CN111587748A - Cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587748A CN111587748A CN202010486446.5A CN202010486446A CN111587748A CN 111587748 A CN111587748 A CN 111587748A CN 202010486446 A CN202010486446 A CN 202010486446A CN 111587748 A CN111587748 A CN 111587748A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat, which comprises the steps of variety selection, seed sunning, seed selection, medicament seed dressing, sowing, fertilizer management, water stress, harvesting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat.
Background
Tartary buckwheat belongs to the Polygonaceae and is typical embodiment of the homologous culture of medicine and food in China. Tartary buckwheat is known as the king of five cereals and is a food for reducing blood pressure, blood sugar and blood fat. The tartary buckwheat has unique, comprehensive and rich nutrient components, good medicinal characteristics and various nutrient components necessary for human bodies. According to records of compendium of materia medica, tartary buckwheat is bitter in taste and neutral and cold in nature, and can strengthen intestines and stomach, tonify qi, continue spirit, benefit ears and eyes, and refine dregs and filth of five internal organs; tartary buckwheat is recorded in Qianjin Yao Fang, Chinese medicine dictionary and related documents, and has the effects of soothing the nerves, activating qi and blood, lowering qi, widening the intestines, clearing away heat, swelling and pain, removing stagnation, clearing away the bowels, moistening the intestines, relaxing the bowels, relieving cough, relieving asthma, resisting inflammation, resisting allergy, strengthening the heart, losing weight, beautifying and the like.
The plants have abundant secondary metabolites, and the secondary metabolites in the plants play a main role in treating diseases of people. In the case of plants under stress, secondary metabolites are produced in large quantities in plants to cope with stress damage, especially when drought stress occurs. A large number of plant researches find that drought stress plants can promote the phenomenon that the accumulation of secondary metabolites generated by the plants is increased, such as salvia miltiorrhiza, caraway, figwort roots, radix bupleuri and the like. Although drought stress can promote plants to accumulate more secondary metabolites, the drought stress cannot exceed the tolerance range of the plants, and the content of the secondary metabolites is reduced when the drought stress exceeds the tolerance range. The study finds that the phenolic metabolites of the sage are increased under moderate drought, and the metabolites of the sage are reduced under severe drought. The genuine medicinal materials are medicinal materials produced under specific conditions, and the medicinal materials can have more remarkable medicinal effects. The genuine medicinal materials are not planted under high-quality conditions of sufficient water, fertilizers and the like, but mainly comprise medicinal plants capable of secreting and accumulating the most medicinal components under certain stress environments (such as drought stress). The effective medicinal components in the plant body dynamically change along with the change of drought stress, and the disease treatment or health care effect of the plant as the medicinal material also changes along with the change. The secondary metabolites are protective substances in the plant body, can also inhibit the growth of other plants, improve the self competitiveness, and can stimulate the release and accumulation of the secondary metabolites in the plant body under the stress (drought stress), thereby being beneficial to improving the content of effective components and finally being beneficial to the exertion of pharmacological activity. But related researches on tartary buckwheat are lacked at home and abroad at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat.
A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 2-3 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny dry places for sun-drying;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing seeds with a mixture of poison and spicery accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stacking for 3-4 hours after uniformly stirring, spreading and airing;
(3) sowing: adopting drill seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.32-0.34m, and the planting density is 95-105 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Fertilizer management: the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed by 130 and 140kg/hm265-75kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2And potash fertilizer 4.5-5.5kg/hm2Uniformly mixing the three fertilizers, and applying the three fertilizers as a base fertilizer at one time;
(5) water stress: when the water potential of the soil reaches-40 to-50 kPa, watering to restore the water potential of the soil to-20 to-30 kPa until the tartary buckwheat grains are mature;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when 75% -100% of seeds of tartary buckwheat plants are mature.
The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the step (2) of changing the medicament seed dressing into medicament fertilizer dressing and mixing the poisonous and pungent mixture with 1000 g/mu to the plots with serious underground pests, mixing the mixture with the compound fertilizer, scattering the mixture into the rows, and sowing and covering the seeds.
The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat is characterized in that the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (4) is urea.
The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat is characterized in that the phosphate fertilizer in the step (4) contains P2O514% of calcium superphosphate.
The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the step (4) of adding K into the potash fertilizer2O60% potassium chloride.
Compared with the prior art, the method has obvious beneficial effects, and the scheme shows that the method utilizes the irrigation technology of 'mild drought-rehydration', so that the tartary buckwheat is in mild drought stress treatment, the accumulation of the secondary metabolites of the tartary buckwheat is stimulated to be increased, the pharmacological activity of the tartary buckwheat is improved, the blood sugar and blood fat reducing capability of the tartary buckwheat is improved, the immunoregulation capability of the tartary buckwheat on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is improved, and the degree of body stress is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 2 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny and dry places for sun planting;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing seeds with a mixture of poison and spicery in an amount of 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stacking for 3 hours after uniformly stirring, spreading and airing;
(3) sowing: adopting a drilling seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.34m, and the planting density is 95 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Fertilizer management: nitrogen fertilizer 140kg/hm265kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2And 5.5kg/hm of potash fertilizer2Uniformly mixing the three fertilizers, and applying the three fertilizers as a base fertilizer at one time;
(5) water stress: when the water potential of the soil reaches-40 kPa, watering to restore the water potential of the soil to-30 kPa until the tartary buckwheat grains are mature;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when 75% of seeds of the tartary buckwheat plant are mature.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 2 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny and dry places for sun planting;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing the seeds with 0.4% phoxim and chlorpyrifos (a mixture of chlorpyrifos) by weight of the seeds, stacking for 3.5 hours after uniformly stirring, spreading and airing;
(3) sowing: adopting a drilling seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.33m, and the planting density is 100 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Fertilizer management: nitrogen fertilizer 135kg/hm2(Urea) and 70kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2(superphosphate, containing P)2O514%) and potash fertilizer 5kg/hm2(Potassium chloride, containing K)2O60%), mixing the three fertilizers uniformly and applying the mixture once with a base fertilizer;
(5) water stress: when the soil water potential reaches-45 kPa, watering to restore the soil water potential to-25 kPa;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when 85% of seeds of the tartary buckwheat plant are mature.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 3 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny dry places for sun planting;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing seeds with a mixture of poison and spicery in an amount of 0.3% of the weight of the seeds, stacking for 4 hours after uniformly stirring, spreading and airing;
(3) sowing: adopting a drilling seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.32m, and the planting density is 105 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Fertilizer management: nitrogen fertilizer 130kg/hm275kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2And potash fertilizer 4.5kg/hm2Uniformly mixing the three fertilizers, and applying the three fertilizers as a base fertilizer at one time;
(5) water stress: when the water potential of the soil reaches-50 kPa, watering to restore the water potential of the soil to-20 kPa until the tartary buckwheat grains are mature;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when 100% of seeds of the tartary buckwheat plant are mature.
Example 4
A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 2 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny and dry places for sun planting;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing with 0.4% of phoxim and chlorpyrifos (mixture of chlorpyrifos) by weight of seed, stacking for 3.5 hr, spreading, and air drying to prevent underground insects such as cutworm, grub, wireworm, etc.; for the plots with serious underground pests, the pesticide dressing is changed into pesticide dressing fertilizer, and the toxic and pungent mixture is mixed with the compound fertilizer and then is scattered into the rows, wherein the pesticide dressing fertilizer is 1000 g/mu;
the compound fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer 135kg/hm2(Urea) and 70kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2(superphosphate, containing P)2O514%) and potash fertilizer 5kg/hm2(Potassium chloride, containing K)2O60%), 3 kinds of fertilizers are uniformly mixed and then applied once by a base fertilizer, and no fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period;
(3) sowing: adopting a drilling seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.33m, and the planting density is 100 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Water stress: when the water potential of the soil reaches-45 kPa, watering to restore the water potential of the soil to-25 kPa until the tartary buckwheat grains are mature;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when 85% of seeds of the tartary buckwheat plant are mature.
Test example:
table 1 mouse immune index (n ═ 10) (x ± s) after gavage administration
(1) Inflammatory factor TNF- α: the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-high dose group (269.3pg/ml) and the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-high dose group (168.41pg/ml) have TNF-alpha release concentrations lower than those of the model group (290.49pg/ml), so that the immune regulation capability of the mild drought tartary buckwheat on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is enhanced, and the forced damage degree of an organism is reduced;
(2)CD4+(helper T cell): tartary buckwheat with mild drought stress-CD 4 in high dose group+The concentration (1.38U/ml) is higher than that of the model group (1.31U/ml), the infection resistance of phagocytes and the immune response of B cells can be enhanced, and the condition shows that the immune regulation capability of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can be improved by the tartary buckwheat in the mild drought stress high-dose group;
(3)CD8+(toxic T cells): tartary buckwheat with mild drought stress-CD 8 in high dose group+The concentration (23.43U/ml) is slightly higher than that of the 8-m model group (23.05U/ml), the capability of inhibiting or killing target cells can be enhanced, and the condition that the tartary buckwheat in the mild drought stress high-dose group improves the immunoregulation capability of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is shown.
TABLE 2 mouse blood lipid index (mmol/l) (n ═ 10) (x. + -.s) after gavage administration
(1) T-CHO (serum Total Cholesterol): the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-high dose group (5.05mmol/l) is far lower than the model group (10.67mmol/l), which shows that the mild drought stress high dose group has better capability of reducing blood fat;
(2) TG (triglyceride): the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-high dose group (0.64mmol/l) is far lower than the model group (1.36mmol/l), which shows that the mild drought stress high dose group has better capability of reducing blood fat;
(3) HDL-C (high density lipoprotein): the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-low dose group (1.14mmol/l) is far higher than the model group (0.83mmol/l), which shows that the mild drought stress low dose group has better capability of reducing blood fat;
(4) (4) LDL-C (Low Density protein): the mild drought stress tartary buckwheat-low dose group (1.90mmol/l) is far lower than the model group (2.70mmol/l), which shows that the mild drought stress low dose group has better capability of reducing blood fat.
Table 3 fasting plasma glucose index (mmol/l) (n ═ 10) (x ± s) for mice
Blood glucose value after gastric lavage: the blood sugar value (10.9mmol/l) of the low drought stress tartary buckwheat-high dose group is far lower than that of the model group (13.7mmol/l), which indicates that the low drought stress high dose group has obvious blood sugar reducing capability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a tartary buckwheat variety with higher total flavone content;
(2) seed treatment:
sun-drying seeds: 2-3 days before sowing, selecting sunny weather, spreading the seeds on sunny dry places for sun-drying;
selecting seeds: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting or grain sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
③ dressing seeds with medicament: mixing seeds with a mixture of poison and spicery accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stacking for 3-4 hours after uniformly stirring, spreading and airing;
(3) sowing: adopting drill seeding mode, the row spacing is 0.32-0.34m, and the planting density is 95-105 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) Fertilizer management: the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed by 130 and 140kg/hm265-75kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2And potash fertilizer 4.5-5.5kg/hm2Uniformly mixing the three fertilizers, and applying the three fertilizers as a base fertilizer at one time;
(5) water stress: when the water potential of the soil reaches minus 40 to minus 50kPa, watering to restore the water potential of the soil to minus 20 to minus 30kPa until the tartary buckwheat grains are mature;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when 75% -100% of seeds of tartary buckwheat plants are mature.
2. The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), for the land with serious soil insects, the pesticide dressing is changed into pesticide dressing, the pesticide and the fertilizer are mixed with 1000 g/mu of the toxicant, the mixture is scattered into the rows after being mixed with the compound fertilizer, and then the seeds are sowed and covered.
3. The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (4) is urea.
4. The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer in step (4) is P-containing2O514% of calcium superphosphate.
5. The cultivation method for improving pharmacological activity of tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potassium fertilizer in step (4) contains K2O60% potassium chloride.
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Application publication date: 20200828 |