CN111557424B - 一种磁场处理改善发芽藜麦抗氧化能力的方法 - Google Patents
一种磁场处理改善发芽藜麦抗氧化能力的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁场处理改善发芽藜麦抗氧化能力的方法,属于食品加工技术领域。本发明提供的方法简单快速高效,可缩短藜麦发芽时间,减少发芽成本,并增加发芽藜麦的抗氧化性,提高发芽藜麦的营养品质和保健功能,可以使处理48h的发芽藜麦中多酚含量达到6.04mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率达到73.4%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁场处理改善发芽藜麦抗氧化能力的方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa),苋科藜属双子叶假谷物,原产于南美洲安第斯山脉地区,是印加土著居民的主要传统食物,在当地有约7000年的种植历史,素有“粮食之母”、“超级粮食”等美誉。藜麦营养价值远高于小麦、水稻和玉米等传统谷物。其蛋白质含量丰富,并且不含麸质蛋白。藜麦含有16种氨基酸,包括9种人体必需氨基酸,组成比例均衡,适宜人体吸收,其中赖氨酸和组氨酸含量较高,补充藜麦食品可以改善我国膳食结构导致的“赖氨酸缺乏症”,是孕产妇婴幼儿的优质营养源。不仅如此,藜麦与其他常见谷物对比脂肪含量较高,含有多种不饱和脂肪酸(如亚油酸和α-亚麻酸),且不饱和脂肪酸含量约占总脂肪酸的70%。藜麦的矿物质含量十分丰富,尤其是钙、镁、铁等含量都远远高于谷类作物。藜麦优越的营养价值决定其有突出的健康促进作用和药用价值。由于藜麦种植的地域性,藜麦的产量受到限制,广大消费者对藜麦的认识还较为缺乏,目前,市面上的藜麦产品较少,也没有深入到消费者的日常饮食中。
发芽是改善谷物质构,提高其营养价值和生理活性的一种加工方式。藜麦在自然避光条件下的发芽方式存在周期较长(72~96h),发芽率不高的特点而导致发芽藜麦产品品质改善较弱磁场对生物具有普适性的磁效应,不同类型和强度的磁场对生物的生长和代谢均会产生不相一致的促进或抑制作用,而处理时间也会影响磁场对生物作用的强弱。
发明内容
为了提高藜麦的营养价值并缩短发芽周期,本发明提供了一种磁场提高发芽藜麦多酚含量的方法。本发明的发芽方法简单,快速高效,缩短藜麦发芽时间,增加发芽藜麦的抗氧化性,是一种全面提高发芽藜麦的品质的发芽方法。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种提高发芽抗氧化能力的方法,采用磁场促进藜麦发芽,以提高发芽藜麦的多酚含量;所述磁场为强度0.5-2mT的静磁场或交变磁场。
在一种实施方式中,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)选择籽粒饱满、无霉烂和病虫害的完整的藜麦,放入次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡,进行消毒处理;
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的藜麦清洗至表皮不再附有次氯酸钠溶液;
(3)用去离子水浸泡步骤(2)洁净的藜麦,使藜麦吸水充分;
(4)将藜麦平铺于纱布上,置于磁场环境中,间断洒水、更换纱布,发芽24~48h。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(1)是将藜麦在浓度为10~20g/L的次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡20~40min。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(2)用去离子水冲洗2~3次。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(3)用20~25℃的去离子水浸泡藜麦10~22h。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(4)将藜麦置于22~26℃、磁场强度为0.5~2mT的环境中,培养至少24h。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中次氯酸钠溶液的体积为藜麦的5倍。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中次氯酸钠溶液的浓度为15g/L。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中次氯酸钠的浸泡时间为30min。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中用去离子水冲洗3次。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(3)中去离子水的水温为25℃。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(3)中采用的去离子水的体积为藜麦的10倍。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(3)中去离子水的浸泡时间为12小时。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中磁场环境为1.5mT的静磁场。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中藜麦发芽的温度为25℃,湿度为90%,由磁场自带的间歇喷雾加湿功能完成。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(4)所述的发芽时间为48h。
在一种实施方式中,步骤(4)所述的洒水方式为每隔24h洒水和更换纱布一次。
在一种实施方式中,所述磁场环境由磁场催化培养箱提供。
在一种实施方式中,所述磁场催化培养箱可选用英都斯特(无锡)感应科技有限公司的磁场催化培养箱或磁场催化恒温恒湿箱。
本发明的第二个目的是提供应用上述任一所述方法得到的抗氧化性提高的发芽藜麦;所述发芽藜麦含有6.04mg/g的多酚。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种藜麦芽粉;所述藜麦芽粉是以所述发芽藜麦为原料,经过粉碎制备得到。
在一种实施方式中,所述藜麦芽粉的制备工艺为:将发芽藜麦芽置于恒温干燥箱中,在42~55℃下干燥10~15h,粉碎制得藜麦芽粉备用。
本发明的第四个目的是提供应用所述藜麦芽粉制备得到的藜麦芽原浆。
在一种实施方式中,所述藜麦芽浆的磨浆工艺为:磨浆温度为60℃,磨浆时间为5min,磨浆液料比为6:1mL/g,磨浆的pH为6.5。
本发明的第五个目的是本发明所述的藜麦芽原浆在藜麦芽饮料中的应用。
本发明还要求保护所述的藜麦芽在制备藜麦营养粉,藜麦面包、藜麦谷物棒、藜麦啤酒、藜麦酸奶中的应用。
有益效果:本发明提供的一种磁场处理改善发芽藜麦品质的方法简单、快速、高效,能够显著缩短藜麦发芽时间,提高发芽率和芽长度,减少发芽成本,并增加发芽藜麦的抗氧化性,提高发芽藜麦的营养品质和保健功能。经本申请的方法处理48h的发芽藜麦中多酚含量为6.04mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率达到73.4%以上。
具体实施方式
多酚含量的测定方法:取125μL酚类物质提取液,加入500μL蒸馏水和125μL福林酚试剂,静置6min。然后加入1.25mL 7%(w/v)Na2CO3溶液,避光静置90min后,于760nm处测定吸光值。以没食子酸标准品做标准曲线,线性回归方程为y=0.0022x+0.001,R2=0.9997。总酚含量以每100g样品干重所含mg没食子酸当量表示(mg GAE/g DW)。
DPPH自由基清除率的测定及计算方法:试管中依次加入2mL DPPH乙醇溶液(0.1mmol/L),1.0mL样品液,1.0mL H2O与2mL无水乙醇,经混匀、避光静置30min后测吸光值(515nm),用相同体积的H2O做空白对照,并以没食子酸替代样品液做对照实验。DPPH自由基清除率按照下式计算:
DPPH自由基清除率(%)=[1-(A1-A2)/A0]×100%;
式中:A0表示未加样品液的DPPH溶液的吸光值;
A1表示加样品液的DPPH溶液的吸光值;
A2表示样品液和无水乙醇混合后的吸光值。
实施例1:
以多酚含量为3.68mg/g,DPPH为10.77%的藜麦为原料,按如下步骤制备发芽藜麦:
(1)选择籽粒饱满、无霉烂和病虫害的完整的藜麦,放入1.5%(m/v,即15g/L)次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡30min,进行消毒处理;
(2)将步骤(1)次氯酸钠溶液处理后的藜麦用去离子水冲洗3次,以使藜麦表皮不再附有次氯酸钠溶液;
(3)用藜麦体积10倍的25℃的去离子水浸泡步骤(2)清洗后的藜麦,浸泡12h使藜麦吸水充分;
(4)将藜麦平铺于纱布上,置于25℃、磁场强度为0.5mT的静磁场环境中,每隔24h洒水和更换纱布一次,防止发霉。24h和48h后,测定发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.42mg/g和5.71mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为45.76%和72.98%。
实施例2:
按如下步骤制备发芽藜麦:
(1)选择籽粒饱满、无霉烂和病虫害的完整的藜麦,放入1.5%(m/v,即15g/L)次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡30min,进行消毒处理;
(2)将步骤(1)次氯酸钠溶液处理后的藜麦用去离子水冲洗3次,以使藜麦表皮不再附有次氯酸钠溶液;
(3)用藜麦体积10倍的25℃的去离子水浸泡步骤(2)清洗后的藜麦,浸泡12h使藜麦吸水充分;
(4)将藜麦平铺于纱布上,置于25℃、磁场强度为1mT的静磁场环境中,每隔24h洒水和更换纱布一次,防止发霉。24h和48h后,测定发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.49mg/g和5.83mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为47.92%和73.17%。
实施例3:
按如下步骤制备发芽藜麦:
(1)选择籽粒饱满、无霉烂和病虫害的完整的藜麦,放入1.5%(m/v,即15g/L)次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡30min,进行消毒处理;
(2)将步骤(1)次氯酸钠溶液处理后的藜麦用去离子水冲洗3次,以使藜麦表皮不再附有次氯酸钠溶液;
(3)用藜麦体积10倍的25℃的去离子水浸泡步骤(2)清洗后的藜麦,浸泡12h使藜麦吸水充分;
(4)将藜麦平铺于纱布上,置于25℃、磁场强度为0.5mT,频率为50Hz的交变磁场环境中,每隔24h洒水和更换纱布一次,防止发霉。24h和48h后,测定发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.35mg/g和5.65mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为44.26%和71.55%。
实施例4:
按如下步骤制备发芽藜麦:
(1)选择籽粒饱满、无霉烂和病虫害的完整的藜麦,放入1.5%(m/v,即15g/L)次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡30min,进行消毒处理;
(2)将步骤(1)次氯酸钠溶液处理后的藜麦用去离子水冲洗3次,以使藜麦表皮不再附有次氯酸钠溶液;
(3)用藜麦体积10倍的25℃的去离子水浸泡步骤(2)清洗后的藜麦,浸泡12h使藜麦吸水充分;
(4)将藜麦平铺于纱布上,置于25℃、磁场强度为1mT,频率为50Hz的交变磁场环境中,每隔24h洒水和更换纱布一次,防止发霉。24h和48h后,测定发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.45mg/g和5.72mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为45.84%和73.01%。
实施例5:
具体实施方式同实施例1,区别在于,将磁场强度调整为2mT,结果显示,24h和48h后发芽藜麦中多酚含量分别为4.74mg/g和6.04mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为48.04%和73.4%。
实施例6:
具体实施方式同实施例1,区别在于浸泡时间由12h调整为22h,结果显示,24h和48h的发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.57mg/g和5.91mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为48.03%和73.05%。
实施例7
将实施例1的发芽藜麦置于恒温干燥箱中,在42~55℃下干燥10~15h,粉碎制得藜麦芽粉。
实施例8
向实施例6的藜麦芽粉中加入6倍体积的水,于60℃磨浆5min,制得藜麦芽浆。
对比例1:
具体实施方式同实施例1,区别在于,步骤(4)不施加磁场,结果显示,24h和48h的发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为3.98mg/g和5.01mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为25.94%和36.68%。
对比例2:
具体实施方式同实施例1,区别在于步骤(3)的浸泡时间由12h调整为8h,结果显示,24h和48h的发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为3.66mg/g和4.85mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为22.56%和38.04%。
对比例3:
具体实施方式同对比例1,区别在于,在第12h开始施加光强为12000LX的光照,结果显示,培养24h和48h的发芽藜麦多酚含量分别为4.78mg/g和5.53mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率分别为46.22%和72.61%。可见,在磁场的作用下,光照处理对发芽藜麦抗氧化能力和多酚含量的影响不大。
综合以上实施例和对比例的结果可以看出:于2mT静磁场中培养,藜麦发芽48h时多酚含量达到6.04mg/g,DPPH自由基清除率达到73.4%以上。并且在静磁场条件中培养的藜麦,多酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率均优于同等培养条件下交变磁场的处理效果。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高发芽藜麦抗氧化能力的方法,其特征在于,用20~25℃的去离子水浸泡藜麦10~22 h,再将藜麦置于22~26℃、磁场强度为0.5~2 mT的环境中,培养至少24h;所述磁场为静磁场或交变磁场。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将藜麦在次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡;
(2)清洗将步骤(1)处理后的藜麦;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的藜麦在水中浸泡;
(4)将藜麦平铺,置于磁场环境中24~48h,期间间断洒水。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)是将藜麦在浓度为10~20 g/L的次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡20~40 min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)用去离子水冲洗2~3次。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)还控制发芽环境中的湿度为85~95%。
6.权利要求1~5任一所述方法制备的发芽藜麦。
7.权利要求6所述发芽藜麦在制备藜麦芽粉或藜麦芽原浆中的应用。
8.权利要求6所述的发芽藜麦在制备藜麦营养粉、藜麦面包、藜麦谷物棒、藜麦啤酒、或藜麦酸奶中的应用。
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