CN111615993A - Preparation and maintenance method of mushroom sticks of short-age mushrooms sowed in winter and spring - Google Patents
Preparation and maintenance method of mushroom sticks of short-age mushrooms sowed in winter and spring Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing and maintaining short-fungus-age mushroom sticks sowed in winter and spring, which aims at the characteristics that short-fungus-age mushroom hyphae grow fast, the fungus sticks are short in bag filling time and can be subjected to color change and fruiting at the same time by using the characteristics that the material of the smooth-skin birch is compact and the wood structure of a fast-growing tree is loose, increasing the using amount of wheat bran, adjusting the C/N suitable for the short-fungus-age mushroom sticks and adding a slow-release oxygen increasing agent during the material proportioning of the fungus sticks and supplementing additional fertilizer during the moisture change interval period aiming at the characteristics that the short-fungus-age mushroom is sowed in winter and spring by adopting the smooth-skin birch and the fast-growing poplar and the locust tree which are produced in Guizhou province as main. The method combines the characteristics of mushroom inoculation and fungus culture, color conversion, primordial differentiation and mushroom production and moisture conversion periods of mushrooms in winter and spring with the biological characteristics of short-age mushroom varieties to prepare the mushroom stick compost, and divides the preparation, spawn running management and maintenance technologies of the mushroom stick compost into a mushroom stick preparation period, an oxygenation period and an intermittent additional fertilization and maintenance period so as to achieve the purpose of improving the yield, quality and production benefit of mushroom seeding in winter and spring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation and additional fertilization of a mushroom stick culture material, in particular to a preparation and maintenance method of mushroom sticks with short fungus ages sowed in winter and spring.
Background
At present, the cultivation season of the mushrooms in Guizhou province (normal season mushrooms) is mainly autumn sowing (mushroom sticks are produced, inoculated and cultured in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months, and the mushrooms are harvested 12 months to 4 months next year).
Aiming at the actual conditions of low price and poor benefit of mushroom cultivation in the positive season (winter mushroom) of mushroom, the method selects short-age mushroom varieties (such as 0912 or 808) by utilizing the characteristics of high growth speed of short-age mushroom hyphae, short bag filling time of mushroom sticks and capability of color conversion and mushroom production, robs and grabs the market quotation of high price and good benefit of 5-7 month alternate season fresh mushroom (summer mushroom), and manufactures the culture material suitable for winter-spring sowing short-age mushroom sticks with complete nutrition, rapid growth and rapid mushroom production.
In the lentinus edodes inoculated in winter and spring, the primordium differentiation and fruiting seasons of the fruiting bodies are in hot summer, because the lentinus edodes have the characteristic of temperature change and fructification, if the growth characteristics of short-age lentinus edodes and the management technology of the color change period, the primordium differentiation and the fruiting period of the lentinus edodes in high temperature period in summer are not mastered, the prepared culture material is not suitable, the culture material of the fungus sticks and the cultivation management are manufactured according to the experience of the fungus sticks of the lentinus edodes, and the yield, the yield and the benefit of the fungus sticks are low because the pollution rate of the fungus sticks is high.
In the Guizhou province, edible mushrooms have been vigorously developed in recent years, wherein the planting scale and yield of shiitake mushrooms are maximized. The mushroom is wood rot fungus and has strong preference for lignin, the cultivation material takes perennial broadleaf tree hardwood as a main material, and the ecological environment protection of Guizhou province is strict, the disorder cutting and excessive cutting are prohibited, the raw material price of mushroom cultivation is increased, and the fungi forest conflict is prominent. The fungus age of the short-fungus-age mushroom sticks is generally about 90 days after the inoculation of the mushroom sticks, the culture material of the mushroom sticks is suitable for the rapid growth, color conversion and fruiting of the mushroom sticks, and the suitable C/N is 18-20: 1.
The method is characterized in that the mushrooms are sown in winter and spring for fruiting production in spring and summer, and the cultivation technology is difficult, so that the fresh mushrooms in the market are few, the price of the mushrooms is high, the benefit is relatively good, and the method plays a positive role in the Guizhou province mushroom industry. In the invention, short-fungus-age mushroom varieties (such as 0912 or 808) are adopted to prepare culture materials suitable for full-nutrition, rapid growth and rapid fruiting of short-fungus-age mushroom sticks sowed in winter and spring, the mushroom sticks are inoculated in winter and spring (Guizhou inoculates the mushroom sticks in late 12-2 months of the next year and puts the mushroom on a shed and grows the mushroom in late 3 months), the market quotation that the price of the fresh mushroom (summer mushroom) is high in early 5-7 months is grabbed, and good planting benefits can be obtained.
In addition, in the vast shiitake planting production area of Guizhou province, farmers have no habit of topdressing the shiitake mushroom sticks and do not master the topdressing technology, the invention combines the biological characteristics of shiitake mushrooms with short fungus ages sowed in winter and spring and the characteristics of inoculation in winter and spring and fruiting in summer, and proper topdressing is applied during the interval period of moisture transfer of the mushroom sticks, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the summer yield, the appearance quality and the production benefit of winter and spring sowing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing and maintaining short-age mushroom sticks sowed in winter and spring so as to achieve the purpose of improving the summer yield, appearance quality and production benefit of mushrooms sowed in winter and spring.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
1. a method for preparing and maintaining short-age mushroom sticks in winter and spring includes such steps as inoculating mushroom in winter and spring, culturing, color change, differentiating primordium, culturing, and changing moisture period, and preparing culture medium of short-age mushroom.
(1) A fungus stick preparation stage: betula luminifera, poplar and sophora trees which are locally produced in Guizhou are used as main carbon source materials, and bran is used as a nitrogen source. The C/N of the mushroom sticks suitable for short mushroom age is adjusted, the bran content is increased to 22%, the red yarn sugar 0.4% and the sustained-release oxygen increasing agent 1% are added, and the hypha is promoted to eat and grow quickly as soon as possible. Gypsum, calcium superphosphate and magnesium sulfate are used as cultivation auxiliary materials.
The specific formula is as follows: 43% of betula luminifera sawdust, 32% of mixed sawdust particles of poplar and locust tree, 22% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 0.4% of red yarn sugar, 0.3% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of magnesium sulfate, 1% of slow-release oxygen increasing agent, 50% -55% of water content and 6.5-7 of pH value.
(2) And (3) oxygenation of the fungus sticks:
the stage comprises 2 periods, namely a puncture oxygenation period and a water injection oxygenation period.
Firstly, a pricking and oxygen increasing period: after the bag is filled with hypha and becomes hard, a pricking machine is used for pricking holes on the colorless transparent surface of the black and white bag fungus stick for increasing oxygen, and meanwhile, the air humidity of the greenhouse is increased to 70% -75%, so that the slow-release oxygen increasing agent is promoted to exert an oxygen increasing effect.
And a water injection oxygenation period: after the first tide of mushrooms are harvested, a special iron drill rod is used for longitudinally penetrating the mushroom stick from the center point of the mushroom stick cylinder to the position with the length of 3/4 degrees, a slow-release oxygen increasing agent accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the mushroom stick is stuffed, and a water injector is used for injecting water. Before water is injected, a long opening is cut at the bottom of the bag to avoid water accumulation in the bag.
(3) And (3) in the intermittent stage, bacterial rod topdressing and maintenance stage:
and (5) removing the bag after the harvest of the 2 nd tide of summer mushrooms. In the intermittent period, the top dressing and the maintenance are carried out, and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg of triacontanol plus Vb15 mg/kg-10 mg/kg of the fungus stick is injected with water; after the 3 rd tide of summer mushroom is harvested, mixed nutrient solution with 0.01-0.05% of calcium and magnesium and 0.01-0.05% of amino acid is applied and injected into the mushroom stick along with water, so that the redifferentiation of short-age mushrooms and the robust growth of young mushrooms are promoted, and the weight of a single fruit body is increased. Shading light, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 22-27 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70%.
In the preparation of the fungus sticks, according to the characteristic that the fast-growing tree wood has a loose structure, the poplar wood and the locust wood are firstly crushed into wood chips by a crusher, then the two wood chips are mixed by a granulator and are granulated into particles with the diameter of 0.4 cm, the closely-woody Betula luminifera is crushed into the size of corn grains, then gypsum, calcium superphosphate and rice bran are dry-mixed and uniformly stirred, then the mixture is mixed with the wood chips, red sugar and magnesium sulfate are firstly dissolved in water and uniformly sprinkled on the materials, and the mixture is uniformly stirred, and the adding concentration is 1: 1.3 clear water, and the water content of the culture material is 50-55 percent. The directional fruiting black and white fungus bags are adopted for loading, one side of the black and white fungus bag is colorless and transparent, and the other half side is dark and lightproof. Sterilizing and cooling until the temperature of the bag is reduced to below 30 ℃. Inoculating and culturing on the colorless and transparent surface of the fungus stick. Shading light, controlling the temperature of the fungus cultivation shed at 22-27 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70%.
In the bacteria stick oxygenation stage, the temperature of the shed is controlled to be about 25 ℃, and the air humidity is 60-65%. Ventilation was performed 2 times per day for 20 minutes each time.
The method comprises the steps of shading light, controlling the temperature of the shed at 22-27 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70% in the bacterial stick topdressing and maintaining stage in the intermittent period.
The method aims at sowing short-fungus-age mushrooms in winter and spring (Guizhou inoculates fungus sticks in late 12 months to 2 months in the next year and puts up and produces mushrooms in late 3 months), applies the betula luminifera and fast-growing poplar and locust trees which are produced in Guizhou province as main carbon source materials of the cultivation material, and aims at the characteristics of high growth speed of short-fungus-age mushroom hyphae, short full bag time of the fungus sticks and capability of fruiting while color transformation is carried out. The method has the advantages of stabilizing the number of fruiting bodies per tide, improving the singleness and yield of the fruiting bodies and increasing the harvest tide number of the summer mushrooms.
Detailed Description
Example (b): the cultivation of the variety lentinula edodes 0912 in winter and spring is explained as an example.
(1) Selecting seasons: d, winter sowing of the lentinus edodes 0912, inoculating the mushroom sticks at the beginning of 12 months, and producing the lentinus edodes in late 3-6 months; the mushroom is sowed in spring 0912, the mushroom sticks are inoculated in the beginning of 2 months, and the mushroom is produced in the last ten days of 4-8 months.
(2) A fungus stick preparation stage:
the formula of the mushroom stick culture material is as follows: 43 percent of betula luminifera sawdust, 32 percent of mixed sawdust particles of poplar and locust tree, 22 percent of bran, 1 percent of gypsum, 0.4 percent of red yarn sugar, 0.3 percent of calcium superphosphate, 0.3 percent of magnesium sulfate, 1 percent of slow-release oxygenation agent, 50 to 55 percent of water content and pH = 7.
When the fungus sticks are prepared, a pulverizer is used for pulverizing poplar wood and sophora wood into wood chips, a granulator is used for mixing the wood chips with the poplar wood and the sophora wood to be granulated into particles with the diameter of 0.4 cm, and meanwhile, the tightly-woody smooth-skinned birch is pulverized into the size of the corn grains. Then gypsum, calcium superphosphate and rice bran are dry-mixed and evenly stirred, and then are mixed and stirred with wood dust particles, red yarn sugar and magnesium sulfate are firstly dissolved in water and are evenly sprinkled on the materials, the materials are evenly mixed and stirred, and the mixture is added with the mixture with the concentration of 1: 1.3, clear water, and controlling the water content of the culture material to be 50-55 percent. Loading into black and white fungus bags for directional fruiting, sterilizing, cooling to 30 deg.C, inoculating on colorless transparent surface of the fungus stick, and culturing in dark place. The temperature of the fungus culturing shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 65-70%.
See table 1 specifically:
TABLE 1 preparation stage of short-age mushroom sticks
(2) And (3) oxygenation of the fungus sticks:
firstly, a pricking and oxygen increasing period: after the bag is filled with hypha and becomes hard, a pricking machine is used for pricking holes on the colorless transparent surface of the black and white bag fungus sticks to increase oxygen, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-28 ℃, and meanwhile, the air humidity of the greenhouse is increased to 70-75%.
And a water injection oxygenation period: after the first tide of mushrooms are harvested, a special iron drill rod is used for longitudinally penetrating the mushroom stick from the center point of the mushroom stick cylinder to the position with the length of 3/4 degrees, a slow-release oxygen increasing agent accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the mushroom stick is stuffed, and a water injector is used for injecting water. Before water is injected, a long opening is cut at the bottom of the bag to avoid water accumulation in the bag. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 25 ℃, and the air humidity is controlled to be 60-65%. Ventilation was performed 2 times per day for 20 minutes each time.
See table 2 specifically:
(3) and (3) in the intermittent stage, bacterial rod topdressing and maintenance stage:
and (5) removing the bag after the harvest of the 2 nd tide of summer mushrooms. In the intermittent period, the top dressing and the maintenance are carried out, and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg of triacontanol plus Vb15 mg/kg-10 mg/kg of the fungus stick is injected with water; after the 3 rd tide of summer mushroom is harvested, 0.01-0.05% of calcium and magnesium and 0.01-0.05% of amino acid mixed nutrient solution are applied and injected into the mushroom stick along with water. Shading light, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 22-27 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70%.
See table 3 for details:
compared with the prior art, in the culture material preparation stage, the bag filling time of hyphae can be shortened by more than 5 days, the yield of the fungus sticks is improved to 98%, and the cost of the fungus sticks is reduced by 0.10-0.20 yuan. In the oxygenation stage, the oxygen content in the fungus stick can be obviously increased by 3-5%, the germination points of mushroom buds are increased by more than 3, the pileus of the fruiting body is more round and thick, the stipe of the fungus is more thick, the weight of a single mushroom is increased by 5-8%, and the quantity of first-level mushrooms is increased by more than 60%; in the stage of top dressing and maintenance, the fruiting tide times are increased for 1-2 times, the total fruiting tide times are more than 6 times, the yield of fresh mushrooms is increased by more than 12%, and the biological conversion rate is improved to 88%.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing and maintaining short-age mushroom sticks sowed in winter and spring is characterized in that the method combines the characteristics of various stages of mushroom inoculation and fungus culture, color change, primordium differentiation and mushroom production and moisture change periods of mushrooms in winter and spring and the biological characteristics of short-age mushroom varieties to prepare a mushroom stick culture material, and divides the technologies of preparing the mushroom stick culture material, growing management and maintenance into a mushroom stick preparation stage, an oxygenation stage and an intermittent additional fertilization and maintenance stage;
(1) a fungus stick preparation stage: betula luminifera, poplar and sophora trees which are locally produced in Guizhou are used as main carbon source materials, and bran is used as a nitrogen source; adjusting ingredients: adjusting the C/N suitable for short-fungus-age shiitake mushroom sticks, increasing the bran content to 22%, adding 0.4% of brown sugar and 1% of slow-release oxygen increasing agent, and promoting hypha to eat and grow quickly as soon as possible; gypsum, calcium superphosphate and magnesium sulfate are used as cultivation auxiliary materials;
the specific formula is as follows: 43% of betula luminifera sawdust, 32% of mixed sawdust particles of poplar and locust tree, 22% of bran, 1% of gypsum, 0.4% of red yarn sugar, 0.3% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of magnesium sulfate, 1% of slow-release oxygen increasing agent, 50% -55% of water content and 6.5-7 of pH value;
(2) and (3) oxygenation of the fungus sticks:
the stage comprises 2 periods, namely a puncture oxygenation period and a water injection oxygenation period;
firstly, a pricking and oxygen increasing period: after the bag is filled with hypha and becomes hard, a pricking machine is used for pricking holes on the colorless transparent surface of the black and white bag fungus stick for increasing oxygen, and meanwhile, the air humidity of the greenhouse is increased to 70% -75%, so that the slow-release oxygen increasing agent is promoted to exert an oxygen increasing effect;
and a water injection oxygenation period: after the first tide of mushrooms are harvested, a special iron drill rod is used for longitudinally inserting the mushroom stick from the center point of the mushroom stick cylinder to the position with the length of 3/4, a slow-release oxygen increasing agent accounting for 1.5% of the weight of the mushroom stick is plugged, and a water injector is used for injecting water; before water is injected, a long opening is cut at the bottom of the bag to avoid water accumulation in the bag;
(3) and (3) in the intermittent stage, bacterial rod topdressing and maintenance stage:
after the summer mushrooms in the 2 nd tide are harvested, removing the bags; in the intermittent period, the top dressing and the maintenance are carried out, and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg of triacontanol plus Vb15 mg/kg-10 mg/kg of the fungus stick is injected with water; after the 3 rd tide of summer mushroom is harvested, mixed nutrient solution with 0.01-0.05% of calcium and magnesium and 0.01-0.05% of amino acid is applied and injected into the mushroom stick along with water, so that the redifferentiation of short-age mushrooms and the robust growth of young mushrooms are promoted, and the weight of a single fruit body is increased.
2. The method for preparing and maintaining the mushroom sticks of short ages sowed in winter and spring according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the preparation of the fungus sticks, according to the characteristic that the fast-growing tree wood has a loose structure, a pulverizer is firstly used for pulverizing the poplar wood and the locust wood into wood chips, then a granulator is used for mixing the two wood chips and granulating the mixture into particles with the diameter of 0.4 cm, the poplar wood chips and the locust wood chips respectively account for 50%, the closely-woody birch with smooth skin is pulverized into the size of corn grains, then gypsum, calcium superphosphate and rice bran are dry-mixed and uniformly stirred, then the mixture is mixed with the wood chips, red sugar and magnesium sulfate are firstly dissolved in water and uniformly sprinkled on the material, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and the adding concentration is 1: 1.3 clear water, the water content of the culture material is 50-55 percent; loading the black and white fungus bags with directional fruiting, wherein one side of the black and white fungus bag is colorless and transparent, and the other half side is dark and lightproof; sterilizing and cooling to reduce the temperature of the bag to below 30 ℃, and inoculating and culturing on the colorless and transparent surface of the fungus stick; shading light, controlling the temperature of the fungus cultivation shed at 22-27 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70%.
3. The method for preparing and maintaining mushroom sticks with short ages in winter and spring sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the bacteria stick oxygenation stage, the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 25 ℃, and the air humidity is 60-65%; ventilation was performed 2 times per day for 20 minutes each time.
4. The method for preparing and maintaining the mushroom sticks of short ages sowed in winter and spring according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) in the intermittent stage, bacterial rod topdressing and maintenance stage: shading light, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 22-27 ℃, and controlling the relative humidity at 65-70%.
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| CN112335487A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-09 | 十堰香蕈科技有限公司 | Industrialized cultivation method for lentinus edodes for creating stable growth environment |
| CN112931053A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-06-11 | 上海上沅智能科技有限公司 | Nutrient bar for increasing yield of edible fungi and preparation method and application thereof |
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