加10个3倍比稀释SARS-COV-2竞争结合物，同时加入1孔100μl稀释液对照，再加入1孔待测样本100μl(用稀释液做2000倍稀释)。室温孵育1小时。
(3)洗涤3次，每次每孔300μl。
(4)加HRP-His Tag单抗，100μl/孔，室温孵育1小时。
(5)洗涤3次，每次每孔300μl。
(6)加TMB，200μl/孔，室温避光15min。
(7)加终止液，50μl/孔，15min之内测定OD450。
3.检测结果：
(1)试剂盒标准品检测结果：
由此建立的相应标准曲线可以参阅图3。
(2)血清样本检测结果：
三、基于表达人ACE2的重组293细胞的中和抗体检测
重组293细胞的表面表达有人ACE2，可以与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD区域结合。基因工程逆转录病毒的表面表达有与GFP嵌合的新冠S蛋白的S1区域，这样该重组逆转录病毒可以通过重组293表面的ACE2而侵染细胞，并在被侵染的293细胞内表达GFP-S1，而使得该细胞呈现绿色荧光。
新冠VLP疫苗免疫动物后，诱发免疫响应，产生抗体，其中可能存在中和抗体。用免疫后的动物血清与基因工程逆转录病毒一起处理表达ACE2的重组293细胞，然后再利用荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光细胞，如存在中和抗体，中和抗体结合假病毒的RBD区域而阻止其对重组293细胞的侵染，这样293细胞就不会呈现绿色荧光，反之如不存在中和抗体，则假病毒就可以侵染重组293细胞使细胞呈现绿色荧光。
1.试验原材料
(1)假病毒：浓度2mg/ml。携带有报告基因GFP-S1的慢病毒，膜蛋白为新冠病毒的S蛋白。
(2)重组293细胞：培养于DMEM+10％的FBS培养基中。
(3)无菌生理盐水(0.85％)。
(4)荧光显微镜
2.试验步骤：
(1)取1瓶T25组织瓶培养的293细胞，用0.25％胰蛋白酶消化液消化后，取1×105个细胞重新悬浮于10mL DMEM+10％FBS培养基中，混合均匀后，接种一块96孔板，每孔100μL过夜培养备用。
(2)动物血清处理假病毒：将“一”中所获得的动物血清用生理盐水稀释1000倍，取200μL与200μL的假病毒混合，同时设生理盐水处理假病毒对照(500μL生理盐水与500μL的假病毒混合)，37℃下温育30min。
(3)向96孔板中，按照下表标注每孔加入100μL对应的样本。
第一次免疫血清样本
| 孔号 | 血清样品 | 孔号 | 血清样品 | 孔号 | 血清样品 |
| B1 | 阴性对照C-1 | C1 | 低剂量C-1 | D1 | 高剂量C-1 |
| B2 | 阴性对照C-2 | C2 | 低剂量C-2 | D2 | 高剂量C-2 |
| B3 | 阴性对照C-3 | C3 | 低剂量C-3 | D3 | 高剂量C-3 |
| B4 | 阴性对照C-4 | C4 | 低剂量C-4 | D4 | 高剂量C-4 |
| B5 | 阴性对照C-5 | C5 | 低剂量C-5 | D5 | 高剂量C-5 |
| B6 | 阴性对照X-1 | C6 | 低剂量X-1 | D6 | 高剂量X-1 |
| B7 | 阴性对照X-2 | C7 | 低剂量X-2 | D7 | 高剂量X-2 |
| B8 | 阴性对照X-3 | C8 | 低剂量X-3 | D8 | 高剂量X-3 |
| B9 | 阴性对照X-4 | C9 | 低剂量X-4 | D9 | 高剂量X-4 |
| B10 | 阴性对照X-5 | C10 | 低剂量X-5 | D10 | 高剂量X-5 |
第二次免疫血清样本
(4)48小时后，利用荧光显微镜观察96孔板内的细胞，并记录。
3.试验结果
(1)荧光观察结果如下表：
第一次免疫
| 孔号 | 血清样品 | 孔号 | 血清样品 | 孔号 | 血清样品 |
| B1 | +++ | C1 | + | D1 | - |
| B2 | +++ | C2 | + | D2 | - |
| B3 | +++ | C3 | + | D3 | + |
| B4 | +++ | C4 | - | D4 | - |
| B5 | +++ | C5 | - | D5 | - |
| B6 | +++ | C6 | - | D6 | - |
| B7 | +++ | C7 | - | D7 | - |
| B8 | +++ | C8 | + | D8 | + |
| B9 | +++ | C9 | - | D9 | - |
| B10 | +++ | C10 | - | D10 | - |
第二次免疫
+++：几乎所有的细胞都呈现绿色
+：只有少量细胞呈现绿色，并且绿色弱
-：极少量细胞呈现绿色，绿色非常微弱
--：只有1个或2个细胞呈现非常微弱的绿色
---：没有观察到绿色细胞。
(2)结论：高剂量组经过2次免疫后，所有动物都产生了中和抗体，可以阻断假病毒对重组293细胞的感染。
应当理解，以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
序列表
<110> 苏州米迪生物技术有限公司
<120> 基于嵌合型病毒样颗粒的新型冠状病毒疫苗
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Claims (10)
1.一种嵌合蛋白，是通过将SARS-CoV-2病毒的S蛋白受体结合区域嵌合到HBcAg的主要免疫决定区而获得；优选的，所述嵌合蛋白包含SEQ ID NO：2所示的氨基酸序列或者与SEQID NO：2的全长氨基酸序列95％以上相同的氨基酸序列。
2.如权利要求1所述嵌合蛋白的编码基因；优选的，所述编码基因包括序列如SEQ IDNO：1所示的核酸分子或者与SEQ ID NO：1的核苷酸序列95％以上相同的核酸分子。
3.包含权利要求2所述编码基因的重组载体；优选的，所述重组载体包括pET-22b(+)载体。
4.包含权利要求2所述编码基因或权利要求3所述重组载体的重组菌；优选的，所述重组菌包括大肠杆菌。
5.由权利要求4所述重组菌表达的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
6.如权利要求1所述的嵌合蛋白、权利要求2所述的编码基因、权利要求3所述的重组载体、权利要求4所述的重组菌或权利要求5所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒在制备新型冠状病毒检测试剂中的用途。
7.如权利要求1所述的嵌合蛋白、权利要求2所述的编码基因、权利要求3所述的重组载体、权利要求4所述的重组菌或权利要求5所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒在制备预防和/或治疗新型冠状病毒感染的药物中的用途。
8.一种新型冠状病毒疫苗，其特征在于：所述疫苗的活性成分包括权利要求5所述的嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
9.如权利要求8所述的疫苗，其特征在于：所述疫苗还包括药学上可接受的载体。
10.权利要求5所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于包括：将包含权利要求2所述编码基因的重组载体转化大肠杆菌，再经培养及后处理，获得所述嵌合型病毒样颗粒。
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