CN110972858A - Wild angelica sinensis introduction and cultivation method - Google Patents
Wild angelica sinensis introduction and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972858A CN110972858A CN201911228321.6A CN201911228321A CN110972858A CN 110972858 A CN110972858 A CN 110972858A CN 201911228321 A CN201911228321 A CN 201911228321A CN 110972858 A CN110972858 A CN 110972858A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Abstract
The invention discloses an introduction and cultivation method of wild angelica, and belongs to the technical field of angelica cultivation. The method comprises the steps of seed collection, preservation, pre-sowing treatment, preparation of a seed dressing agent, seed dressing, seedling raising, transplanting, field management, harvesting, storage and the like; the wild angelica is introduced for planting to improve the yield and the quality of the angelica, solve the problem of insufficient yield of the wild angelica and simultaneously solve the problem that the effective components in the angelica are reduced after multi-generation artificial planting to influence the drug effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese angelica cultivation, and particularly relates to an introduction cultivation method of wild Chinese angelica.
Background
Dang Gui, also known as Gui Gao or Xi Dang Gui and Tu Dang Gui, is a perennial herb. The whole plant of angelica has specific fragrance, the root of angelica can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine, has good effects of enriching and activating blood, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and relaxing bowel, can effectively treat irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and dysmenorrheal, blood deficiency and sallow complexion, dizziness and palpitation, and has a long planting history in China. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the living standard of the substances of people, the demand of angelica sinensis leaves is continuously improved because the angelica sinensis leaves contain rich vitamins, amino acids and minerals and are applied to dish making, porridge cooking and soup making by people, but the medicine property of the angelica sinensis leaves is far different from that of wild angelica sinensis after artificial domestication for many years, and the angelica sinensis has the purpose of treating diseases and saving people as a medicinal material, so the medicine property is a key factor of the angelica sinensis, but the number of the wild angelica sinensis is limited, the requirements of people cannot be met, in order to ensure the quality of the angelica sinensis, seeds need to be replaced after each year of planting, namely, the wild angelica sinensis is introduced again for cultivation, so that the quality of the angelica sinensis is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention solves the problem of the degradation of the quality of the cultivated Chinese angelica, thereby providing the introduction cultivation method of the wild Chinese angelica, which treats the seeds of the wild Chinese angelica by low-temperature preservation and seed soaking, not only improves the germination rate, but also reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and further improves the quality and the yield of the Chinese angelica.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica comprises the following steps:
s1, seed collection: collecting full wild angelica seeds from late 8 months to last 9 months;
s2, seed preservation: naturally drying the collected seeds until the water content is 12-15%, and then putting the seeds into a kraft paper bag for constant-temperature preservation at-13 ℃;
s3, pretreatment of sowing: taking out seeds 8-10 days before sowing, spreading and drying to normal temperature, soaking seeds for 2h in clear water, soaking seeds for 8h in sodium carbonate aqueous solution, taking out and drying the seeds in the air; preserving at 37 ℃ and 82-87% humidity for 12h, and soaking seeds in a mixed solution of 1-naphthalene methoxy acetic acid, IAA, gibberellin and capsaicin for 40min, wherein the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.02%;
s4, preparing a seed dressing agent: crushing and sterilizing the dry pig manure and the dry chicken manure, and fully and uniformly mixing the crushed dry pig manure and the dry chicken manure with wheat bran, chitin and field soil to obtain a seed dressing agent;
s5, seed dressing: uniformly mixing the seeds soaked in the step S3 with a seed dressing agent;
s6, seedling culture: sowing the seeds in a seedbed, then, culturing seedlings at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the humidity of 78-85%, wherein the illumination time is more than 12h after germination;
s6, transplanting: selecting a cool, moist, loose and fertile sandy soil land, uniformly spreading an insecticide and farmyard manure, and deeply ploughing by 40-50 cm; making furrows with the width of 60-70cm, the height of 12-15cm and the distance of 25-30cm after the farmland is sunned for 25-30 days; transplanting 2-3 lines in each ridge;
s7, field management:
A) weeding: artificially weeding when the weeds among seedlings influence the growth of angelica seedlings;
B) topdressing: topdressing is carried out twice, the first topdressing is carried out when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 8-10cm, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5:3: 2; performing secondary topdressing on the compound fertilizer when the roots of the angelica sinensis grow in autumn, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 3:4: 1;
C) pest control;
s8, harvesting and storing: and (6) harvesting at proper time.
Further, the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is 0.1-0.3%.
Further, the mass ratio of the 1-naphthylmethoxy acetic acid, the IAA, the gibberellin and the capsaicin in the mixed solution is 4:4:12: 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing agent is 1: 55-60.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the wild angelica is introduced for planting, so that the problem of insufficient yield of the wild angelica is solved, and the problem that the effective components in the angelica are reduced to influence the pesticide effect after multi-generation planting is also solved;
2) the seed preservation method can improve the budding rate of wild angelica seeds, reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the angelica in the planting process and solve the problem that pesticide residues in the Chinese traditional medicine do not reach the standard.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for introducing and cultivating wild Angelica sinensis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing germination rates of seeds in different storage modes according to the method for introducing and cultivating wild Angelica sinensis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica comprises the following steps:
s1, seed collection: collecting full wild angelica seeds from late 8 months to early 9 months;
s2, seed preservation: naturally drying the collected seeds until the water content is 13%, and then placing the seeds into a kraft paper bag for constant-temperature preservation at-13 ℃;
s3, pretreatment of sowing: taking out seeds 10 days before sowing, spreading and drying to normal temperature, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by clear water, soaking the seeds for 8 hours by a sodium carbonate aqueous solution, taking out and drying the seeds, and then preserving heat in a constant temperature box at 37 ℃ for 12 hours, wherein the humidity of the constant temperature box is 87%; then soaking seeds in a mixed solution with the mass concentration of 0.02% for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the 1-naphthylmethoxyacetic acid, the IAA, the gibberellin and the capsaicin in the mixed solution is 4:4:12:1, and the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is 0.1%;
s4, preparing a seed dressing agent: taking 10 parts of dry pig manure and 10 parts of dry chicken manure, crushing, then adding 8 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of chitin and 30 parts of field soil, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a seed dressing agent;
s5, seed dressing: uniformly mixing the seeds soaked in the step S3 with a seed dressing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing agent is 1: 57;
s6, seedling culture: sowing seeds uniformly mixed with the seed dressing agent in a prepared seedbed, then keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, the humidity at 85 percent and the illumination time after germination at more than 12 hours;
s6, transplanting: selecting a cool, moist, loose and fertile sandy soil land, uniformly spreading an insecticide and farmyard manure, and deeply ploughing for 50 cm; making furrows with the width of 70cm, the height of 14cm and the distance of 27cm after the farmland is sunned for 30 days; transplanting 3 lines in each ridge;
s7, field management:
D) weeding, namely artificially weeding when the inter-seedling weeds influence the growth of angelica seedlings;
E) topdressing: the first dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 10cm, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5:3:2, the second dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica roots grow in autumn, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 3:4: 1;
F) and (3) pest control: according to the disease condition, preventing and treating in time;
s8, harvesting and storing: harvesting in good time, selecting proper tool during harvesting to prevent damage to the epidermis of radix Angelicae sinensis during harvesting and transportation.
Example 2
The invention discloses an introduction cultivation method of wild angelica, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed collection: collecting full wild angelica seeds from late 8 months to last 9 months;
s2, seed preservation: naturally drying the collected seeds until the water content is 12%, and then placing the seeds into a kraft paper bag for constant-temperature preservation at-13 ℃;
s3, pretreatment of sowing: taking out seeds 8 days before sowing, spreading and airing to normal temperature, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by clear water, soaking the seeds for 8 hours by using a sodium carbonate aqueous solution, taking out and airing the seeds, and then preserving heat in a constant temperature box at 37 ℃ for 12 hours, wherein the humidity of the constant temperature box is 82%; then soaking seeds in a mixed solution with the mass concentration of 0.02% for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the 1-naphthylmethoxyacetic acid, the IAA, the gibberellin and the capsaicin in the mixed solution is 4:4:12:1, and the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is 0.3%;
s4, preparing a seed dressing agent: taking 10 parts of dry pig manure and 10 parts of dry chicken manure, crushing, then adding 8 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of chitin and 30 parts of field soil, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a seed dressing agent;
s5, seed dressing: uniformly mixing the seeds soaked in the step S3 with a seed dressing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing agent is 1: 55;
s6, seedling culture: sowing the seeds in a seedbed, then, culturing seedlings at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 78%, wherein the illumination time is more than 12h after the seeds are germinated;
s6, transplanting: selecting a cool, moist, loose and fertile sandy soil land, uniformly spreading an insecticide and farmyard manure, and deeply ploughing for 40 cm; after the field is sunned for 25 days, furrows with the width of 60cm, the height of 12cm and the distance of 25cm are made; transplanting 2 lines in each ridge;
s7, field management:
A) weeding, namely artificially weeding when the inter-seedling weeds influence the growth of angelica seedlings;
B) topdressing: the first dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 10cm, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5:3:2, the second dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica roots grow in autumn, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 3:4: 1;
C) and (3) pest control: according to the disease condition, preventing and treating in time;
s8, harvesting and storing: harvesting in good time, selecting proper tool during harvesting to prevent damage to the epidermis of radix Angelicae sinensis during harvesting and transportation.
Example 3
The invention discloses an introduction cultivation method of wild angelica, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed collection: collecting full wild angelica seeds from late 8 months to last 9 months;
s2, seed preservation: naturally drying the collected seeds until the water content is 15%, and then placing the seeds into a kraft paper bag for constant-temperature preservation at-13 ℃;
s3, pretreatment of sowing: taking out the seeds 8 days before sowing, spreading and drying to normal temperature, soaking the seeds for 2 hours in clear water, soaking the seeds for 8 hours in a sodium carbonate aqueous solution, taking out and drying the seeds in the air; preserving at the constant temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of 84% for 12h, and then soaking seeds in a mixed solution with the mass concentration of 0.02% for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of 1-naphthalene methoxy acetic acid, IAA, gibberellin and capsaicin in the mixed solution is 4:4:12:1, and the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is 0.2%;
s4, preparing a seed dressing agent: taking 10 parts of dry pig manure and 10 parts of dry chicken manure, crushing, then adding 8 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of chitin and 30 parts of field soil, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a seed dressing agent;
s5, seed dressing: uniformly mixing the seeds soaked in the step S3 with a seed dressing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing agent is 1: 60;
s6, seedling culture: sowing the seeds in a seedbed, then, culturing seedlings at the temperature of 32 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent, and lighting for more than 12 hours after germination;
s6, transplanting: selecting a cool, moist, loose and fertile sandy soil land, uniformly spreading an insecticide and farmyard manure, and deeply ploughing for 45 cm; after the farmland is sunned for 28 days, furrows with the width of 65cm, the height of 15cm and the distance of 30cm are made; transplanting 3 lines in each ridge;
s7, field management:
A) weeding, namely artificially weeding when the inter-seedling weeds influence the growth of angelica seedlings;
B) topdressing: the first dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 10cm, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5:3:2, the second dressing of the compound fertilizer is carried out when the Chinese angelica roots grow in autumn, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 3:4: 1;
C) and (3) pest control: according to the disease condition, preventing and treating in time;
s8, harvesting and storing: harvesting in good time, selecting proper tool during harvesting to prevent damage to the epidermis of radix Angelicae sinensis during harvesting and transportation.
Comparative example 1
Step S3 is omitted compared to example 1, and the other steps are the same.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 2, the seed dressing agent of the invention is replaced by plant ash, and other steps are the same.
Experimental example 1
Air-drying the collected wild angelica seeds, storing at room temperature, 0 ℃, -5 ℃, -10 ℃, -13 ℃, -16 ℃ and-20 ℃, respectively, storing for two months, taking 100 seeds at each temperature, performing pre-sowing treatment by adopting the method, and measuring the germination rate of the seeds under the same culture conditions, wherein the result is shown in figure 2; as can be seen from the figure, the germination rate of angelica can reach 96% when the seeds are stored at-13 ℃.
Experimental example 2
Six experimental fields with the same geological conditions are selected, and isolation zones are arranged among the experimental fields to prevent mutual infection among plant diseases and insect pests in different experimental fields; planting the Chinese angelica respectively by adopting experimental examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 and a traditional Chinese angelica planting mode; the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests during the whole growth cycle of angelica sinensis was observed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different planting methods on the pest and disease resistance of Angelica sinensis during its growth
As can be seen from the table, the planting method of the invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the angelica, thus reducing the usage amount of pesticide and avoiding pesticide residues in finished medicinal materials.
Experimental example 3
The yield and quality of angelica sinensis after planting in experimental example 2 were measured:
TABLE 2 Effect of different cultivation methods on Angelica sinensis yield
As can be seen from the table, the yield of the angelica sinensis can be improved by about 30% by adopting the efficient cultivation method of the invention compared with the traditional planting method.
To compare the effect of different planting methods on the size of the heads of angelica, 1kg of whole fresh angelica of the six test fields of experimental example 2 was randomly selected, and then the number of angelica was counted in units/kg, the results are shown in table 3,
TABLE 3 influence of different planting methods on the size of Chinese angelica (size/kg)
| Serial number | Per kg |
| Example 1 | 22 |
| Example 2 | 21 |
| Example 3 | 22 |
| Comparative example 1 | 24 |
| Comparative example 2 | 25 |
| Traditional planting mode | 29 |
The larger the number of 1kg fresh angelica sinensis, the smaller the size of the head of the angelica sinensis, and it is obvious from table 3 that the size of the head of the angelica sinensis planted by the cultivation method of the present invention is significantly larger compared with the conventional cultivation method.
Experimental example 4
The influence of different planting modes in the experimental example 2 on the contents of volatile oil, ferulic acid and tannin in the angelica is determined, the result is shown in table 4,
| serial number | Essential oil (%) | Ferulic acid (%) | Total tannin (%) |
| Example 1 | 1.164 | 0.132 | 0.543 |
| Example 2 | 1.063 | 0.144 | 0.527 |
| Example 3 | 1.092 | 0.135 | 0.641 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.976 | 0.129 | 0.521 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.984 | 0.111 | 0.544 |
| Traditional planting mode | 0.912 | 0.096 | 0.538 |
From the above table, it can be seen that the yield of angelica can not be affected by introducing wild angelica in a proper planting mode, and the content of volatile oil, ferulic acid and tannin in the introduced wild angelica is far higher than that in angelica after several generations of planting.
According to the method, the wild angelica is introduced for planting to improve the yield and the quality of the angelica, so that the problem of insufficient yield of the wild angelica is solved, and the problem that the effective components in the angelica are reduced after multi-generation planting to influence the pesticide effect is also solved;
the seed preservation method can improve the budding rate of wild angelica seeds, reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the angelica in the planting process and solve the problem that pesticide residues in the Chinese traditional medicine do not reach the standard.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for introducing and cultivating the wild angelica is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, seed collection: collecting full wild angelica seeds from late 8 months to last 9 months;
s2, seed preservation: naturally drying the collected seeds until the water content is 12-15%, and then putting the seeds into a kraft paper bag for constant-temperature preservation at-13 ℃;
s3, pretreatment of sowing: taking out seeds 8-10 days before sowing, spreading and drying to normal temperature, soaking seeds for 2h in clear water, soaking seeds for 8h in sodium carbonate aqueous solution, taking out and drying the seeds in the air; preserving at 37 ℃ and 82-87% humidity for 12h, and soaking seeds in a mixed solution of 1-naphthalene methoxy acetic acid, IAA, gibberellin and capsaicin for 40min, wherein the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.02%;
s4, preparing a seed dressing agent: crushing and sterilizing the dry pig manure and the dry chicken manure, and fully and uniformly mixing the crushed dry pig manure and the dry chicken manure with wheat bran, chitin and field soil to obtain a seed dressing agent;
s5, seed dressing: uniformly mixing the seeds soaked in the step S3 with the seed dressing agent;
s6, seedling culture: sowing the seeds in a seedbed, then, culturing seedlings at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the humidity of 78-85%, wherein the illumination time is more than 12h after germination;
s6, transplanting: selecting a cool, moist, loose and fertile sandy soil land, uniformly spreading an insecticide and farmyard manure, and deeply ploughing by 40-50 cm; making furrows with the width of 60-70cm, the height of 12-15cm and the distance of 25-30cm after the farmland is sunned for 25-30 days; transplanting 2-3 lines in each ridge;
s7, field management: topdressing the compound fertilizer twice;
s8, harvesting and storing.
2. The method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is 0.1-0.3%.
3. The method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica sinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of 1-naphthylmethoxyacetic acid, IAA, gibberellin and capsaicin in the mixed solution is 4:4:12: 1.
4. The method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing agent is 1: 55-60.
5. The method for introducing and cultivating wild angelica sinensis according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7 of topdressing, a first topdressing compound fertilizer is performed when the angelica sinensis seedlings grow to 8-10cm, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 5:3: 2; and performing secondary topdressing on the compound fertilizer when the roots of the angelica sinensis grow in autumn, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the compound fertilizer is 3:4: 1.
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| CN114586497A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 岷县大河追溯农产品基地有限公司 | Angelica sinensis seed storage method |
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