CN111565582A - I型过敏用组合物 - Google Patents
I型过敏用组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111565582A CN111565582A CN201980006269.1A CN201980006269A CN111565582A CN 111565582 A CN111565582 A CN 111565582A CN 201980006269 A CN201980006269 A CN 201980006269A CN 111565582 A CN111565582 A CN 111565582A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- lactic acid
- polysaccharide
- culture
- lactobacillus paracasei
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
一种组合物,含有属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分,该组合物对I型过敏的预防或改善有效,特别是能够用作预防或改善过敏反应的饮食、药品、饲料、化妆品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及I型过敏用组合物。更详细地,本发明涉及用于预防或改善I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的组合物,上述组合物以属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分。
背景技术
近年来,有观点指出,由于饮食生活的变化、大气污染的恶化、过敏原物质、对金属性装饰物的暴露等各种原因,导致花粉症、特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎等过敏显著增加。过敏基于免疫反应,是一种对活体的全身或局部产生的障碍。而且,过敏大体分为基于由血液中抗体引起的体液免疫反应的I、II和III型过敏,以及基于由致敏淋巴细胞引起的细胞免疫反应的IV型过敏。I型过敏的起因是,花粉等抗原向体内侵入,对此,抗原呈递细胞在T细胞的分化中产生偏倚,诱导基于B细胞的IgE抗体产生。过敏反应是被分类为I型过敏的全身性疾病,可能会陷入休克状态,危及生命(过敏性休克)。
作为针对这样的过敏所使用的药物,有抗组胺剂、类固醇药等。然而,有观点指出,这些药物会产生各种副作用,无法保证其安全性。
在这种情况下,近年来,参与免疫反应、具有抗过敏作用的乳酸菌作为安全性高的抗过敏素材受到关注。例如,提出了如下方案:短乳杆菌等抑制IgE抗体产生的乳酸菌(专利文献1)、具有抑制组胺游离效果的罗伊氏乳杆菌(AD0002菌株)的乳酸菌(专利文献2)、激活肠道免疫或I型辅助T细胞的屎肠球乳酸菌(专利文献3和4)、具有Th1免疫增强作用和Th2免疫抑制作用的副干酪乳杆菌KW3110菌株的乳酸菌(非专利文献1)等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平09-2959号公报;
专利文献2:日本特开2000-95697号公报;
专利文献3:日本特开2006-67881号公报;
专利文献4:日本特开2006-104107号公报。
非专利文献
非专利文献1:International archives of allergy and immunology 2004;135:205-215。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在这样的背景技术下,期望开发以乳酸菌为有效成分的新抗过敏用组合物。因此,本发明的课题在于提供对I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的预防或改善有效的、以乳酸菌为有效成分的新型组合物。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等在本发明中以开发用于I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的预防或改善的新型组合物为目的,进行了深入研究,结果发现,属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillusparacasei)的乳酸菌对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应具有抑制作用,具有预防或改善I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的作用,基于该见解进行进一步的反复研究,完成了本发明。
在本发明的一个方面中,本发明涉及以属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillusparacasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分的、用于I型过敏的预防或改善的组合物。
本发明的组合物能够优选地用于过敏反应的预防或改善。
在本发明的组合物中,乳酸菌优选为来自无花果的乳酸菌,特别地,优选Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株(保藏编号NITE BP-02242)或与其同等的乳酸菌。
在本发明的组合物中,乳酸菌的培养物或发酵物优选为在凤梨属植物果汁的存在下,将乳酸菌进行培养或发酵所得到的培养物或发酵物。
在本发明的组合物中,作为乳酸菌产生的多糖类,可举出具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖、或者主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。
本发明的组合物优选饮食组合物,作为饮食,可优选举出饮料、功能性食品、发酵食品或保健品。
此外,本发明的组合物优选药品组合物。
进而,本发明的组合物优选饲料组合物和化妆品组合物。
发明效果
本发明的组合物对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应具有抑制作用,对I型过敏的预防或改善有效,特别是能够用于预防或改善过敏反应。本发明的组合物能够用作预防或改善过敏反应等I型过敏的饮食、药品、饲料、化妆品。而且,本发明的组合物由于以属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类为有效成分,因此安全性高、可长期应用,并且可廉价大量供给,其有用性和实用性非常高。
附图说明
图1为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株的显微镜照片。图1的(A)为革兰氏染色显微镜照片、(B)为扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)照片。
图2为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株的多糖类通过阴离子交换色谱(TOYOPEARL DEAE-650M树脂(Tosoh株式会社))的分离图谱。用0mM~500mM浓度梯度的NaCl(虚线)使多糖类溶出,通过苯酚硫酸法在490nm处对各组分中的多糖类的存在进行监视(直线)。
图3示出对中性多糖进行H-NMR和C-NMR得到的各自的NMR图谱,上述中性多糖是通过阴离子交换柱色谱对Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株的多糖类进行提纯所得到的。图3的(A)为H-NMR的NMR图谱、(B)为C-NMR的NMR图谱。
图4示出根据NMR图谱得到的中性多糖的结构解析结果。根据该结构解析结果可知,Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株的中性多糖具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构。
图5为示出Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株的发酵液对小鼠主动性地引发的皮肤过敏反应具有抑制作用的图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明所提供的、以属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分的、用于I型过敏的预防或改善的组合物,进行详细地说明。
1.在本发明中作为对象的乳酸菌
在本发明中作为对象的乳酸菌为属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌,优选来自无花果的乳酸菌。具体地,根据本发明,可举出从无花果的叶中分离鉴定的Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株。该菌株于2016年4月19日在国家技术评估学会专利微生物保藏中心(〒292-0818日本千叶县木更津市Kazusa镰足2-5-8 122号室)以保藏编号NITE P-02242进行日本国内保藏,其后基于布达佩斯条约移交至国际保藏,于2017年5月26日得到NITE BP-02242的国际保藏的保藏编号。
Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株如图1的照片所示,具有如下菌学性质:其为过氧化氢酶阴性的革兰氏阳性杆菌,且具有白色菌落形成性,具有条件性异乳酸发酵的特性。进而,具有产生多糖类的能力。
在本发明中,与Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株同等的乳酸菌也作为对象。在此,同等的乳酸菌指的是属于Lactobacillus paracasei、且与Lactobacillusparacasei IJH-SONE68菌株同样地具有抑制I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的作用的乳酸菌。这些同等的乳酸菌能够通过对例如Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株进行突变、基因重组等通常的变异处理技术来得到,并且,也可以是通过对Lactobacillus paracaseiIJH-SONE68菌株的自然变异株进行选择等所培育的菌株。
2.本发明的有效成分
本发明的组合物包含上述的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分。
乳酸菌能够使用通常使用的MRS培养基、其改良培养基等,通过液体静置培养等通常使用的培养方法进行培养。乳酸菌通过在凤梨属植物的果汁或其提取物的存在下进行培养,能够促进其增殖(国际公开WO2011/046194),此外,在酒糟、酒糟提取物或酒糟的酶分解物的存在下进行培养,也能够促进其增殖(日本特开平3-172171号公报、日本特开平5-15366号公报和日本特许第2835548号公报)。培养乳酸菌后,得到的培养物可以直接作为有效成分使用,也可以将得到的培养液进行稀释或浓缩、粉末化来使用,还可以使用从培养物回收的菌体。此外,只要不损害本发明的效果,还能够在培养后进行加热和冻干等各种追加操作。此外,乳酸菌的菌体可以是在其细胞表面附着有多糖类的活菌,也可以是死菌,还可以是活菌和死菌两者的混合物。死菌可以是匀浆,但优选其表面附着有多糖类。此外,乳酸菌的发酵物通常能够通过如下方式得到:使用葡萄糖等作为营养源,根据需要,进一步添加酵母提取物、凤梨属植物的果汁、酒糟、烧酒糟等植物乳酸菌的增殖促进物质,使其发酵来得到。
乳酸菌产生的多糖类能够通过通常的方法从属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillusparacasei)的乳酸菌的培养物中分离提纯来得到。具体地,能够通过例如如下方式得到:通过离心分离从属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的培养物中除去菌体,使用乙醇、丙酮等使多糖类从得到的培养物中沉淀来得到。此外,也能够通过离子交换色谱进一步地分离提纯来得到。
在本发明中,作为乳酸菌产生的多糖类,具体地,可举出具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖、或者主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。该中性多糖如后述的实施例2所记载的那样,能够通过利用阴离子交换色谱对从Lactobacillusparacasei IJH-SONE68菌株的培养物中得到的多糖类进行分离提纯来得到。从图3所示的H-NMR和C-NMR的NMR图谱中可知,该中性多糖具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构。此外,Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株会向胞外分泌主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。更具体地,该酸性多糖由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖构成,它们的组成比约为10∶170∶2∶1。
3.本发明的组合物
本发明的组合物能够以饮食组合物、药品组合物、饲料组合物、化妆品组合物等各种方式使用。
作为饮食组合物的饮食,没有特别限制,可举例示出清凉饮料、碳酸饮料、营养饮料、果汁饮料、乳酸菌饮料等饮料、这些饮料的浓缩原液、制备用粉末等;奶油冰激凌、果汁冰激凌、刨冰等冰饮;糖稀、软糖、谷糖、口香糖、糖果、香口胶、巧克力、糖果片、零食糖果、饼干、果冻、果酱、奶油和烘焙点心等点心类;加工乳、乳饮料、发酵乳、酸奶饮料、黄油等乳制品;面包;肠内营养食品、流食、婴儿用牛奶,运动饮料;食物泥等食品;其它功能性食品等。此外,饮食也可以为保健品,可以为例如颗粒状、粉末状、片剂状的保健品。
如上所述的饮食能够通过向饮食的原料中添加乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类来制造,或者,能够与通常的饮食同样地进行制造。乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类的添加可以在饮食的制造工序的任一阶段进行。也可以添加乳酸菌、经过发酵工序后再制造饮食。作为这样的饮食,可举出乳酸菌饮料、发酵乳等发酵食品等。
饮食组合物中的乳酸菌的菌体或者其培养物或发酵物的含量可根据饮食的形式适当设定,通常,在饮食组合物中,所包含菌体的含量优选在1×106~1×1012cfu/g或1×106~1×1012cfu/ml的范围内,更优选在1×107~1×1011cfu/g或1×107~1×1011cfu/ml的范围内。在乳酸菌为死菌的情况下,cfu/g或cfu/ml能够替换为个细胞/g或个细胞/ml。在乳酸菌产生多糖类的情况下,在饮食组合物中,多糖类以重量换算计,通常包含0.001重量%以上,进一步优选包含0.01重量%以上。
就药品组合物而言,通常将乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类,与通常所使用的生理上可接受的液体或固体的制剂载体配合,进行制剂化来使用。药品组合物的剂型没有特别限制,能够举例示出片剂、丸剂、散剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、注射剂、软膏剂、贴剂、滴眼剂和滴鼻剂等。
在本发明的药品组合物的制剂中,乳酸菌的菌体或者其培养物或发酵物的含量可根据剂型、用法、对象的年龄、性别、疾病的种类、疾病的程度和其它条件等适当设定,通常,所包含菌体的含量优选在1×106~1×1012cfu/g或1×106~1×1012cfu/ml的范围内,更优选在1×107~1×1011cfu/g或1×107~1×1011cfu/ml的范围内。在乳酸菌为死菌的情况下,cfu/g或cfu/ml能够替换为个细胞/g或个细胞/ml。在乳酸菌产生多糖类的情况下,在药品组合物中,多糖类以重量换算计,通常包含0.001重量%以上,优选包含0.01重量%以上。
本发明的药品组合物的给药时机没有特别限定,能够根据适用对象适当选择给药时机。此外,可以预防性地给药,也可以用于维持疗法。给药方式优选根据制剂形式、给药对象的年龄、性别、其它条件、给药对象的症状的程度等适当确定。本发明的药品组合物在任何情况下均能够1天1次、或分为数次给药,并且,也可以几天或几周给药1次。
作为饲料组合物的饲料,可举出宠物食品、家畜饲料、鱼饲料等。这样的饲料能够通过向一般性的饲料,例如谷类、糟类、糠类、鱼粉、骨粉、油脂类、脱脂奶粉、乳清(whey)、卤水、矿物质饲料、酵母类等中混合乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类来制造。此外,例如也可以像青贮饲料的情况那样,添加乳酸菌、经过发酵工序来制造饲料。制造的饲料能够向一般性的哺乳动物、家畜类、鱼类、观赏动物等经口投喂。此外,在鱼类的情况下,能够采用将乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者添加了其产生的多糖类的发酵物撒到养鱼场中的方法。
饲料组合物中的乳酸菌的菌体或者其培养物或发酵物的含量可根据饲料的形式、适用对象来适当设定,所包含菌体的含量优选在1×106~1×1012cfu/g或1×106~1×1012cfu/ml的范围内,更优选在1×107~1×1011cfu/g或1×107~1×1011cfu/ml的范围内。在乳酸菌为死菌的情况下,cfu/g或cfu/ml能够替换为个细胞/g或个细胞/ml。在乳酸菌产生多糖类的情况下,在饲料组合物中,多糖类以重量换算计,通常包含0.001重量%以上,进一步优选包含0.01重量%以上。
作为本发明的化妆品组合物的化妆品,可举出例如肥皂、沐浴露、清洁霜、洗面奶等清洗剂;化妆水(lotion)、雪花霜、冷霜、润肤霜、按摩霜等霜;乳液、美容液等。通过向这些化妆品通常所使用的材料添加本发明的乳酸菌的菌体、或者其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类,能够得到本发明的化妆品组合物。
在本发明的化妆品组合物中,优选使用乳酸菌的发酵蛋清,上述乳酸菌的发酵蛋清例如可以通过将鸡等鸟类的蛋打破,分离蛋黄,向得到的液状的蛋白中添加本发明的乳酸菌,使其发酵来得到。这样的乳酸菌的发酵一般可以使用葡萄糖等作为营养源,且根据需要添加酵母提取物、凤梨果汁、酒糟、烧酒糟等植物乳酸菌的增殖促进物质,使其发酵。乳酸菌的发酵蛋清的形式根据配合的化妆品不同,可举出例如液状、粉末状、膏状、糊状、果冻状等。
本发明的化妆品组合物使用的乳酸菌的菌体或者其培养物或发酵物的含量可根据化妆品的形式、适用对象来适当设定,所包含菌体的含量优选在1×106~1×1012cfu/g或1×106~1×1012cfu/ml的范围内,更优选在1×107~1×1011cfu/g或1×107~1×1011cfu/ml的范围内。在乳酸菌为死菌的情况下,cfu/g或cfu/ml能够替换为个细胞/g或个细胞/ml。例如在乳酸菌的发酵蛋清的情况下,发酵蛋清的含量以发酵蛋清的脱水物换算计,通常为0.001重量%以上,进一步优选为0.01重量%以上。在乳酸菌产生多糖类的情况下,在化妆品组合物中,多糖类以重量换算计,通常含有0.001重量%以上,优选包含0.01重量%以上。
4.本发明的组合物的用途
属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应具有抑制作用,具有抑制I型过敏、特别是过敏反应的作用。因此,属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类能够用于预防或改善花粉过敏、过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、皮肤瘙痒、结膜炎等I型过敏。特别地,属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类由于具有过敏反应抑制作用,因此能够用于预防或改善食物等经口摄取导致的过敏反应、药品等引起的经由皮肤、粘膜的非侵入性暴露导致的过敏反应、被昆虫等蜇刺等的侵入性暴露导致的过敏反应等。此外,本发明的组合物因为对I型过敏的预防或改善有效,所以特别地,能够用作维持健康、增进健康用的饮食的素材。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进一步详细地进行说明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
乳酸菌的分离和鉴定
1.乳酸菌样品的分离
选择无花果(品种“とよみつ姫”)的叶、茎和果实,使用已杀菌的镊子和剪子将其剪成2~3mm的细小碎片,然后,向已灭菌的装有MRS液体培养基的试管中各放入5~6个碎片,在28℃和37℃静置培养,直至作为乳酸菌的标准培养基的MRS培养基浑浊(增殖)为止。需要说明的是,到能够目视乳酸菌候选株的增殖为止,需要2~4天。
用一次性接种环将上述乳酸菌候选株的各培养液的一部分在MRS琼脂培养基上进行划线接种后,进行静置培养。在琼脂培养基上所形成的菌落之中,挑选全部“颜色、光泽、形状不同的菌落”,在新鲜的MRS琼脂培养基上进行划线接种,纯化菌落。
为了对纯化了的各菌落验证是否产生了过氧化氢酶,进行H2O2测试。该试验法是将菌体暴露在10%的H2O2溶液中,观察是否生成氧的试验法,如果过氧化氢酶存在,则会生成氧。需要说明的是,乳酸菌不产生过氧化氢酶。
尝试从无花果中探索分离,其结果是,从以无花果的叶作为分离源的样品中,能够得到1株显示过氧化氢酶阴性的乳酸菌候选株。
2.分离株的鉴定
在MRS液体培养基上,再次培养上述乳酸菌候选株,通过离心取得菌体。用细胞壁溶解酶处理后,使用DNAzol试剂,提取基因组DNA。
按照在Lane,D.J.(1991).16S/23S rRNA sequencing.In Nucleic AcidTechniques in Bacterial Systematics、pp.115-175.Edited by E.Stackebrandt&M.Goodfellow.Chichester:Wiley中记载的方法,以基因组DNA为模板,通过使用27f引物和1525r引物的PCR反应使16S rDNA部分扩增,使用NucleoSpin凝胶(NucleoSpin Gel)和PCR产物纯化试剂盒(PCR Clean-up kit)(Macherey Nagel公司制),用琼脂糖凝胶回收目标片段。使用大染料终止子循环测序人卵泡抑素快速反应试剂盒ver.3.1(Big Dye TerminatorCycle Sequencing FS Ready Reaction Kit ver.3.1)(ThermoFisher Scientific公司制)进行基于用于测定碱基序列的终止(Dye terminator)法的测序反应,用ABI PRISM3130xl基因分析仪(ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer)(ThermoFisher Scientific公司制)进行解析。对解析的16S rDNA的碱基序列进行通过BLAST程序(BLAST program)的同源性搜索,与DNA数据库(DNA数据库)(DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank)中的数据库进行比较,由此进行分离株的分类学鉴定。
将从无花果的叶中分离的乳酸菌候选株命名为IJH-SONE68菌株,由于与已经登记在DNA数据库(DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank)中的“Lactobacillus paracasei R094”菌株的碱基序列的accession编号为“NR_025880”的碱基序列100%一致,因此鉴定为Lactobacillusparacasei。
该菌株于2016年4月19日在国家技术评估学会专利微生物保藏中心(〒292-0818日本千叶县木更津市Kazusa镰足2-5-8 122号室)以保藏编号NITE P-02242进行日本国内保藏,其后基于布达佩斯条约移交至国际保藏,于2017年5月26日得到NITE BP-02242的国际保藏的保藏编号。
3.被分离鉴定的乳酸菌的菌学性质
被分离鉴定的上述乳酸菌IJH-SONE68菌株如图1的照片所示,其为过氧化氢酶阴性的革兰氏阳性杆菌,且具有白色菌落形成性,具有条件性异乳酸发酵的特性,且具有产生多糖类的能力。
4.分离鉴定的乳酸菌对糖类的同化能力
(1)同化能力的试验方法
通过以下的试验方法调查IJH-SONE68菌株对49种糖类的同化能力。
将IJH-SONE68菌株在MRS液体培养基静置培养至增殖的稳定期。离心,用适量的悬浮介质(suspension medium,bioMerieux公司制)将得到的菌体洗净后,最终在2mL的悬浮介质中悬浮。将这一部分加入到5mL的悬浮介质中,求出麦克法兰浊度成为2的量(n)。接下来,向API 50CHL培养基(bioMerieux公司制)添加2n的菌液,将其分别注入至API 50CHL试剂盒(bioMerieux公司制,各孔底分别涂有49种的糖)的各孔内。最后叠加矿物油层,放入装有灭菌水的托盘中。在37℃培养48小时后,观察各孔的色调的变化,由此进行同化能力的有无的判定。
5.同化能力的试验结果
调查IJH-SONE68菌株对49种糖类的同化能力的结果如表1所示。
[表1]
IJH-SONE68菌株对糖类的同化能力
底物 | 同化能力 |
对照 | - |
甘油 | - |
赤藓醇 | - |
D-阿拉伯糖 | - |
L-阿拉伯糖 | - |
D-核糖 | + |
D-木糖 | - |
L-木糖 | - |
D-核糖醇 | + |
甲基-βD-木吡喃糖苷 | - |
D-半乳糖 | + |
D-葡萄糖 | + |
D-果糖 | + |
D-甘露糖 | + |
L.山梨糖 | + |
L-鼠李糖 | - |
半乳糖醇 | - |
肌醇 | - |
D-甘露糖醇 | + |
D-山梨糖醇 | - |
甲基.αD-甘露吡喃糖苷 | - |
甲基-αD-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | - |
N-乙酰葡萄糖胺 | + |
苦杏仁苷 | - |
熊果苷 | - |
七叶苷+柠檬酸铁 | + |
水杨素 | + |
D-纤维二糖 | + |
D-麦芽糖 | + |
D-乳糖 | - |
D-蜜二糖 | - |
D-蔗糖 | + |
D-海藻糖 | + |
菊粉 | - |
D-松三糖 | + |
D-棉子糖 | - |
淀粉 | - |
糖原 | - |
木糖醇 | - |
龙胆二糖 | + |
D-松二糖 | - |
D-来苏糖 | - |
D-塔格糖 | + |
D-岩藻糖 | - |
L-岩藻糖 | - |
D-阿拉伯糖醇 | - |
L-阿拉伯糖醇 | - |
葡萄糖酸 | + |
2-酮葡萄糖酸 | - |
5-酮葡萄糖酸 | - |
表中,+表示能够同化,表示不能同化。
实施例2
1.IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖类的分离提纯
用以下的方法对IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖类进行分离提纯。
将IJH-SONE68菌株在MRS液体培养基中静置培养,直至增殖的稳定期。将5mL的该培养液作为菌原液,接种至5L的多糖类产生用半合成培养基(其组成后述),在37℃静置培养120小时。将培养液冷却至4℃后,为了使培养液上清液中所含的蛋白质变性、在之后的步骤中作为沉淀除去,加入202.5mL的100%三氯乙酸水溶液,混合后静置30分钟。通过离心去除沉淀,向回收的上清液中加入等量的丙酮,进行混合后,使其在4℃静置一晚,由此使IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖沉淀。通过离心回收沉淀物后,用250mL的70%乙醇进行沉淀物的洗净。使沉淀物风干后,加入75mL的50mM Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 8.0),混合1小时,由此使沉淀物溶解。通过离心去除不溶性的杂质后,向回收的上清液中分别加入750μL的1mg/mL DNase溶液(Worthington公司)和1mg/mL RNase溶液(Nacalai Tesque公司),使其在37℃反应8小时。接下来加入750μL的2mg/mL蛋白酶K溶液(和光纯药工业公司制),使其在37℃反应16小时。将反应后的溶液冷却至4℃后,为了使添加的各个酶变性、在接下来的离心中作为沉淀除去,加入8.75mL的100%三氯乙酸水溶液,进行混合,在4℃静置1小时。通过离心除去沉淀物,向得到的上清液加入262.5mL的100%乙醇,充分混合后,通过离心将IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖类作为沉淀物回收。用50mL的70%乙醇将沉淀物洗净后,使其风干,加入适量(约25mL)的纯化水,在4℃静置一晚,由此使多糖类溶解。对于溶解后的多糖类样品,使用10000MWCO的超滤单元(Merck公司),将溶剂置换为纯化水并除去回收的样品中的单糖类等小分子,得到提纯的多糖类样品。
将提纯的多样类样品上样到填充有预先用50mM的Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH8.0)平衡过的TOYOPEARL DEAE-650M树脂(Tosoh株式会社)的开放柱(2.5×22cm),进行为了分离提纯中性多糖组分与酸性多糖组分的过柱。溶液使用同一缓冲液,流速固定为1mL/min。此外,洗脱液每6mL为一单位,回收至不同的试管中。首先,从开始到240分钟之间用同一缓冲液使其溶出(试管编号1-40)。接下来,从240分钟的时刻起到600分钟的时刻为止,制作使用同一缓冲液的0-500mM NaCl的浓度梯度,继续溶出(试管编号41-100)。柱分离谱图示于图2。通过苯酚硫酸法(后述)对溶出在试管的所有样品确认出多糖类的存在后,将相应的试管内的溶液分别作为中性多糖组分、酸性多糖组分进行合并。对于各个组分,使用10000MWCO的超滤单元,将溶剂置换为精制水并除去回收的样品中的单糖类等小分子。
通过以上的方式,将IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖类分离提纯为中性多糖组分和酸性多糖组分。
多糖类产生用半合成培养基为将Kimmel SA、Roberts RF.Development of agrowth medium suitable for exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillusdelbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus RR.Int.J.Food Microbiol.、40、87-92(1998)所记载的培养基按如下所述进行改变。
多糖类产生用半合成培养基[g/L]
葡萄糖:20
吐温80:1.0
柠檬酸铵:2.0
乙酸钠:5.0
MgSO4·7H2O:0.1
MnSO4·5H2O:0.05
K2HPO4:2.0
细菌蛋白胨(Bacto casitone):10.0
维生素溶液:2mL
微量元素溶液:1mL
维生素溶液:[g/L]
4-氨基苯甲酸:0.05
生物素:0.001
叶酸:0.025
硫辛酸:0.025
烟酸:0.1
泛酸:0.05
吡哆胺-HCl:0.25
维生素B12:0.05
吡哆醇:0.025
核黄素:0.05
硫胺素:0.1
微量元素溶液记载于Kets EPW,Galinski EA,de Bont JAM.Carnitine:a novelcompatible solute in Lactobacillus plantarum.Arch.Microbiol.,192,243-248(1994),其组成为如下所述。
微量元素溶液:[g/L]
25%HCl:10mL
FeCl2·4H2O:1.5
CoCl2·6H2O:0.19
MnCl2·4H2O:0.1
ZnCl2:0.07
H3BO3:0.006
Na2MoO4·2H2O:0.036
NiCl2·6H2O:0.024
CuCl2·2H2O:0.002
苯酚硫酸法(DuBois M,Gilles KA,Hamilton JK,Rebers PA,Smith F.,Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.,Anal.Chem.,28,350-356(1956))
混合30μL的对象样品与等量的5w/v%苯酚水溶液后,加入150μL的浓硫酸,使其混合,使反应开始。10分钟后立刻用冰冷却,使反应停止。通过测定反应液在490nm处的吸光度来测定糖类的浓度。另外,在浓度的确定中,使用通过将葡萄糖作为标准品进行同一试验而制作的标准曲线。
2.胞外中性多糖的结构解析
将通过上述的阴离子交换柱色谱(TOYOPEARL DEAE-650M树脂(Tosoh株式会社))所提纯的中性多糖进行H-NMR和C-NMR,得到的各自的NMR图谱示于图3。由这些NMR图谱得到的中性多糖的结构解析结果示于图4。
根据该结构解析结果可知,IJH-SONE68菌株产生的胞外中性多糖具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构。
3.胞外酸性多糖的糖组成分析
用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定通过上述的阴离子交换柱色谱所提纯的酸性多糖,来进行糖组成分析。
混合10μL的提纯的酸性多糖(7.3mg/mL)与60μL的水,制备7倍稀释试样溶液,提取20μL的制备的稀释试样溶液至试管中,进行减压干燥,添加100μL的2mol/L三氟乙酸,溶解,进行氮置换、减压封管,在100℃水解6小时,接下来进行减压干燥。向得到的残余物中添加200μL的水,溶解,用0.22μm的过滤器过滤,得到测定用试样溶液,用水将测定用试样溶液稀释10倍,得到稀释测定用试样溶液。分析50μL的这些测定用试样溶液和稀释测定用试样溶液。作为分析设备,使用HPLC系统:LC-20A系统(株式会社岛津制作所)和荧光分光光度计M-10AxL(株式会社岛津制作所)。分析条件为以下所述。
柱:TSK-gel Sugar AXG 4.6mmI.D.×15cm(Tosoh株式会社)
柱温度:70℃
流动相:0.5mol/L硼酸钾缓冲液,pH8.7
流动相流速:0.4mL/min
柱后标记:反应试剂:l w/v%精氨酸、3w/v%硼酸
反应试剂流速:0.5mL/min
反应温度:150℃
检测波长:Ex.320nm Em.430nm
求出由胞外酸性多糖制备的试样的色谱图和各单糖类的标准曲线数据,通过标准曲线求出胞外酸性多糖的构成糖的试样中浓度。得到的结果示于表2。
[表2]
胞外酸性多糖的糖构成
表中,n.d.表示未被检出。
实施例3
IJH-SONE68菌株对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应的抑制作用
按照如下记载的方法调查实施例1中得到的IJH-SONE68菌株的乳酸菌对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应的抑制作用。
1.试验方法
(1)小鼠试验用样品的制备
用果汁培养基(凤梨果汁的最终浓度:50%,日本酒提取物的最终浓度:10%)将Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株培养48小时,将发酵液浓缩2倍,作为小鼠试验用的样品。推测该样品以约40mg/L的浓度含有包含中性多糖组分和酸性多糖组分的多糖类,其中,上述多糖类为在实施例2中得到的IJH-SONE68菌株产生的多糖类。
(2)试验使用的试剂
卵清蛋白(OVA)(Cat.A5503-5G,Grade V)和氢氧化铝(Cat.239186-25G)购自SIGMA-ALDRICH,KOH、伊文思蓝(EvansBlue)、磷酸、丙酮购自和光纯药工业,蒸馏水和生理盐水购自株式会社大冢制药工厂。
(3)方法
动物使用雄性BALB/c AnNCrlCrlj系小鼠(7周龄,日本Charles River株式会社:进货时)。小鼠在饲养笼饲养1~5只,在调节至温度:20~25℃、湿度:40~70%、换气次数:13次以上/小时、照明时间:12小时(7:00~19:00)的环境的动物饲养室进行饲养,饲料为固体饲料CRF-1(Oriental Yeast株式会社),使其自由摄取。此外,关于饮水,使其自由摄取过滤器过滤水。
小鼠运入后,驯化约1周。驯化饲养后,测定小鼠的体重,以各组的体重为均等的方式进行分组(A组:投喂水;B组:投喂IJH-SONE68菌株凤梨果汁发酵液)(A组:9只,B组:9只)。以该时刻为Day 0,从Day 0开始以1次/天的频率连续30天向小鼠经口给药样品。另外,每天的给药容量为0.75mL/只。同时,在Day 0~30的期间内对所有的小鼠每周进行1次体重测定。另外,体重测定在给药样品前进行。
在Day 14对所有的小鼠以0.2mL/只的给药量,将OA抗原溶液(20μg OVA+2mg氢氧化铝)进行腹腔内给药(抗原致敏)。其后,在Day 30向小鼠的左耳廓以10μL/只的给药量将1%OVA溶液进行皮下给药,接下来,以0.25mL/只的给药量将0.5%伊文思蓝溶液进行尾静脉给药。30分钟后,通过颈椎脱臼使小鼠安乐死,确认死亡后,采集左右耳廓。
采集的耳廓分为左右,分别放入试管,加入0.75mL的1N KOH,在37℃历经1晚溶解。向其中加入9.25mL的以5∶13混合的0.2M磷酸与丙酮的混合液,振荡。将上清液移至微孔板,在620nm处测定吸光度。色素漏出量以左右耳廓的伊文思蓝量的差算出。另外,数据用平均值±标准误差表示,组间的显著性差异检验使用利用Welch方法的t检验,如果准确率(p值)小于0.05,则判定为具有显著性差异。
通过以上的方法,评价样品对小鼠主动性皮肤过敏反应(ACA)的抑制作用的有无。
2.试验结果
伊文思蓝色素漏出量的测定结果示于表3。
[表3]
不同实验用小鼠个体的色素漏出量
个体编号 | A组(对照组) | B组(样品投放组) |
1 | 3.16 | 5.87 |
2 | 4.06 | 0.45 |
3 | 4.51 | 0.45 |
4 | 2.26 | 0.90 |
5 | 6.77 | 4.06 |
6 | 4.06 | 3.16 |
7 | 4.51 | 3.16 |
8 | 4.96 | 4.51 |
9 | 6.32 | 1.35 |
平均 | 4.51 | 2.66 |
SE | 0.47 | 0.65 |
此外,得到的结果也示于图5。从小鼠各个体回收左右两耳廓,从左耳廓漏出的色素量的平均值按各组别示于图5的图表中。另外,此时,从右耳廓的色素漏出量作为空白对照使用。
从表3和图5可知,就色素漏出量而言,对照组(A组:投喂水)为4.51±0.47μg/mL,样品给药组(B组)为2.66±0.65μg/mL。与对照组进行比较,可确认样品给药组显示约41%的显著性的抑制作用(p<0.05)。根据以上的结果可知,IJH-SONE68菌株凤梨果汁发酵液的抗原致敏前后的反复经口给药,抑制了使用以卵清蛋白作为抗原而致敏的小鼠的ACA反应。可认为本样品在抗原抗体反应(IgE依赖性)中,具有抑制抗体产生的可能性。
从以上的详细说明可知,根据本发明,可提供以下发明。
[1]一种用于预防或改善I型过敏的组合物,其以乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分,所述乳酸菌为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株、或属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌。
[2]根据上述[1]所述的组合物,其用于预防或改善过敏反应。
[3]根据上述[1]或[2]所述的组合物,其中,所述乳酸菌为来自无花果的乳酸菌。
[4]根据上述[1]至[3]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述乳酸菌为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株(保藏编号NITE BP-02242)或与其同等的乳酸菌。
[5]根据上述[1]至[4]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述培养物或发酵物是在凤梨属植物果汁的存在下,将乳酸菌进行培养或发酵得到的培养物或发酵物。
[6]根据上述[1]至[4]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述多糖类为具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖。
[7]根据上述[1]至[4]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述多糖类是主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。
[8]根据上述[1]至[7]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为饮食组合物。
[9]根据上述[8]所述的组合物,其中,所述饮食为饮料、功能性食品、发酵食品或保健品。
[10]根据上述[1]至[7]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为药品组合物。
[11]根据上述[1]至[7]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为饲料组合物。
[12]根据上述[1]至[7]中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为化妆品组合物。
[13]一种将组合物用于预防或改善I型过敏的用途,所述组合物的有效成分为乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类,所述乳酸菌为Lactobacillusparacasei IJH-SONE68菌株、或属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌。
[14]根据上述[13]所述的用途,其中,所述组合物用于预防或改善过敏反应。
[15]根据上述[13]或[14]所述的用途,其中,所述乳酸菌为来自无花果的乳酸菌。
[16]根据上述[13]至[15]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述乳酸菌为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株(保藏编号NITE BP-02242)或与其同等的乳酸菌。
[17]根据上述[13]至[16]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述培养物或发酵物是在凤梨属植物果汁的存在下,将乳酸菌进行培养或发酵得到的培养物或发酵物。
[18]根据上述[13]至[16]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述多糖类为具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖。
[19]根据上述[13]至[16]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述多糖类为主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。
[20]根据上述[13]至[19]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述组合物为饮食组合物。
[21]根据上述[20]所述的用途,其中,所述饮食为饮料、功能性食品、发酵食品或保健品。
[22]根据上述[13]至[19]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述组合物为药品组合物。
[23]根据上述[13]至[19]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述组合物为饲料组合物。
[24]根据上述[13]至[19]中任一项所述的用途,其中,所述组合物为化妆品组合物。
[25]一种预防或改善对象的I型过敏的方法,其包含:将包含Lactobacillusparacasei IJH-SONE68菌株或属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分的组合物应用于需要它的对象。
[26]根据上述[25]所述的方法,其能够改善或预防过敏反应。
[27]根据上述[25]或[26]所述的方法,其中,所述乳酸菌为来自无花果的乳酸菌。
[28]根据上述[25]至[27]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述乳酸菌为Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株(保藏编号NITE BP-02242)或与其同等的乳酸菌。
[29]根据上述[25]至[28]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述培养物或发酵物是在凤梨属植物果汁的存在下,将乳酸菌进行培养或发酵得到的培养物或发酵物。
[30]根据上述[25]至[28]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述多糖类为具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖。
[31]根据上述[25]至[28]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述多糖类为主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。
[32]根据上述[25]至[31]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述组合物为饮食组合物。
[33]根据上述[32]所述的方法,其中,所述饮食为饮料、功能性食品、发酵食品或保健品。
[34]根据上述[25]至[31]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述组合物为药品组合物。
[35]根据上述[25]至[31]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述组合物为饲料组合物。
[36]根据上述[25]至[31]中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述组合物为化妆品组合物。
产业上的可利用性
如以上详细说明的,本发明的组合物对I型过敏的预防或改善有效,特别是能够用于过敏反应的预防或改善。本发明的组合物能够用作预防或改善过敏反应等I型过敏的饮食、药品、饲料、化妆品。而且,本发明的组合物由于以属于副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillusparacasei)的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类为有效成分,因此安全性高、可长期使用,并且可廉价大量供给,其有用性和实用性非常高。
Claims (12)
1.一种组合物,以属于副干酪乳杆菌、即Lactobacillus paracasei的乳酸菌的菌体、其培养物或发酵物、或者其产生的多糖类作为有效成分,用于预防或改善I型过敏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其用于预防或改善过敏反应。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中,所述乳酸菌为来自无花果的乳酸菌。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述乳酸菌为保藏编号NITE BP-02242的Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68菌株、或与其同等的乳酸菌。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述培养物或发酵物是在凤梨属植物果汁的存在下,将乳酸菌进行培养或发酵所得到的培养物或发酵物。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述多糖类为具有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过α-1,6键连接的结构的中性多糖。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述多糖类为主要由葡萄糖和甘露糖构成的酸性多糖。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为饮食组合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,所述饮食为饮料、功能性食品、发酵食品或保健品。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为药品组合物。
11.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为饲料组合物。
12.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物为化妆品组合物。
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