CN111588766A - 一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物、及其饮料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物、及其饮料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物、及其饮料的制备方法,该组合物包含活性成分和/或药学上可接受的载体,所述活性成分按质量份计,包括:山楂6‑12份,甘草1‑5份,白扁豆4‑8份、桔梗1‑5份、茯苓7‑11份,薄荷1‑5份、藿香4‑8份、金银花4‑8份、橘皮7‑11份。本发明疗效高,见效快,无毒副作用。在服用该固体饮料后,免疫力低下等症状明显减轻。临床掌握适应症使用,无明显不良作用。有效率90%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发,警醒了很多亚健康人群。长期作息和饮食不规律,缺乏运动,精神压力大等,导致人体免疫力降低,身体抵御细菌病毒和恢复能力减弱。因此,如果能开发一种能够预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,那么对整个社会将是极大的恭喜。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物。
一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,其包含活性成分和/ 或药学上可接受的载体,所述活性成分按质量份计,包括:
山楂6-12份,甘草1-5份,白扁豆4-8份、桔梗1-5份、茯苓7-11份,薄荷1-5份、藿香4-8份、金银花4-8份、橘皮7-11份。
进一步地,如上所述的具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,还包括辅料,所述辅料按质量份计,包括:
葡萄糖8-12份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.08-0.09份、蜂蜜粉0.1-1份、麦芽糊精0.01-0.1份、纯化水适量。
本发明还提供一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的颗粒固体饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮上述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)制成软材:将所有干原料置于槽型混合机中,干料混合时间为 25-30min;然后加入纯化水搅拌成均匀的软材,搅拌时间为15-20min;
8)造粒:将步骤7)所得的软材置于摇摆造粒机中经16目筛制成颗粒;
9)干燥:将步骤8)所得颗粒置于沸腾干燥床中通风干燥,温度为65℃,干燥时间为40-60min,干燥终点为水分含量<5%;
10)筛选颗粒:将步骤9)干燥后的颗粒经10目筛整粒,未通过筛子的颗粒粉碎后再重新经10目筛整粒,将两次筛取得到的颗粒汇总,再以40目筛筛去其中的细粉,得到备用颗粒;
11)包装成箱:由自动包装机完成内里包装,之后装于外面包装中,封口完成,装箱。
本发明还提供一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的泡腾片固体饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮所述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)原料混合:取淀粉、乳糖和上述方案中的提取物粉混合均匀,得到混合料,并分装成第一混合料和第二混合料;
8)碱粒制备:将第一混合料加入其等量的NaHCO3粉末混合,加入10%第一混合料重量份的淀粉浆搅拌粘合均匀并造粒,50℃下干燥得到碱粒;
9)酸粒制备:将第二混合料加入其等量的枸橼酸和其等量的苹果酸混合,加入15%第二混合料重量份的淀粉浆为粘合剂并造粒,50℃下干燥得到酸粒;
10)整粒:将所得酸粒、碱粒混合均匀后,过20目筛整粒,加入聚乙二醇,混合均匀,并用压片机压成泡腾片。
本发明中各组分的功效:
茯苓:健脾良药,既能渗湿,又可用为补肺脾,是治气虚之辅最好的佐药。
山楂:消食健胃、活血化淤,具有降压,降脂,抗氧化,增强免疫力,清除胃肠道有害细菌等作用。
甘草:清热解毒、祛痰止咳,有补脾益气,健脾胃之功效,还可防治肿瘤。
白扁豆:健脾化湿、利尿消肿、清肝明目,有一定的抗菌、抗病毒作用。
桔梗:止咳祛痰、治疗肺痈,具有镇咳、抗炎功效。
薄荷:发汗解热、疏肝理气、利咽止痛,可以提神醒脑、增强抵抗力。
藿香:驱风散寒、祛湿、发汗抗菌,霍香中含有的挥发油能促进胃液分泌,增强消化功能,缓解胃肠道痉挛和疼痛。
金银花:清热解毒、疏散风热、凉血止痢,对于身热头痛、心烦少寐、咽干口燥等均有效果。
橘皮:气味芳香,能够有效止咳去痰、益脾胃及助消化,此外还适用于胸腹胀满、消化不良及急性乳腺炎等疾病的人群。
葡萄糖:能补充体内水分和糖分,具有补充体液、供给能量、补充血糖、强心利尿、解毒等作用。
乙二胺四乙酸铁钠:为无味易融,同时具有生物活性的有机螯合铁营养强化剂。
蜂蜜粉:营养丰富、抗菌消炎、促进消化、口感好、质量稳定。
有益效果:
1)本发明组方配伍可以改善新型冠状病毒及流感引起的鼻塞、咽喉痛、头痛、呕恶反胃、身体倦怠等不适症状,对不同年龄人群具有效果。
2)本发明口感酸酸甜甜,孩子爱喝。除体内湿邪,增强人体体抗力。不添加蔗糖、色素香精等添加剂,高纯度中药提取物、科学严谨。其配方设计科学,搭配合理、口感佳,使用方便、质量稳定,且制备方法简单、易操作、绿色环保,适于工业化大生产。
3)本发明疗效高,见效快,无毒副作用。在服用该固体饮料后,免疫力低下等症状明显减轻。临床掌握适应症使用,无明显不良作用。有效率90%以上。
本方依据中医经典医籍《金匮要略》及《脾胃论》中典型方剂,并甄选药食同源成分进行了组方改良。汉代医家张仲景提出“四季脾旺不受邪”的理论,强调只有脾气健旺,才能不为外邪侵袭,免生疾病。金代著名医家李东垣则在《脾胃论》中强调和提出“夫饮食失节,寒温不适,脾胃乃伤……脾胃之虚,怠惰嗜卧,四肢不收……体重节痛,口苦舌干,食无味,大便不调,小便频数,不嗜食,食不消。兼见肺病,沥淅恶寒,惨惨不乐,面色恶而不和,乃阳气不伸故也,当升阳益胃。”
因此本方百灵清肺饮在精心钻研历代名家古方的基础上,强化补脾益肺、培土生金的中医理念,由甘、酸、辛多味合一而成。并以甘味药入脾而补脾、护脾,合酸味酸甘化阴,合辛味辛甘化阳,从而协调阴阳,调整人体正气和免疫力。本方之中,以茯苓与甘草配伍,共奏温化痰饮、健脾利湿之功;以金银花与橘皮配伍,化湿解毒,除弊而不留邪;茯苓、橘皮皆为健脾化湿之佳品,可使上乘阳位之浊邪得以消解,阳气得以归位,是以胸闷肺疾得解;以甘草与橘皮配伍,则是取橘皮降胃气、甘草和胃补虚之功,治疗呕恶反胃、大便稀溏、周身乏力等脾胃不适症候。又因脾虚则“以甘补之”,以甘味生脾,即甘味药入脾经,有益气健中、补养脾胃之功效,如本方中的茯苓、白扁豆、金银花、甘草即为甘味药物可调补脾胃,四药相配,既可温中健脾以补益营卫气血生化之源,又具有良好的养生保健作用。同时,甘草、蜂蜜顾护脾胃,使本方祛病则不伤脾胃,体虚之人和小儿亦可安心服用。
综上,本方百灵清肺饮实为抗病毒防流感,增强人体免疫力,药食同源之佳品。
附图说明
图1为优化序列进行长度分布统计图;
图2为各个样品属水平物种组成图;
图3为PCA以及PCoA结果图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,利用该组合物制备的饮料酸甜可口,药食同源,用于免疫力低下等症状,可以改善新型冠状病毒及流感引起的鼻塞、咽喉痛、头痛、呕恶反胃、身体倦怠等不适症状,对不同年龄人群具有效果。疗效高,见效快,无毒副作用。临床掌握适应症使用,无明显不良作用,有效率90%以上。
实施例1:
有效组份:山楂12份,甘草5份,白扁豆4份、桔梗5份、茯苓7份,薄荷5份、藿香4份、金银花6份、橘皮7份。
辅料:葡萄糖12份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.08份、蜂蜜粉0.1份、麦芽糊精0.01份、纯化水适量。
实施例2:
有效组份:山楂10份,甘草1份,白扁豆5份、桔梗3份、茯苓9份,薄荷4份、藿香5份、金银花8份、橘皮8份。
辅料:葡萄糖10份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.08份、蜂蜜粉1份、麦芽糊精0.05份、纯化水适量。
实施例3:
有效组份:山楂8份,甘草5份,白扁豆7份、桔梗1份、茯苓10份,薄荷3份、藿香8份、金银花5份、橘皮10份。
辅料:葡萄糖9份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.09份、蜂蜜粉0.1份、麦芽糊精0.08份、纯化水适量。
实施例4:
有效组份:山楂6份,甘草4份,白扁豆8份、桔梗2份、茯苓11份,薄荷1份、藿香7份、金银花4份、橘皮11份。
辅料:葡萄糖8份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.09份、蜂蜜粉0.5份、麦芽糊精0.1份、纯化水适量。
本发明还提供了一种适用于新型冠状病毒预防及流感防治的固体饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、
藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮所述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)制成软材:将所有干原料置于槽型混合机中,干料混合时间为 25-30min;然后加入纯化水搅拌成均匀的软材,搅拌时间为15-20min;
8)造粒:将步骤7)所得的软材置于摇摆造粒机中经16目筛制成颗粒;
9)干燥:将步骤8)所得颗粒置于沸腾干燥床中通风干燥,温度为65℃,干燥时间为40-60min,干燥终点为水分含量<5%;
10)筛选颗粒:将步骤9)干燥后的颗粒经10目筛整粒,未通过筛子的颗粒粉碎后再重新经10目筛整粒,将两次筛取得到的颗粒汇总,再以40目筛筛去其中的细粉,得到备用颗粒;
11)包装成箱:由自动包装机完成内里包装,之后装于外面包装中,封口完成,装箱。
本发明还提供一种利用所述组合物制备的泡腾片固体饮料,该泡腾片固体饮料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮所述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)原料混合:取淀粉、乳糖和上述方案中的提取物粉混合均匀,得到混合料,并分装成第一混合料和第二混合料;
8)碱粒制备:将第一混合料加入其等量的NaHCO3粉末混合,加入10%第一混合料重量份的淀粉浆搅拌粘合均匀并造粒,50℃下干燥得到碱粒;
9)酸粒制备:将第二混合料加入其等量的枸橼酸和其等量的苹果酸混合,加入15%第二混合料重量份的淀粉浆为粘合剂并造粒,50℃下干燥得到酸粒;
10)整粒:将所得酸粒、碱粒混合均匀后,过20目筛整粒,加入聚乙二醇,混合均匀,并用压片机压成泡腾片。
本发明提供的饮料制备方法制备的饮料口感酸酸甜甜,孩子爱喝。除体内湿邪,增强人体体抗力。不添加蔗糖、色素香精等添加剂,高纯度中药提取物、科学严谨。其配方设计科学,搭配合理、口感佳,使用方便、质量稳定,且制备方法简单、易操作、绿色环保,适于工业化大生产。
本发明疗效高,见效快,无毒副作用。在服用该固体饮料后,免疫力低下等症状明显减轻。临床掌握适应症使用,无明显不良作用。有效率90%以上。
天然中草药具有抗微生物的作用,尤以祛风、除湿热、解毒类中药作用更强,它们不仅能抗菌,还能抗病毒,而且无残留不良反应和不致使微生物产生耐药性等优势。中草药抗菌作用的主要方面并不在于对病原微生物的直接抑杀,而是对机体抗病修复能力的调整,即通过调动机体的一切有利因素,提高免疫功能和机体的抗病防御功能,从而祛除病邪、康复机体。中草药除有抑菌作用外,还有调理动物体功能、改善胃肠道微生物群系、增强抗病力等综合性功能。动物体内存在着相互关联的内分泌-代谢-微生态-免疫交叉网络。中草药在体内对正常菌群有影响,可促进病变组织愈合,并且同时具有免疫增强和调整作用。这种综合性作用,可能是中草药调整微生态失调的因素之一。
关于中草药在肠道微生态调节作用方面的研究显示,如健脾饮可显著降低金黄色葡萄球菌致小鼠死亡率,体外可抑制肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,对真菌菌群不仅有较强的调理作用,而且对潜在的致病性酵母菌有抑制性,体现出一定的保健或预防功效。前期采用复方健脾饮对小鼠进行抑菌试验与临床效果观察,结果表明,该组方对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等有较好的抑制作用,且具有促进双歧杆菌和乳杆菌增殖、改善肠道内菌群状况的功能。
一、健脾饮对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的实验研究
摘要:目的:观察健脾饮对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。方法:设健脾饮剂量低、中、高3个剂量实验组和蒸馏水对照组,连续给予本品配方颗粒14d,检测实验前后肠道菌群的数量变化。结果:健脾饮低剂量组对小鼠肠道菌群无显著影响,高剂量组的双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量增多,肠杆菌减少,肠球菌无变化。结论:健脾饮具有促进双歧杆菌和乳杆菌增殖、改善肠道内菌群状况的功能。
1材料与方法
1.1药物与试剂健脾饮配方颗粒由广东一方制药有限公司提供,称取健脾饮各组分药粉3.05g(1g药粉颗粒相当于3.3g生药量),加无菌蒸馏水100 ml,即为健脾饮配方颗粒的高剂量组浓度,然后分别进行3倍和6倍稀释,得到中剂量组和低剂量组的浓度,4℃保存,灌胃前复温至25~30℃。乳杆菌选择性培养基(MRS)、双歧杆菌选择性培养基(BBL)、伊红美兰培养基(EMB)、胆盐-七叶苷-叠氮钠琼脂由青岛高科园海博生物技术有限公司出品;厌氧盒、厌氧反应条由法国生物梅里埃公司出品。
1.2动物昆明种小鼠48只,清洁级,体质量18~22g,均为雄性,由南方医科大学动物中心提供。许可证号:scxk粤2006-0015。实验动物饲养温度22~25℃,相对湿度40%~70%。
1.3实验方法
1.3.1动物分组及处理48只小鼠随机分成对照组及健脾饮配方颗粒高、中、低剂量组,每组12只。高、中、低剂量组分别给予高、中、低浓度白术配方颗粒灌胃给药,每日灌胃0.1ml/10g体质量。空白组给予等量蒸馏水,每天1次,共14d。
1.3.2体质量变化观察给药前后各组小鼠称体质量。
1.3.3粪便样品处理方法在给予健脾饮配方颗粒之前以及最后1次给药后24h,无菌采取小鼠粪便0.1g,加灭菌生理盐水,10倍系列稀释至10-8,选择合适的稀释度分别接种在各培养基上。测定肠道主要菌群(培养条件及方法见表1),经菌落特征、革兰染色镜检、生化反应等鉴定计数菌落,计算出每克湿便中的菌数,取对数后进行统计处理。
1.4结果判定依据
根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003年版)的判定标准。比较实验前后自身及组间双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌的变化情况,实验组实验前后自身比较差异有显著性,或实验后实验组与对照组比较有显著性差异、且实验组实验前后自身比较有显著性差异,并符合以下任一项,可以判定该受试样品动物实验结果阳性:①粪便中双歧杆菌和/或乳杆菌明显增加,肠杆菌、肠球菌无明显变化。②粪便中双歧杆菌和/或乳杆菌明显增加,肠杆菌和/或肠球菌明显增加,但增加的幅度低于双歧杆菌/乳杆菌增加的幅度。
1.5统计方法
实验数据结果采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析,不同剂量组间与对照组的比较采用方差分析;同组自身对照前后比较采用配对t检验,以P<0.05为具有显著性差异。
2结果
2.1健脾饮对小鼠体质量的影响
从表1可见,各组小鼠的初始体质量无显著性差异(P>0.05),经口给予健脾饮配方颗粒14d后,实验组小鼠的体质量均显著增长,但各组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。说明健脾饮配方颗粒对小鼠体质量增长无影响。
综合分析不同剂量健脾饮灌胃小鼠前后微生物菌群的变化情况可以得知,健脾饮高剂量组可以促进小鼠肠道菌群中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的增殖,效果均具显著性,而且肠杆菌数量也明显减少,但对肠球菌无抑制作用。本实验研究提示,健脾饮具有促进肠道菌群中的有益菌双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的增殖、改善肠道内菌群状况的功能。本实验可为健脾饮的功能评价提供动物实验依据,也可药食两用配方的开发提供实验室证据。
二、百灵清肺饮对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的实验研究(本方前期实验研究)
探讨百灵清肺饮对免疫力低下模型小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响。将48只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、百灵清肺饮组、柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片(SASP)组,每组12只。将除空白组外的其余各组小鼠用利血平法造脾虚模型。然后给予百灵清肺饮、SASP分别灌胃治疗后,通过16SrDNA测序法分析肠道菌群多样性变化。结果表明:与模型组比较,百灵清肺饮组中的肠道菌群多样性明显升高,但与西药组中的肠道菌群多样性有差异。说明百灵清肺饮能通过改善肠道菌群的多样性调理免疫力低下证。
众所周知,动物的肠道内栖息着大量的微生物,肠道内的微生物菌群不仅可以与机体进行物质与信息交换,而且能参与宿主的代谢,生理性调控重要化学物质转换,维持机体的正常运行。正常情况下,肠道菌群与机体保持相对平衡的关系,一旦这种平衡被打破,肠道菌群失调,就会引起机体的疾病。祖国医学认为,脾与肠道消化的吸收关系密切,脾虚引起腹泻、乏力、易感冒和感染等一系列免疫力低下症候群,继而导致肠道菌群的失调与紊乱。
我们通过16SrDNA测序的方法研究百灵清肺饮对肠道菌群失调和免疫力低下的调理作用,为百灵清肺饮在分子生物方面的研究奠定基础。
1材料与方法
1.1动物及分组
清洁级昆明小鼠50只,雌雄各半。由长春中医药大学实验动物中心提供。鼠粮由广州医学实验动物中心提供(主要成分有玉米、豆粕、麸皮等)。小鼠按随机数字表法随机分成4组,即正常组、模型组、百灵清肺饮组、SASP组。每组12只,分笼饲养。本试验经过长春中医药大学动物伦理审核通过和许可。
1.2药物和试剂
百灵清肺饮各组分:生药浓度1g.mL-1,购自天津康仁堂药业。利血平(批号101207),广东邦民制药厂有限公司;柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片(SASP,批号2011030),上海中西三维药业有限公司;天根粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒(离心柱型、目录号:DP328),天根PCRmix,AxyPrepDNA GeIExtractionKit(Axygen,AP-GX-500)。
1.3造模方法
正常组给予生理盐水0.3mg.kg-1腹腔注射;其余各组腹腔注射利血平0.3mg.kg-1。每天1次,连续9d。每天观察小鼠的外观体征及症状。利血平造模3d后,脾虚证免疫力低下模型组小鼠活动减少,精神萎靡,扎堆嗜卧,第5 天出现消瘦、大便稀溏、肛周有污物、毛色枯槁不荣、食量减少、饮水、排泄量下降;第9天体重明显下降。这些症状符合文献标准及卫生部药政司“关于中药治疗脾虚证的临床研究指导原则”的脾虚证诊断标准。表明脾虚免疫力低下模型小鼠复制成功。
1.4给药方法及剂量
造模成功后,灌胃给药,每天1次,连续10d,正常组及模型组给予无菌生理盐水,百灵清肺饮组按体重以2mL.kg-1给予,SASP组0.5g·(d·只)-1。
1.5药物疗效观察
每3D称重1次,每天收集各组小鼠的新鲜粪便,置-80℃冰箱保存(共采集到126个样),观察小鼠造模前、造模后及治疗后的外观体征、精神状态。
1.6 DNA的提取
称取上述采取的小鼠粪便样本至2mL离心管中,并将管置于冰上。然后按照天根粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒说明书提取粪便中细菌的DNA。使用的Spectrophotometry分光光度计测定DNA的浓度(热电公司,美国)。吸取5μL所提取的DNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析其质量和数量。将提取好的DNA贮存在-20℃直至使用。
1.7 PCR扩增
以上述提取好的细菌基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增。
Primer F=Illumina adapter sequence 1+CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG
Primer R=Illumina adapter sequence 2+GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC
扩增程序为:
1.8 16SrDNA文库构建并测序
1.8.1构建文库利用TruSeq文库构建试剂盒构建文库。通过3′-5′核酸外切酶及聚合酶的共同作用,修复带有突出末端的DNA片段。在修复平整的DNA片段3′端引入单碱基“A”,接头的3′末端含有单碱基“T”,从而保证DNA片段和接头能够通过“A”、“T”互补配对连接,并防止接头连接DNA片段的过程中,DNA片段彼此相连。在连接酶的作用下,孵育含有标签的接头与DNA片段,使其相连。利用PCR选择性地富集两端连有接头的DNA片段,同时扩增DNA文库。PCR应尽量使用较少的循环数,避免PCR扩增中文库出现错误。利用荧光分光光度计法定量文库。
1.8.2均一化文库将多样品DNA文库均一化至10nmol·L-1后等体积混合。
1.8.3上机测序将混合好的文库(10nmol·L-1)逐步稀释定量至4~5pmol·L-1后用IlluminaMiSeq测序仪测序。进行生物信息分析。
本研究的测序和生物信息服务在上海天昊生物科技有限公司完成。
2.实验结果
2.1数据质控统计结果
对得到的优化序列进行总序列数、总碱基数、序列平均长度统计,统计结果见表2:
表2
样本总数目 | 总序列数 | 总碱基数 | 平均长度(bp) |
50 | 6972460 | 2921475246 | 419 |
基于Illumina Meq测序平台对16S rDNA的V3-V4高变区的测序结果表明, 50例样本经测序共计得到6972460条有效序列,总碱基数为2921475246,平均长度为419bp。对得到的优化序列进行长度分布统计,统计结果见图1。
2.2多样本物种组成柱状图
最常用于展示每个样本物种组成的可视化分析方法之一,在某一分类水平上将每个样本的物种组成绘制成柱状图展示在一张图上,可以更直观地同时观测到每个样本的物种组成、同组样本物种组成的一致性、以及样本/分组间物种组成差异,本分析默认选择相对丰度大于1%的物种绘制柱状图。各个样品属水平物种组成图如下:
上图横坐标代表样品,纵坐标代表各菌落丰度,从图中可看到各个样品之间菌落丰度的差异,由图中可看菌落变化主要体现在lactobacillus、Unassigned 以及Bacteroides等菌落。而各组份之间各菌落也具有显著差异,以lactobacillus 为例,模型组相对空白组丰度明显降低,而经过治疗后有所提升,其中百灵清肺饮组提升效果最理想,已超过原对照组。
2.3多样本物种组成柱状图
最常用于展示每个样本物种组成的可视化分析方法之一,在某一分类水平上将每个样本的物种组成绘制成柱状图展示在一张图上,可以更直观地同时观测到每个样本的物种组成、同组样本物种组成的一致性、以及样本/分组间物种组成差异,本分析默认选择相对丰度大于1%的物种绘制柱状图。各个样品属水平物种组成图如图2所示:图2横坐标代表样品,纵坐标代表各菌落丰度,从图中可看到各个样品之间菌落丰度的差异,由图中可看菌落变化主要体现在 lactobacillus、Unassigned以及Bacteroides等菌落。而各组份之间各菌落也具有显著差异,以lactobacillus为例,模型组相对空白组丰度明显降低,而经过治疗后有所提升,其中百灵清肺饮组提升效果最理想,已超过原对照组。
2.4 Beta多样性分析结构:
PCA以及PCoA结果图如图3所示:
以上是通过不同维度体现微生物菌群结构变化,其中模型组相对空白组菌群结构有显著变化,经过治疗后菌群结构又有所变化。结合临床效果各治疗手段均有不同效果,通过菌群结构可以观察到百灵清肺饮组菌群结构在横轴上更类似于空白组,而其他实验组与空白组比较结构上还有所差异,说明百灵清肺饮组的治疗效果更好。
3.结论
上述实验结果表明,小鼠造模后肠道中拟杆菌属比例增加,而乳杆菌属的比例明显减少。普雷沃菌属的比例减少。说明免疫力低下症候群如脾虚腹泻造成肠道菌群的结构发生改变。其中与以往不同的是造模后拟杆菌的比例并没有减少,反而增加。提示拟杆菌作为肠道优势菌属,在不同动物不同群体之间存在差异。治疗后百灵清肺饮组中乳杆菌属的增长比例最大,与自然恢复的模型组相比,治疗后百灵清肺饮组和西药组中的肠球菌属的比例明显增加。乳杆菌属为肠道内的优势有益菌属,能够调节肠道内的正常菌群的比例,维持肠道生态平衡。结果中乳杆菌增加提示,百灵清肺饮治疗小鼠免疫力低下,不仅可以增加肠道菌群益生菌的比例,同时能够增加肠道菌群的多样性。由此得出结论:百灵清肺饮能通过改善肠道菌群的多样性,调理脾虚证,从而机体的增强免疫力。
三、百灵清肺饮对患者免息系统调节能力的临床研究
随着社会发展速度的加快,现代人生活节奏加快,竞争压力加大,长期熬夜,精神紧张、焦虑,饮食不规律,缺乏运动,则易导致脾胃运化功能失调,湿邪内生,加之冬季暖气及夏季空调的反季节影响,导致人体汗出不畅,湿郁化热、湿热秽浊之邪内伏而无出路,遂蕴毒化火。现代人湿浊郁久、蕴毒化火的易感体质状态,遇上冬春季节寒邪夹时行疫毒的侵袭,外寒内火,气机郁闭不通,便很容易感发季节性流感。百灵清肺饮正是基于现代人内有郁火,外易感寒疫的特点而制定。
本研究以100名脾胃虚寒的临床患者为研究对象,通过观察患者治愈率的变化以检验百灵清肺饮对人体提高免疫功能和机体的抗病防御的疗效。现代研究认为,脾胃功能可能与消化、血液、内分泌和神经系统有密切联系,且与免疫功能有关。本研究发挥中医辨证施治的特色,针对脾胃虚寒最常见的畏寒、乏力、食欲差、便溏、便秘、睡眠质量差、易感冒、过敏、易感染患者,利用药食同源的中药代茶饮改善其症状。
采用相同的纳入及排除标准,按照单盲随机原则将患者随机分为实验组与对照组各50例,两组均采用常规基础治疗,实验组加用中药代茶饮治疗方法, 2周为1个疗程,共观察2个疗程,计4周。脾胃虚寒的100例患者中,实验组总有效率高于高于对照组为84%。
本研究结果显示百灵清肺饮可有效改善脾胃虚寒最常见的畏寒、乏力、食欲差、便溏、便秘、睡眠质量差、易感冒、过敏、易感染的症状。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,其包含活性成分和/或药学上可接受的载体,其特征在于,所述活性成分按质量份计,包括:
山楂6-12份,甘草1-5份,白扁豆4-8份、桔梗1-5份、茯苓7-11份,薄荷1-5份、藿香4-8份、金银花4-8份、橘皮7-11份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的组合物,还包括辅料,所述辅料按质量份计,包括:
葡萄糖8-12份、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠0.08-0.09份、蜂蜜粉0.1-1份、麦芽糊精0.01-0.1份、纯化水适量。
3.一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的颗粒固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮上述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)制成软材:将所有干原料置于槽型混合机中,干料混合时间为25-30min;然后加入纯化水搅拌成均匀的软材,搅拌时间为15-20min;
8)造粒:将步骤7)所得的软材置于摇摆造粒机中经16目筛制成颗粒;
9)干燥:将步骤8)所得颗粒置于沸腾干燥床中通风干燥,温度为65℃,干燥时间为40-60min,干燥终点为水分含量<5%;
10)筛选颗粒:将步骤9)干燥后的颗粒经10目筛整粒,未通过筛子的颗粒粉碎后再重新经10目筛整粒,将两次筛取得到的颗粒汇总,再以40目筛筛去其中的细粉,得到备用颗粒;
11)包装成箱:由自动包装机完成内里包装,之后装于外面包装中,封口完成,装箱。
4.一种具有预防和治疗新型冠状病毒及流感的泡腾片固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:分别精选药材山楂、甘草、白扁豆、桔梗、茯苓、薄荷、藿香、金银花、橘皮进行挑拣、洗涤,除去不良品种及杂质、灰尘;
2)提取:加入药材重量5-20倍的水,分别煎煮所述精选药材1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液一,再用滤渣重量5-10倍的水煎煮滤渣,1.5-2小时后过滤得滤液二,合并两次滤液;
3)真空减压浓缩:将步骤2)得到的合并滤液置于真空环境中,蒸干水分,得稠状浸膏;
4)真空喷雾干燥:将步骤3)得到的浸膏经真空喷雾干燥,得干膏粉,水分含量≤5%;
5)过筛:将步骤4)的干膏粉,粉碎过筛,分别得到山楂提取物粉、甘草提取物粉、白扁豆提取物粉、桔梗提取物粉、茯苓提取物粉、薄荷提取物粉、藿香提取物粉、金银花提取物粉、和橘皮提取物粉;
6)称量配料:按照配方用量比例,称取所需各原材料;
7)原料混合:取淀粉、乳糖和上述方案中的提取物粉混合均匀,得到混合料,并分装成第一混合料和第二混合料;
8)碱粒制备:将第一混合料加入其等量的NaHCO3粉末混合,加入10%第一混合料重量份的淀粉浆搅拌粘合均匀并造粒,50℃下干燥得到碱粒;
9)酸粒制备:将第二混合料加入其等量的枸橼酸和其等量的苹果酸混合,加入15%第二混合料重量份的淀粉浆为粘合剂并造粒,50℃下干燥得到酸粒;
10)整粒:将所得酸粒、碱粒混合均匀后,过20目筛整粒,加入聚乙二醇,混合均匀,并用压片机压成泡腾片。
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