CN111567317A - Cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content - Google Patents
Cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567317A CN111567317A CN202010430162.4A CN202010430162A CN111567317A CN 111567317 A CN111567317 A CN 111567317A CN 202010430162 A CN202010430162 A CN 202010430162A CN 111567317 A CN111567317 A CN 111567317A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to microbial fermentation and edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content. The invention provides a production method of organic selenium black fungus sporocarp, wherein the total selenium content can be controlled to be 0.5-100 mg/kg (dry material) according to requirements, wherein the organic selenium content accounts for more than 99% of the total selenium, other nutritional ingredients such as polysaccharide, amino acid, pectin and the like are improved to different degrees, and the quality and the additional value of the black fungus sporocarp are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content.
Background
The ecological race of black fungus of the genus Coprinus, the main production area is in the hundred colors in Guangxi, the wild half wild production mode is taken as the main mode, the quality is excellent, the ecological race has the nutrition and health care functions, the ecological race is rich in functional components such as polysaccharide, pectin, flavone, amino acid and the like, the ecological race is deeply favored by consumers in and out of the sea, and after more than ten years of experimental study, the bred strain 'Baiyun No. 6' is identified by a new national variety.
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human bodies, and is scientifically proved to be as follows: because of the high antioxidation of selenium, proper supplement can play a role in preventing organ aging and pathological changes, delaying aging, enhancing immunity, resisting diseases, resisting toxic heavy metals, relieving the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and preventing and resisting cancers. Inorganic selenium source (such as sodium selenite) has high toxicity and is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body, and organic selenium source (such as polysodium, protein selenium, etc.) has low toxicity and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body. Through a biological method, researches on converting an inorganic selenium source into an organic selenium source are carried out, such as common selenium yeast, selenium malt and the like of formed products, and researches on enriching the selenium source through edible and medicinal fungi are not few, such as selenium-enriched shiitake mushrooms, selenium-enriched lucid ganoderma, selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms and the like.
The current production process of selenium-rich fungi (such as ganoderma lucidum, shiitake mushroom, agaric and the like) has obvious defects of long period (6-8 months), large investment, high technical requirement, low total selenium content, insufficient organic selenium proportion and the like, such as patent application CN201210290103.7 (a cultivation method for cultivating selenium-rich agaric by utilizing selenium-rich crop straws), patent application CN201610138862.X (a new cultivation technology for organic selenium ganoderma lucidum) and patent application CN201910824518.X (a cultivation method for selenium-rich ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and selenium-rich ganoderma lucidum spore powder).
Therefore, the method for cultivating the black fungus with high organic selenium content is important for searching the black fungus which can fully enrich the selenium source and fully convert the selenium source into the organic selenium, and the finally obtained organic selenium black fungus fruiting body product is safe and reliable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium.
A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: the contents by weight percentage are as follows: accurately weighing 77-87% of mulberry branch chips, 0-10% of wheat bran, 1% of soybean meal, 1% of food-grade glucose, 1% of gypsum and 0-20% of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer, placing the mulberry branch chips, the wheat bran, the soybean meal and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and initially uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in water, adding the water in which the glucose and the gypsum powder are dissolved through a spray pipe while stirring the culture material solid, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost into bags, sterilizing, cooling, and inoculating the black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain inoculated black fungus sticks;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 40-60 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 65-75% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture material;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening earholes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus, continuously culturing at 25-26 ℃ under the conditions that the environmental humidity is kept above 95% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: when all the earholes are full of white mycelia, moving the greenhouse to a greenhouse, maintaining the humidity of the space in the greenhouse to be 93-97% by adopting a micro-spraying method, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse to be 18-25 ℃, and culturing for 10-20 days when the light intensity is preferably over 100Lux until the earholes form small lugs;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented reasonably, and the ear pieces are mature after 10-20 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: the harvested lugs can be dried by an overhead nylon net or electric energy drying equipment, and the lugs are required to be frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the lugs from being adhered.
Furthermore, the mulberry branch crumbs are obtained by crushing mulberry branches which are byproducts of silkworm breeding through a 6mm screen. The planting process of the black fungus is free of pesticide, the carbon and nitrogen content is proper, the black fungus is high in nitrogen content and very suitable for growth and development of black fungus, the black fungus is a good ecological and nutritional raw material of the black fungus through scientific compatibility, and black fungus sporocarp cultivated by the black fungus is tender, crisp and fragrant, high in colloid content and more beneficial to enrichment of selenium source.
Further, the fungus strain of the black fungus is Baiyun No. 6. The black fungus ecological race is a special black fungus ecological race in Guangxi, is obtained by separating, purifying and domesticating wild black fungus sporocarp, is named as Baiyun No. 6 according to the genus, and passes the new national variety identification. The variety has stable production performance, high biological conversion rate of fresh ears and excellent quality.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the cultivation material solid to the water is 1: 1.3-1.5.
Further, in the step (2), the compost is subpackaged into bags, specifically 15 × 45 low-density polyethylene bags are subpackaged by a full-automatic tying and bagging machine. The low-density polyethylene bag is adopted, can shrink along with the shrinkage of the culture material in the process of ear emergence, is tightly attached to the culture material, reduces the formation of useless ear buds caused by gaps between the culture material and the bag, and further improves the biotransformation rate of the black fungus.
Further, the sterilization of the step (2) is performed for 5 hours under the pressure of 0.11MP and at the temperature of 121 ℃.
Furthermore, the ear hole opening in the step (4) is performed by adopting a special agaric opening machine.
Further, step (5) after moving to in the big-arch shelter, carry out the fungus stick with hanging the wall and hang the stick processing, preferred hang the wall and hang the stick processing, hang the wall and constitute by members such as crossbeam, string rope, buckle, layer board, will open the fungus stick in hole and steadily transversely put on the layer board of holding by two sets of string rope balance, this is the first fungus stick of hanging the wall, about 20 centimetres off the ground, then pile up the fungus stick of opening the hole on it, every pile up 4 sticks and lock once with the buckle, so pile up the stick to the height that the people can conveniently operate repeatedly, generally every hanging the wall can pile up 20 fungus sticks about. The suspension wall type fungus-growing technical mode can realize the standardized and large-scale production of the organic selenium fungus-growing fruiting body. And it also has the following advantages: the rod capacity per mu is 2-3 times of that of a punching bag mode and 4-5 times of that of an inclined leaning mode; high centralized management, labor saving, water saving and electricity saving; the device is not influenced by terrain, and can be flexibly applied to mountainous areas and flat ground; the method is not influenced by ground silt, pests, infectious microbes and the like, and has better quality and higher conversion rate; capability of resisting natural disasters such as flood and the like
Further, the reasonable water supplement in the step (6) complies with the principle of 'dry-wet', namely, no dry spraying and no spray, and one spray is sufficient, and the water spray management is carried out by adopting the combination of rough spraying and strip spraying, so that the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard.
Further, the drying in the step (8) is carried out by using an overhead nylon net or electric energy drying equipment, and the ear pieces should be frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the ear pieces from being adhered.
Furthermore, the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer is obtained by taking saccharification type rhizopus and alcohol yeast as carriers and performing solid-state two-stage fermentation, the selenium content stably reaches 500mg/kg (dry material), and the organic selenium content exceeds 70%. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation material: weighing the fermentation material, adding water, mixing, adding sodium selenite in water in advance, melting, and stirring to obtain the fermentation material;
(2) and (3) sterilization of the fermentation material: bagging the fermented material obtained in the step (1), fastening a bag opening, and sterilizing;
(3) primary fermentation: spreading and drying the sterilized fermented material, then inoculating rhizopus seeds domesticated by sodium selenite, fully mixing, spreading and covering, and fermenting in a clean constant-temperature room to obtain a primary fermented material;
(4) and (3) secondary fermentation: pouring the primary fermentation material obtained in the step (3) on a sterilized container or platform, then adding cold boiled water, adding sodium selenite in advance into the water, melting, a fermentation aid and an alcohol yeast liquid acclimated by the sodium selenite, fully scattering the lumps, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a shallow basin, flattening and covering, sending the mixture into a clean constant-temperature room for fermentation, and uniformly stirring during fermentation;
(5) drying and crushing: and (4) drying the fermentation product in the step (4) until the water content is lower than 10%, and crushing to obtain the finished product of the organic selenium.
The fermentation material in the step (1) consists of bran and corn flour, and preferably comprises 70 parts of bran and 30 parts of corn flour by mass.
Adding water in the step (1) and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation material mixture is as follows: water is added in a ratio of 100: 80.
In the step (1), the sodium selenite is added according to the amount of 100-150mg of sodium selenite contained in each kilogram of dry mixture of fermentation materials.
And (3) bagging in the step (2), wherein each bag of wet material is bagged according to the weight of 4-6 kg.
The sterilization in the step (2) is high temperature and high pressure sterilization, and preferably the high temperature and high pressure sterilization is sterilization at 0.11MP and 121 ℃ for 1 hour.
And (4) spreading and airing in the step (3), namely scattering, cooling and cooling on the sterilized container or platform.
And (3) inoculating according to 0.1-2% of the dry mixture.
Further, the step (3) of flattening and capping is to flatten and cap the sterilized container.
Further, the rhizopus strains acclimatized by sodium selenite in the step (3) are obtained by adding sodium selenite into each stage of culture medium in the three-stage amplification culture process of a slope, a triangular flask and a shallow tray, wherein the addition amount is calculated according to the content of 100mg of sodium selenite in each kilogram of culture medium.
Further, the thickness of the fermentation material flattened in the step (3) is 2-4cm, the constant-temperature fermentation temperature is 30-34 ℃, and the constant-temperature culture is carried out for 32-36 hours. Preferably, when the fermentation is carried out for 22-24 hours at constant temperature, the fermentation materials are connected into blocks, the fermentation materials are buckled on another buckling disc without being scattered or covered, and the exhaust fan is opened to discharge moisture for continuous fermentation. The fermentation is carried out under the condition, which is favorable for the robust, large-scale, uniform and reproductive growth of rhizopus hyphae, generates a large amount of saccharifying enzyme, converts starch in the fermentation material into fermentable sugar, creates favorable conditions for secondary fermentation, and maximally converts inorganic selenium
Further, the amount of the boiled water added in the step (4) is 40-80% of the weight of the dry mixture in the step (1); the adding amount of the alcoholic yeast liquid is 3-7% of the weight of the dry mixture; the sodium selenite is added in an amount of 200-1000mg sodium selenite per kg fermentation dry mixture.
Further, the fermentation aid in the step (4) is brown sugar and ammonium sulfate which are added according to 6-10% and 0.01-0.2% of the dry mixture respectively.
Further, the alcoholic yeast liquid acclimatized by sodium selenite in the step (4) is obtained by adding sodium selenite into each level of culture medium in the three-level propagation process of the alcoholic yeast liquid through a slope, a triangular flask and a yeast tank, wherein the addition amount is calculated according to the content of 200mg of sodium selenite in each kilogram of culture medium.
Further, the constant-temperature fermentation in the step (4) is to control the temperature of the fermentation chamber at 26-30 ℃ and ferment for 22-24 hours, and meanwhile, the uniformly stirring is to stir the uniformly fermented materials in the original disc once respectively when the fermentation time reaches 8, 12 and 16 hours in the constant-temperature fermentation process, and then to flatten the materials and continue the fermentation. The condition is favorable for the robust, large-scale, uniform and consistent propagation and growth of the yeast, and the yeast can be further promoted to proliferate by adding the fermentation aid, so that the aim of converting inorganic selenium into organic selenium to the maximum extent is fulfilled.
Further, drying until the water content is lower than 10%, specifically sending into a constant-temperature 35 ℃ air-blast dryer for drying for 6-8 hours, and then heating to 60 ℃ for drying at constant temperature until the water content is lower than 10%. The drying mode can carry out after-ripening culture on the yeast so as to more completely convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium.
Further, the crushing is performed by a 100-mesh crusher.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a production method of organic selenium black fungus sporocarp, wherein the total selenium content can be controlled to be 0.5-100 mg/kg (dry material) according to requirements, wherein the organic selenium content accounts for more than 99% of the total selenium, other nutritional ingredients such as polysaccharide, amino acid, pectin and the like are improved to different degrees, and the quality and the added value of the black fungus sporocarp are further improved;
(2) the selenium-rich carrier is a special black fungus ecological microspecies in the local area of Guangxi, is obtained by separating, purifying and domesticating wild black fungus sporocarp, is named as 'Baiyun No. 6' by the genus, is identified by a new national variety, has stable production performance, has a fresh ear biological conversion rate of more than 130 percent, and has excellent quality;
(3) the selenium source adopted by the invention is a special first-stage organic selenium fertilizer, the saccharified rhizopus and alcohol yeast are used as carriers, and the fertilizer is obtained after solid-state two-stage fermentation, the selenium content stably reaches 500mg/kg (dry material), the organic selenium content exceeds 70%, and the fertilizer is safer and more reliable in the using process;
(4) the black fungus culture material is prepared by crushing mulberry twig scraps, which are byproducts of silkworm breeding of mulberry silkworms, through a 6mm screen, does not use pesticides in the planting process, has proper carbon and nitrogen content and high nitrogen content, is very suitable for the growth and development of black fungus, is a good ecological and nutritional raw material of black fungus through scientific compatibility, is tender, crisp and fragrant in black fungus fruiting bodies, has high colloid content and is more favorable for the enrichment of selenium sources;
(5) the invention adopts a suspended wall type fungus-growing technical mode, and can realize the standardized and large-scale production of the organic selenium fungus fruiting body. And it also has the following advantages: the rod capacity per mu is 2-3 times of that of a punching bag mode and 4-5 times of that of an inclined leaning mode; high centralized management, labor saving, water saving and electricity saving; the device is not influenced by terrain, and can be flexibly applied to mountainous areas and flat ground; the method is not influenced by ground silt, pests, infectious microbes and the like, and has better quality and higher conversion rate; the risk capacity of natural disasters such as flood resistance and the like is higher;
(6) the low-density polyethylene bag adopted by the invention can shrink along with the shrinkage of the culture material in the process of ear emergence and cling to the culture material, so that the generation of gaps between the culture material and the bag to form useless ear buds is reduced, and the biotransformation rate of the black fungus is further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
The first-grade organic selenium fertilizer is prepared by the following preparation method for use in the examples:
(1) preparing a fermentation material: weighing 7kg of bran and 3kg of corn flour as fermentation materials, and mixing the fermentation materials according to the following ratio: adding water in a ratio of 100:80, uniformly mixing, adding sodium selenite into the water in advance according to the amount of 100mg of sodium selenite contained in each kilogram of dry mixture of the fermented material, melting, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented material;
(2) and (3) sterilization of the fermentation material: bagging the fermented material obtained in the step (1) according to the weight of 5kg of wet material per bag, fastening the opening of the bag, and sterilizing at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 1 hour at 0.11 MP;
(3) primary fermentation: scattering the sterilized fermented material on a sterilized platform, cooling, inoculating rhizopus seeds acclimatized by sodium selenite according to 1% of dry mixed material, fully and uniformly mixing, spreading and covering in a sterilized container, sending into a clean constant-temperature room for fermentation, wherein the thickness of the spread fermented material is 3cm, the constant-temperature fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, culturing for 34 hours at constant temperature, when the constant-temperature fermentation is carried out for 22 hours, the fermented material is connected into blocks, buckling the fermented material on another buckling disc, not scattering, not covering, opening an exhaust fan for dehumidifying, and continuing to ferment to obtain primary fermented material;
(4) and (3) secondary fermentation: pouring the primary fermented material obtained in the step (3) on a sterilized container or platform, adding cold boiled water accounting for 60% of the weight of the dry mixture obtained in the step (1), adding sodium selenite in advance according to the amount of 1000mg of sodium selenite in each kilogram of the dry mixture of the fermented material, melting, adding 8% of brown sugar, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate and 5% of sodium selenite acclimated alcoholic yeast liquid of the dry mixture, fully scattering the mass, uniformly mixing, placing the mass in a shallow basin, flattening and covering, feeding the mass into a clean constant-temperature chamber for fermentation, controlling the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 28 ℃ in the fermentation process, fermenting for 23 hours, respectively turning and uniformly stirring the fermented material in an original plate once in the constant-temperature fermentation process when the fermented material is fermented for 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours, flattening and continuing the fermentation;
(5) drying and crushing: and (3) drying the fermentation product in the step (4) in a constant-temperature 35 ℃ forced air dryer for 7 hours, then heating to 60 ℃ and drying at constant temperature until the water content is lower than 10%, and crushing by a 100-mesh crusher to obtain a first-grade organic selenium fertilizer finished product.
The rhizopus strain acclimatized by sodium selenite in the step (3) is characterized in that sodium selenite is added into each level of culture medium in the process of three-level propagation of the rhizopus strain through a slope, a triangular flask and a shallow tray, and the addition amount is calculated according to the content of 100mg of sodium selenite in each kilogram of culture medium.
Further, the alcoholic yeast liquid acclimatized by sodium selenite in the step (4) is obtained by adding sodium selenite into each level of culture medium in the three-level propagation process of the alcoholic yeast liquid through a slope, a triangular flask and a yeast tank, wherein the addition amount is calculated according to the content of 200mg of sodium selenite in each kilogram of culture medium.
The total selenium content in the finally obtained first-stage organic selenium fertilizer is 503.6mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is 382.74 mg/kg.
Example 1
A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 80kg of ramulus mori chips, 5kg of wheat bran, 1kg of soybean meal powder, 1kg of food-grade glucose, 1kg of gypsum and 12kg of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer (prepared), placing the ramulus mori chips, the wheat bran, the soybean meal powder and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and primarily and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; taking water according to the weight ratio of the culture medium solid to the water of 1: 1.4, dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in the water, then adding the water in which the glucose and the gypsum powder are dissolved through a spray pipe while stirring the culture medium, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost in 15 × 45 low-density polyethylene bags by using a full-automatic tying and bagging machine, sterilizing at the pressure of 0.11MP and the temperature of 121 ℃ for 5 hours, cooling, and then inoculating a No. 6 Baiyun black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain an inoculated black fungus stick;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 50 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 70% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture materials;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening ear holes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus by using a special black fungus opener, continuously culturing at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ under the condition that the environmental humidity is kept at 97% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: after all the ear outlet holes are fully distributed with white mycelia, moving the mycelia into a greenhouse, carrying out wall-hanging and stick-hanging treatment on the mycelia, wherein the wall-hanging comprises members such as a beam, hanging ropes, a buckle and a supporting plate, the mycelia with the opened holes are stably and transversely placed on the supporting plate which is pulled by two groups of hanging ropes in a balanced manner, namely the first mycelia of the wall-hanging is 20 cm away from the ground, then the mycelia with the opened holes are stacked on the first mycelia, 4 mycelia are locked by the buckle once per stack, the mycelia are stacked repeatedly in such a way, 20 mycelia are stacked, a micro-spraying method is adopted to maintain the humidity of 95% in the greenhouse space, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 22 ℃, the light is sufficient, and the mycelia are cultured for 15 days until the ear outlet holes form small mycelia;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented to comply with the principle of 'dry-wet', namely, the water is not dried and is not sprayed, and the water is sprayed enough when spraying is carried out, the water spraying management is carried out by adopting the combination of rough spraying and strip spraying, the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard, and the ear pieces are mature after 15 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: the collected lugs are dried by an overhead nylon net and are frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the lugs from being adhered.
The mulberry branch crumbs are obtained by crushing mulberry branches which are byproducts of silkworm breeding through a 6mm screen.
Example 2
A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 86kg of ramulus mori chips, 10kg of wheat bran, 1kg of soybean meal powder, 1kg of food-grade glucose, 1kg of gypsum and 1kg of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer (prepared), placing the ramulus mori chips, the wheat bran, the soybean meal powder and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and primarily and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; taking water according to the weight ratio of the culture medium solid to the water of 1: 1.3, dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in the water, then adding the water dissolved with the glucose and the gypsum powder into the water through a spray pipe while stirring the culture medium, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost in 15 × 45 low-density polyethylene bags by using a full-automatic tying and bagging machine, sterilizing at the pressure of 0.11MP and the temperature of 121 ℃ for 5 hours, cooling, and then inoculating a No. 6 Baiyun black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain an inoculated black fungus stick;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 60 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 65% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture materials;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening ear holes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus by using a special black fungus opener, continuously culturing at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ under the condition that the environmental humidity is kept at 95% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: after all the ear outlet holes are fully distributed with white mycelia, moving the mycelia into a greenhouse, carrying out wall-hanging and stick-hanging treatment on the mycelia, wherein the wall-hanging comprises members such as a beam, hanging ropes, a buckle and a supporting plate, the mycelia with the opened holes are stably and transversely placed on the supporting plate which is pulled by two groups of hanging ropes in a balanced manner, namely the first mycelia of the wall-hanging is 20 cm away from the ground, then the mycelia with the opened holes are stacked on the first mycelia, 4 mycelia are locked by the buckle once per stack, the mycelia are stacked repeatedly in such a way, 20 mycelia are stacked, a micro-spraying method is adopted to maintain the humidity of 93% in the greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 18 ℃, the light is sufficient, and the culture is carried out for 20 days until the ear outlet holes form small mycelia;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented according to the principle of 'dry-wet', namely, the water is not dried and is not sprayed, and the water is sprayed enough when spraying is carried out, the coarse spraying and the strip spraying are matched for carrying out water spraying management, the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard, and the ear pieces are mature after 20 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: the harvested lugs can be dried by an overhead nylon net or electric energy drying equipment, and the lugs are required to be frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the lugs from being adhered.
The mulberry branch crumbs are obtained by crushing mulberry branches which are byproducts of silkworm breeding through a 6mm screen.
Example 3
A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 77kg of ramulus mori chips, 1kg of soybean meal powder, 1kg of food-grade glucose, 1kg of gypsum and 20kg of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer (prepared), placing the ramulus mori chips, the bran, the soybean meal powder and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and primarily and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; taking water according to the weight ratio of the culture medium solid to the water of 1: 1.5, dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in the water, then adding the water in which the glucose and the gypsum powder are dissolved through a spray pipe while stirring the culture medium, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost in 15 × 45 low-density polyethylene bags by using a full-automatic tying and bagging machine, sterilizing at the pressure of 0.11MP and the temperature of 121 ℃ for 5 hours, cooling, and then inoculating a No. 6 Baiyun black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain an inoculated black fungus stick;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 40 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 75% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture materials;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening ear holes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus by using a special black fungus opener, continuously culturing at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ under the condition that the environmental humidity is kept at 97% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: after all the ear outlet holes are fully distributed with white mycelia, moving the mycelia into a greenhouse, carrying out wall-hanging and stick-hanging treatment on the mycelia, wherein the wall-hanging comprises members such as a beam, hanging ropes, a buckle and a supporting plate, the mycelia with the opened holes are stably and transversely placed on the supporting plate which is pulled by two groups of hanging ropes in a balanced manner, namely the first mycelia of the wall-hanging is 20 cm away from the ground, then the mycelia with the opened holes are stacked on the first mycelia, 4 mycelia are locked by the buckle once per stack, the mycelia are stacked repeatedly in this way, 20 mycelia are stacked, a micro-spraying method is adopted to maintain the humidity of the space in the greenhouse at 97%, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25 ℃, the light is sufficient, and the mycelia are cultured for 10 days until the ear outlet holes form small mycelia;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented to comply with the principle of 'dry, wet and wet', namely, the water is not dried and is not sprayed, and the water is sprayed enough when spraying is carried out, the water spraying management is carried out by adopting the combination of rough spraying and strip spraying, the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard, and the ear pieces are mature after 10 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: the harvested lugs can be dried by an overhead nylon net or electric energy drying equipment, and the lugs are required to be frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the lugs from being adhered.
The mulberry branch crumbs are obtained by crushing mulberry branches which are byproducts of silkworm breeding through a 6mm screen.
Example 4
A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: weighing 80kg of ramulus mori chips, 5kg of wheat bran, 1kg of soybean meal powder, 1kg of food-grade glucose, 1kg of gypsum and 10kg of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer (prepared), placing the ramulus mori chips, the wheat bran, the soybean meal powder and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and primarily and uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; taking water according to the weight ratio of the culture medium solid to the water of 1: 1.4, dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in the water, adding the water in which the glucose and the gypsum powder are dissolved through a spray pipe while stirring the culture medium solid, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost in 15 × 45 low-density polyethylene bags by using a full-automatic tying and bagging machine, sterilizing at the pressure of 0.11MP and the temperature of 121 ℃ for 5 hours, cooling, and then inoculating a No. 6 Baiyun black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain an inoculated black fungus stick;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 50 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 70% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture materials;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening ear holes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus by using a special black fungus opener, continuously culturing at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ under the condition that the environmental humidity is kept at 97% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: when the ear outlet holes are completely filled with white mycelia, moving the mycelia into a greenhouse, placing the fungus sticks on a rack, maintaining the humidity of the space in the greenhouse to be 95% by adopting a micro-spraying method, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22 ℃ and ensuring sufficient light, and culturing for 15 days until the ear outlet holes form small ear sheets;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented to comply with the principle of 'dry-wet', namely, the water is not dried and is not sprayed, and the water is sprayed enough when spraying is carried out, the water spraying management is carried out by adopting the combination of rough spraying and strip spraying, the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard, and the ear pieces are mature after 15 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: the collected lugs are dried by an overhead nylon net and are frequently turned over in the drying process so as to prevent the lugs from being adhered.
The mulberry branch crumbs are obtained by crushing mulberry branches which are byproducts of silkworm breeding through a 6mm screen.
Example 5
The prepared first-grade organic selenium fertilizer is replaced by the commercial organic selenium fertilizer, and other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The total selenium content in the commercial organic selenium fertilizer is 520mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is 400mg/kg
Comparative example 1
The first-level organic selenium fertilizer is not added, and is replaced by the same amount of fertilizer which has the same components but does not contain selenium, and the other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The procedure was carried out according to example 3 of patent application CN201210290103.7 (cultivation method of selenium-rich agaric using selenium-rich crop straw).
The agaric obtained in each example and comparative example is detected, and the results are as follows:
from the data, the total selenium content of the finally obtained agaric can be controlled to be 0.5-100 mg/kg (dry material) according to the requirement by the production method of the organic selenium agaric sporocarp, wherein the organic selenium content accounts for more than 99% of the total selenium and is far higher than that of the prior art such as a comparative example 2, other nutritional ingredients such as polysaccharide, amino acid, pectin and the like are improved to different degrees, and the quality and the additional value of the agaric sporocarp are further improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture material: the contents by weight percentage are as follows: accurately weighing 77-87% of mulberry branch chips, 0-10% of wheat bran, 1% of soybean meal, 1% of food-grade glucose, 1% of gypsum and 0-20% of first-stage organic selenium fertilizer, placing the mulberry branch chips, the wheat bran, the soybean meal and the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer in a stirrer which has no leakage and is provided with a spray pipe, and initially uniformly stirring to obtain a cultivation material solid; dissolving glucose and gypsum powder in water, adding the water in which the glucose and the gypsum powder are dissolved through a spray pipe while stirring the culture material solid, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture material;
(2) preparing a mushroom stick: subpackaging the compost into bags, sterilizing, cooling, and inoculating the black fungus strain in a clean room to obtain inoculated black fungus sticks;
(3) mycelium culture: culturing the inoculated black fungus sticks for 40-60 days under the conditions of light protection, temperature of 25-26 ℃, environment humidity of 65-75% and good ventilation until hyphae grow over the culture material;
(4) opening and promoting silking: opening earholes on cultured and mature fungus sticks of the black fungus, continuously culturing at 25-26 ℃ under the conditions that the environmental humidity is kept above 95% and the ventilation is good, and recovering the growth of mycelia as soon as possible;
(5) ear bud forcing management: when all the earhole holes are full of white mycelia, moving the greenhouse to a greenhouse, maintaining the humidity of the space in the greenhouse to be 93-97% by adopting a micro-spraying method, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse to be 18-25 ℃, and culturing for 10-20 days under sufficient light until the earhole holes form small ear pieces;
(6) and (3) carrying out growth management on the black fungus fruiting bodies: when the small ear pieces grow to 1-3 cm, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, fresh air in the shed is kept, water is supplemented reasonably, and the ear pieces are mature after 10-20 days;
(7) harvesting organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: when the ear can be easily picked off, the collection is carried out;
(8) drying the organic selenium black fungus sporocarp: drying the collected ear.
2. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first-stage organic selenium fertilizer is obtained by solid two-stage fermentation using saccharified rhizopus and alcohol yeast as carriers, the selenium content is stable to 500mg/kg (dry material), and the organic selenium content is more than 70%
3. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the solid cultivation material to water in step (1) is 1: 1.3-1.5.
4. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cultivation material is subpackaged into bags, specifically 15 x 45 low density polyethylene bags are subpackaged by a full-automatic tying and bagging machine.
5. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization in step (2) is performed under 0.11MP pressure at 121 ℃ for 5 hours.
6. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the opening of the ear hole in step (4) is performed by using a special black fungus opener.
7. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium content as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the fungus sticks are processed by hanging the fungus sticks on a wall and hanging the fungus sticks on a rod after being moved to a greenhouse.
8. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium as claimed in claim 7, wherein the hanging wall is made of beams, hanging ropes, buckles, support plates, and the like, the fungus sticks with the holes are stably and transversely placed on the support plates which are pulled by two groups of hanging ropes in a balanced manner, the fungus sticks are the first fungus sticks of the hanging wall, about 20 cm away from the ground, and then the fungus sticks with the holes are stacked on the first fungus sticks, and each stack of 4 fungus sticks is locked by a buckle, and the sticks are stacked repeatedly to a height which is convenient for operation.
9. The cultivation method of black fungus with high organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein the reasonable water supplement of step (6) complies with the principle of "dry, wet and wet", i.e. no dry spray, no spray, and sufficient spray, and the water spray management is performed by adopting the combination of rough spray and strip spray, and the water quality requirement at least meets the drinking water standard.
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| CN112592414A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-04-02 | 江西绿博士生物科技有限公司 | Extraction of rangooncreeper fruit polysaccharide and application of rangooncreeper fruit polysaccharide in preparation of organic selenium fertilizer by edible fungus planting |
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