CN111588827A - 治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂及其制备方法,该治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30‑50份、香附10‑20份、五灵脂10‑20份、麻黄10‑20份、皂角5‑10份、黑附子10‑20份、生姜皮10‑20份,该治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂具有温阳利水,行气消肿的功效,主治肝、肺、脾、肾功能失调所致的恶性胸腹水,用法简单,患者易于接受,利水效果明显,疗效持久。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
癌性胸、腹水(也叫恶性胸、腹腔积液)是中晚期癌症常见的并发症之一,也是部分患者的主要临床症状或体征。本病早期可无明显的症状,后期则会出现一系列常见症状如:呼吸困难、胸痛、胸闷、腹胀、纳差、口干等不适。它的产生及其发展直接影响着患者的生活质量和生存期,严重的胸、腹水甚至可危及生命。此症是西医治疗难点,一般利尿药物对此无效,而频繁的外科治疗手段如:抽水、放水等(患者只有一时舒适感),往往使胸腹水产生更快,更多,同时使机体丢失大量营养物质,如:蛋白。常规的西医疗法往往会导致患者一般状况更差,病情恶化,全身进一步衰竭。因此,有效地控制消除癌性胸腹水对延长,拯救患者的生命有重要的现实意义。
《理瀹骈文》曰:“外治之理,即内治之理。”《医学源流论》亦曰:“使药性从皮肤入腠理,通经贯络,较之服药尤有力,此致妙之法也。” 药物敷脐又是中医学中独具特色的外治法之一,春秋战国《五十二病方》就有关于肚脐贴敷药物的记载。刘河间《保命集》云:“凡水肿服药未全消者,一甘遂末涂腹,绕脐令满,内服甘草去,其肿便去。”现有技术中,多采用内服中药的方式治疗癌性胸、腹水,申请公开号为CN104258178A的发明专利,公开了一种治疗肺癌胸腔积液的药物,该药物按重量份包括:甘遂6-10份、大戟6-10份、芫花6-10份、白芥子10-15份、葶苈子12-18份、桑白皮10-14份、半夏9-12份、大枣5-10份、猪苓12-16份、茯苓12-18份、桂枝6-10份、车前草24-28份、白术12-18份、白花蛇舌草15-18份、半边莲15-18份、薏苡仁30-34份、瓜蒌皮15-30份、丹参15-30份、炙葶苈30-40份、马鞭草30-40份、苏子12-18份、法半夏12-18份、刺蒺藜12-18份、泽兰12-18份、川椒目12-18份、橘红9-12份、水蛭6-12份、薤白6-12份、杏仁10-15份、甘草6-12份、沙参10-16份、麦冬15-30份、玉竹15-30份、天花粉15-30份、地骨皮15-30份、土鳖6-10份、僵蚕15-30份、地龙15-30份、蟋蟀15-30份、蝼蛄15-30份、龙葵15-30份、干蟾皮6-10份、石见穿6-10份、苦参6-10份、山慈姑15-30份、牛蒡子15-30份、广豆根15-30份、雷公藤15-30份、鳖甲20-24份、木香10-14份、乳香10-14份、没药15-20份、白术15-20份、延胡索20-25份和白芍15-20份。该药物含有多种中药成分,内服后可能会对人体产生副作用。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,以外敷的方式对癌性胸、腹水进行治疗,效果较好且不易产生副作用。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30-50份、香附10-20份、五灵脂10-20份、麻黄10-20份、皂角5-10份、黑附子10-20份、生姜皮10-20份。
进一步地,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30份、香附10份、五灵脂10份、麻黄10份、皂角5份、黑附子10份、生姜皮10份。
上述治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加水煎煮并过滤,得到煎液,将煎液浓缩至并加入辅料,搅拌即得。
进一步地,所述煎煮的方式为:加入药材原料3-5倍质量份的水,浸泡1-2h,后煎煮1-2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料2-3倍质量份的水,煎煮1-1.5h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。
进一步地,将煎液浓缩至药材原料质量的1-2倍,得到浓缩液。
进一步地,辅料包括凝胶剂、保湿剂、中和剂以及透皮促进剂,每200mL浓缩液中加入2-3g凝胶剂,待凝胶剂溶胀后,加入3-5mL的保湿剂,搅拌均匀,后加入10-15mL的中和剂以及2-5mL的透皮促进剂,搅拌即得。
进一步地,所述凝胶剂为卡波姆,保湿剂为丙三醇,中和剂为三乙醇胺,透皮促进剂为月桂氮卓酮。
本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂含有的各原料功能如下:
泽漆 性味:味辛、苦,性微寒。归肺、小肠、大肠经。功效:行水消肿,化痰止咳,解毒杀虫。主治水气肿满,痰饮喘咳疟疾,菌痢,瘰疬,结核性瘘管,骨髓炎。
香附 性味:辛、微苦、微甘,平。归肝、脾、三焦经。功效:疏肝解郁,理气宽中,调经止痛。主治,用于肝郁气滞,胸胁胀痛,疝气疼痛,乳房胀痛,脾胃气滞,脘腹痞闷,胀满疼痛,月经不调,经闭痛经。
五灵脂 性味:苦甘,温。归肝经。功效:生用行血止痛。治心腹血气诸痛,妇女经闭,产后瘀血作痛;外治蛇、蝎、蜈蚣咬伤。炒用止血。治妇女血崩,经水过多,赤带不绝。
麻黄 性味:辛,微苦,温。归肺、膀胱经。功效:发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿。
皂角 性味:性温,味辛、咸。有小毒。归肺经、大肠经。功效:开窍祛痰、散结消肿、润燥通便。
黑附子 性味:味辛、甘,性大热,归心、肾、脾。功效:回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛。用于亡阳虚脱,肢冷脉微,心阳不足,胸痹心痛,虚寒吐泻,脘腹冷痛,肾阳虚衰,阳痿宫冷,阴寒水肿,阳虚外感,寒湿痹痛。
生姜 皮性味:味辛,性凉。归脾、肺经。功效:行水消肿,用于水肿初起,小便不利。
卡波姆:是以季戊四醇等与丙烯酸交联得到的丙烯酸交联树脂,是一类非常重要的流变调节剂,中和后的卡波是优秀的凝胶基质,有增稠、悬浮等重要用途,工艺简单,稳定性好,广泛应用于乳液、膏霜、凝胶中。
丙三醇:俗称甘油,是一种无色无臭外观呈澄清黏稠液态的有机物,除具有保湿保润功能外,还具有高活性,抗氧化,促醇化等特殊功能。
三乙醇胺:无色至淡黄色透明粘稠液体微有胺味,与卡波姆合用起到增稠作用。
月桂氮卓酮:为非极性透皮促进剂,它可使角质软化,增强通透性使药物透过皮肤屏障,提高局部或全身血药浓度,提高制剂生物利用度。对亲脂性亲水性药物均有透皮促进作用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,所用药物中的泽漆味辛苦,性微寒,具有行水消肿,解毒散结之功;香附五灵脂性味干温,有疏肝理气,行血止痛之效;麻黄,生姜皮味辛温,有宣通肺气,利水消肿之效,此外麻黄还善于开腠理,透毛窍还起到促进药物吸收的作用;黑附子辛甘,性大热,有补火助阳,散寒止痛之效;皂角性温味辛咸,有散结消肿之效;以上诸药合而成方,共奏疏肝行气,温阳利水,消肿止痛之效,且无毒副作用。
本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,具有温阳利水,行气消肿的功效,主治肝、肺、脾、肾功能失调所致的恶性胸腹水,用法简单,患者易于接受,利水效果明显,疗效持久。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30g、香附10g、五灵脂10g、麻黄10g、皂角5g、黑附子10g、生姜皮10g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料3倍质量份的水,浸泡1h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料2倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的1倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入2g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入3mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入10mL的三乙醇胺以及2mL的月桂氮卓酮。
实施例2
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30g、香附15g、五灵脂15g、麻黄18g、皂角5g、黑附子20g、生姜皮12g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料4倍质量份水,浸泡1h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料3倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的1倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入2g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入4mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入12mL的三乙醇胺以及3mL的月桂氮卓酮。
实施例3
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆50g、香附20g、五灵脂10g、麻黄12g、皂角8g、黑附子15g、生姜皮18g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料5倍质量份的水,浸泡2h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料2倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1.5h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的1倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入3g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入4mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入10mL的三乙醇胺以及4mL的月桂氮卓酮。
实施例4
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆40g、香附10g、五灵脂18g、麻黄10g、皂角10g、黑附子18g、生姜皮10g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料3倍质量份的水,浸泡1h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料3倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的2倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入2g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入5mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入15mL的三乙醇胺以及5mL的月桂氮卓酮。
实施例5
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30g、香附12g、五灵脂20g、麻黄20g、皂角5g、黑附子20g、生姜皮20g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料4倍质量份的水,浸泡2h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料2倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的1.5倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入3g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入3mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入12mL的三乙醇胺以及3mL的月桂氮卓酮。
实施例6
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆40g、香附15g、五灵脂10g、麻黄15g、皂角6g、黑附子10g、生姜皮15g。
本实施例的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加入药材原料3倍质量份的水,浸泡1h,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料3倍质量份的水,武火煮沸后用文火煎煮1.5h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。液浓缩至药材原料质量的2倍,得到浓缩液。每200mL浓缩液中加入2g卡波姆,待卡波姆溶胀后,加入4mL的丙三醇,搅拌均匀,后加入13mL的三乙醇胺以及2mL的月桂氮卓酮。
动物毒理实验:
目的:观察大鼠外敷治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂急性和长期毒性作用。
方法:20只大鼠为受试对象,分为四组,每组5只大鼠,采用4个剂量40、20、10、5ml/kg,每个剂量外敷5只大鼠,分别给予外敷连续80天,观察给药40d-80d时大鼠的生长发育、血液、组织病理变化及停药30d时的上述指标的变化。给药40d-80d时及停药30d后,大鼠体重、摄食量、活动、外周血象、重要脏器系数均正常。
结论:通过用药过程中各项指标反应的观察,未见明显毒副作用。该治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂在规定剂量下,应用是安全可靠的。
本发明的临床资料:
一、诊断标准
西医诊断标准参照《临床诊疗指南•肿瘤分册》。中医临床症状参照《中医内科学》(2003年版)中对鼓胀的分型诊断制定。具备主症及次症一项以上,结合舌象、脉象,即可诊断。
排除标准
1.合并严重心脑血管疾病,或精神障碍等疾病。
2.有严重认知和智力障碍者。
3.治疗依从性较差者。
4.治疗过程中出现严重不良反应或特殊生理变化不宜继续接受实验者。
二、治疗方案
外用本发明治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂外敷每日一次,疗程为20天。
三、疗效评价
观察指标
1. 主症改善情况,比较治疗前后两组症状的改善情况。
2. 生化:肝肾功功能的检测。
3. B超:记录胸、腹水消退情况。
4. 安全性检测:观察受试者新出现的症状和体征(发热、恶心、皮疹等);血、尿常规,心电图检查,以上指标治疗前后分别检测1次。
疗效判定标准
胸水参照WHO肿瘤治疗效果标准评定。
完全缓解(CR):治疗后胸水完全消失,彩超显示无渗液,症状明显改善,维持4周以上;
部分缓解(PR):胸水吸收50%以上,症状基本缓解,不少于4周;
稳定(NC):胸水吸收少于50%,症状改善不明显;
进展(PD):胸水未吸收或增多,病情恶化者。
腹水参照2012年中华中医药学会脾胃病分会肝硬化腹水中医诊疗规范专家共识意见。
临床缓解:腹水及肢体水肿完全消退,B超检查阴性,主要症状消失,每日尿量1200ml以上,体重、腹围恢复至腹水出现前水平,并稳定三个月及以上。
显效:腹水及肢体水肿大部分消退,B超检查腹水减少≥50%,症状明显改善,腹水明显减轻,每日尿量1000ml以上,体重减轻2kg以上,或腹围缩小>5cm.
有效:腹水及肢体有所消退,B超检查腹水减少<50%,症状略有改善,腹胀略减轻,6h尿量不足1000ml,体重有所减轻但<2kg,或腹围缩小>3cm但<5cm。
无效:腹水、体重、腹围、症状无改善或加重者。
四、结果
治疗结果如表1所示。
表1治疗结果
由表1可以看出,本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂对胸水和腹水治疗效果较为显著。
典型病例
1、梁某某,男,30岁,工人,患乙肝20余年,2019年7月确诊肝右叶巨大占位,后行介入治疗,术后3天咳嗽,发热,肝区疼痛,腹腔积液,行消炎保肝治疗,疼痛,腹胀,无有缓解,后来给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷,服药两周疼痛腹胀有所缓解,症状好转,ZDCT64层以上CT平扫加强显示,腹腔积液较前渗出减少。病情稳定已出院,打回访病人身体状况良好。
2、韩某某,男,61岁,退休职工,2017年3月确诊胰尾癌,行胰尾术后复发,纳差,腹胀,彩超显示左侧胸腔肋膈角可见少量液性暗区,水深15mm,右侧腹腔肠间隙可见不规则液性暗区水深约25mm左上腹膈下可见一液性暗区,范围约107mm×76mm,西医常规治疗无效,后来给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷,治疗一周后小便量增加,腹胀有所缓解,食欲有所改善,继续坚持治疗20天,彩超显示腹腔少量积液,双侧胸腔未见明显积液。现患者已出院,打回访病人身体状况良好,无不适。
3、毛某某,男,65岁,退休教师,2017年6月确诊原发性肝癌,行肝动脉造影+TACE术,术后纳差,腹胀,腹隐痛,上腹部CT平扫+增强显示肝硬化,腹腔少量积液,西医常规治疗症状无改善,给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷两周,腹胀,腹隐痛改善,之后又坚持外敷利水膏20天,上腹部MR平扫+增强显示腹腔少量积液,较前减少。患者病情稳定已出院,打回访偶有口腔上火,无其他不适,身体状况良好。
4、张某某,女,52岁,务农,2016年12月于解放军总医院行右乳改良根治术,术后病理显示浸润性导管癌,2017年行AC-7化疗6个周期并卡培他滨8个周期化疗。2019年3月出现胸闷就诊发现胸腔积液,心包积液,给予吉西他滨,表柔比星化疗,复查未控,病情加重。2019年11月22日来就诊,胸闷,咳嗽,双下肢浮肿明显,给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷治疗,治疗后浮肿减轻,11月27日超声检查双侧胸腔积液分别为左侧深约6.3cm,右侧深约7.3cm,11月30日再次复查,双侧胸腔积液分别为左侧深约2.0cm,右侧深约2.2cm,之后患者继续用利水膏进行治疗,2020年4月16日超声结果显示,左侧胸腔积液可探及深约1.3cm,右侧胸腔积液已完全消失,现患者病情稳固已出院。
5、李某某,女,54岁,务农,患者于2015年发现乙肝肝硬化后间断服用中药治疗,2019年3月5日检查彩超显示肝硬化肝内多发结节不除外硬化结节,2019年4月30日彩超显示肝硬化,脾大,腹水,因患者过敏体质拒服抗病毒药及西药保肝药,曾在上海北京等处服中药治疗,效果不佳,2019年6月来就诊,给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷治疗,患者用药20天后身体有很大好转,2019年7月复查报告显示腹腔探查未见液性暗区,2019年11月复查报告显示腹腔未见游离液体,目前患者病情稳定。
6、郑某某,男,56岁,务农,因咳血到医院检查确诊为小细胞肺癌,化疗3个周期后复发,胸水,胸腺转移,2014年9月22日住院进行第一次全身化疗,化疗结束后复查效果不佳,同年10月来就诊,给予本发明的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂进行外敷治疗,服药五天后患者自觉全身轻松,复查胸部显示只有很少的胸水,2014年10月23日患者出院。
Claims (7)
1.治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30-50份、香附10-20份、五灵脂10-20份、麻黄10-20份、皂角5-10份、黑附子10-20份、生姜皮10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的各原料:泽漆30份、香附10份、五灵脂10份、麻黄10份、皂角5份、黑附子10份、生姜皮10份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:取配方量的泽漆、香附、五灵脂、麻黄、皂角、黑附子、生姜皮,加水煎煮并过滤,得到煎液,将煎液浓缩至并加入辅料,搅拌即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煎煮的方式为:加入药材原料3-5倍质量份的水,浸泡1-2h,后煎煮1-2h,过滤得一级煎液,之后再加药材原料2-3倍质量份的水,煎煮1-1.5h,过滤得到二级煎液,合并一级煎液和二级煎液,得到煎液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将煎液浓缩至药材原料质量的1-2倍,得到浓缩液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,辅料包括凝胶剂、保湿剂、中和剂以及透皮促进剂,每200mL浓缩液中加入2-3g凝胶剂,待凝胶剂溶胀后,加入3-5mL的保湿剂,搅拌均匀,后加入10-15mL的中和剂以及2-5mL的透皮促进剂,搅拌即得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的治疗癌性胸、腹水的外用利水膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述凝胶剂为卡波姆,保湿剂为丙三醇,中和剂为三乙醇胺,透皮促进剂为月桂氮卓酮。
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