CN111534890A - 一种天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于纳米纤维技术领域,具体涉及一种天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,利用高分子材料作为纺丝助剂,添加浓缩天然胶乳构成纺丝溶液,采用静电纺丝工艺制备珠粒形貌和尺寸可控的天然胶乳串珠纳米纤维,提供了一种简捷快速有效的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法和机械性能优良的天然胶乳串珠纤维,简化了串珠纤维的制备工艺,提高了串珠纤维的可控性,进一步拓宽了串珠纤维在过滤材料、组织工程、药物释放等领域的应用;其原理科学可靠,通过添加天然胶乳,调控纺丝溶液的性质,制备的天然胶乳串珠纤维能够有针对性的负载不同尺寸的药物、调控细胞的行为,同时可以实现对颗粒的梯度过滤,在医疗卫生材料和过滤材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于纳米纤维技术领域,具体涉及一种天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,能够的纤维能够应用于高性能低阻过滤材料、药物载体和人体组织敷料。
背景技术:
静电纺丝是一种制备纳米纤维的经济技术,具有体积比表面积大、孔隙率高等优点,在空气过滤材料、制备药物传递和组织工程应用的生物材料支架方面具有广阔的应用前景。
目前,静电纺纳米纤维空气过滤材料的制备技术大多都是将单一直径的纳米纤维直接沉积在传统过滤介质基材上,形成纳米纤维复合过滤材料,并通过控制工艺条件减小纳米纤维直径和增加纳米纤维膜厚度来提高其过滤效率,然而此种方式会导致过滤材料的阻力压降增大,净空气产出率降低,过滤能耗和成本增加。降低静电纺纳米纤维空气过滤材料阻力压降的方法主要是在纳米纤维膜中引入纳米颗粒,从而改变纳米纤维的结合形式。
串珠纳米纤维的特殊结构:珠子直径为1-2μm,被证明能够有效加载微颗粒药物,并在可持续释放药物方面显示出令人鼓舞的好处。串珠纳米纤维是一种潜在的纤维结构,可在微米尺度内有效地包封颗粒药物,并可在组织工程应用中实现药物的控释。着珠状纳米纤维在药物释放系统等方面的应用越来越广泛,研究者们的注意力从消除副产物来改善纳米纤维的均匀性转移到研究珠状纳米纤维形成的优化条件。表面张力和粘弹性的竞争是驱动珠状结构形成的关键参数。聚合物溶液的浓度是最基本和最实用的因素。
天然胶乳是一种组成复杂的橡胶-水基型分散体系,分散相为天然胶乳粒子、非橡胶离子,介质为水。天然胶乳中橡胶烃的含量占总固体物的80%以上,绝大部分为顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯,橡胶粒子大多呈球形,粒径在0.02-2μm,其中大约有10%的橡胶粒子直径大于0.2μm,橡胶粒子平均粒径为0.1μm,橡胶粒子在胶乳体系中做无规则的布朗运动,保持胶乳具有动力学稳定性。天然胶乳为植物提取使其无生物毒性、无致敏性、生物相容性较好、化学稳定性强等基本特征使得其在医学材料的应用方面有着极大的应用前景。聚乙烯醇(PVA)由聚醋酸乙烯酯水解而成,是一种水溶性、无毒、生物相容性好的聚合物,具有优异的热特性、透气性和化学性能。基于此,聚乙烯醇被广泛应用于粘合剂、过滤器、复合增强剂和局部给药。
现有技术中的串珠纤维制备方法存在制备工艺繁琐复杂,制备的串珠纤维可控性差,例如:中国专利201710315250.8公开的一种纳米蛛网/串珠纤维复合空气过滤膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:步骤(1):将聚合物溶解于溶剂中,加入无机盐,搅拌形成均匀稳定的纺丝溶液,使用所得的纺丝溶液进行静电喷网,将含有二维网状纤维膜和一维纳米纤维的纳米蛛网膜沉积在接收滚筒的铝箔表面,制备出纳米蛛网接收层;步骤(2):将聚合物溶解于溶剂中,搅拌形成均匀稳定的纺丝溶液,使用所得的纺丝溶液进行静电纺丝,将由连续纳米纤维和随机分布在其上的直径可达微米尺度的珠粒所组成的串珠纤维沉积在步骤(1)得到的纳米蛛网接收层表面,制备出串珠纤维层;步骤(3):将聚合物溶解于溶剂中,加入无机盐,搅拌形成均匀稳定的纺丝溶液,使用所得的纺丝溶液进行静电喷网,将含有二维网状纤维膜和一维纳米纤维的纳米蛛网膜沉积在步骤(2)得到的串珠纤维层表面,制备出纳米蛛网覆盖层;步骤(4):将经过步骤(1)-(3)得到的复合空气过滤膜在室温下放置2h后放入真空干燥箱内,在不超过45℃的温度下烘干,再在室温下放置12-24h,从铝箔表面揭下该复合空气过滤膜,得到结构和性能稳定的纳米蛛网/串珠纤维复合空气过滤膜;中国专利201610468010.7公开的一种珠粒形貌的串珠纤维材料采用下列制备方法中的一种制备获得:方法一,包括如下步骤:(1)将浓度为4~8wt%的丝素蛋白溶液置于温度为45~65℃的烘箱中,直至浓度为8~15wt%后,再置于通风橱中缓慢浓缩,得到浓度为20~35wt%的丝素蛋白溶液;用去离子水稀释至丝素蛋白浓度为0.1~2wt%,搅拌均匀,密封后置于温度为45~65℃的烘箱中,得到含有自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维的凝胶;将得到的自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维凝胶在超声波细胞粉碎仪中粉碎处理,得到浓度为0.1~2.0wt%自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维溶液;(2)将浓度为4~8wt%的高分子材料水溶液与自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维溶液混合,制备总浓度为3~6wt%的混合溶液;所述的高分子材料包括水溶性高分子材料聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种,或任意2~3种的混合物;(3)以制得的混合溶液为纺丝原液,采用静电纺丝工艺,得到一种珠粒形貌的串珠纤维材料;方法二,包括如下步骤:(1)将浓度为4~8wt%的丝素蛋白溶液风干后形成丝素蛋白膜,剪碎成粉末状;(2)将浓度为4~8wt%的丝素蛋白溶液置于温度为45~65℃的烘箱中,直至浓度为8~15wt%后,再置于通风橱中缓慢浓缩,得到浓度为20~35wt%的丝素蛋白溶液;用去离子水稀释至丝素蛋白浓度为0.1~2wt%,搅拌均匀,密封后置于温度为45~65℃的烘箱中,得到含有自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维的凝胶,经超声波细胞粉碎仪粉碎处理,得到自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维溶液;(3)将粉末状丝素蛋白膜与自组装丝素蛋白纳米纤维溶液混合,溶解于有机溶剂中,制备总浓度为4~12wt%的混合溶液;所述的有机溶剂包括甲酸、六氟异丙醇、丙酮、氯仿、二甲基亚砜、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺中的一种,或任意2~3种的混合物;(4)以制得的混合溶液为纺丝原液,采用静电纺丝工艺,得到一种珠粒形貌的串珠纤维材料。限制了串珠纤维在过滤材料、组织工程和药物释放等领域的应用。因此,研发设计一种简捷快速有效的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,以提供机械性能优良的天然胶乳串珠纤维材料。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,寻求设计一种天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,简捷快速有效的制备机械性能优良的天然胶乳串珠纤维。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法基于天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置实现,具体工艺过程包括制备高分子溶液、制备纺丝溶液和静电纺丝共三个步骤:
(一)制备高分子溶液:以高分子材料为溶质,以去离子水为溶剂,制备质量分数为2-10%的高分子溶液;
(二)制备纺丝溶液:将步骤(一)制备的高分子溶液与天然胶乳(NRL-60%wt)混合,得到纺丝溶液;
(三)静电纺丝:设定给料机构以0.02-0.3ml/min的速度将纺丝溶液输送进储液仓,待纺丝溶液从喷头稳定流出后,打开电源,施加电压为10-30kv的静电,开始静电纺丝,喷头与接收机构之间形成聚合物射流,落到接收机构上,收集并干燥,得到天然橡胶串珠纤维。
本发明涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置的主体结构包括供料机构、储液仓、喷头、接收机构、电源和接地导线;供料机构与储液仓连接,储液仓的底端与喷头连接,喷头的下方设置有接收机构,电源分别与喷头和接收机构连接后与接地导线连接。
本发明涉及的供料机构1能够按照设定的速度将纺丝溶液输送进储液仓;储液仓的容量大于等于5mL;喷头为纺丝喷头,包括单针喷头,喷头的直径为0.5-2.5mm;接收机构包括旋转滚筒、旋转框架、旋转圆盘和金属铝箔,制备单向有序排列的纤维时,选用旋转滚筒、旋转框架或旋转圆盘,制备无序排列的纤维时,选用金属铝箔;电源为高压直流电源。
本发明步骤(一)涉及的高分子材料为水溶性高分子材料,包括聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇中的一种或任意2-3种的混合物;步骤(二)涉及的纺丝溶液中得NR(天然橡胶)固含量的比重为1-25%;步骤(三)涉及的喷头与接收机构之间的垂直距离为7-30cm。
本发明涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法的原理是:纺丝溶液的性质(纺丝溶液的表面张力、黏度和电导率)决定静电纺丝形成光滑纤维还是串珠纤维,通过添加不同含量的天然胶乳自组装纳米纤维,实现调控纺丝溶液性质的目的,进一步制备珠粒形貌和尺寸可控的串珠纤维。
本发明与现有技术相比,利用高分子材料作为纺丝助剂,添加浓缩天然胶乳构成纺丝溶液,采用静电纺丝工艺制备珠粒形貌和尺寸可控的天然胶乳串珠纳米纤维,提供了一种简捷快速有效的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法和机械性能优良的天然胶乳串珠纤维,简化了串珠纤维的制备工艺,提高了串珠纤维的可控性,进一步拓宽了串珠纤维在过滤材料、组织工程、药物释放等领域的应用;其原理科学可靠,通过添加天然胶乳,调控纺丝溶液的性质,制备的天然胶乳串珠纤维能够有针对性的负载不同尺寸的药物、调控细胞的行为,同时可以实现对颗粒的梯度过滤,在医疗卫生材料和过滤材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明:
图1为本发明涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置的主体结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法的工艺流程图。
图3为本发明实施例1制备的天然胶乳串珠纤维的10um电镜扫描图。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的天然胶乳串珠纤维的2um电镜扫描图。
具体实施方式:
下面通过实施实例并结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1:
本实施例涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法基于天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置实现,具体工艺过程包括制备高分子溶液、制备纺丝溶液和静电纺丝共三个步骤:
(一)制备高分子溶液:以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为溶质,以去离子水为溶剂,制备质量分数为8%的PVA溶液:常温下(<30℃),将PVA粉末和去离子水置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌30min,然后加热并在95℃的水浴中使PVA完全溶解,最后冷却至室温备用;
(二)制备纺丝溶液:将步骤(一)制备的PVA溶液与NRL(60%wt)混合,得到NR固含量为8wt%的NRL/PVA纺丝溶液;
(三)静电纺丝:设定给料机构1以0.05ml/min的速度将纺丝溶液输送进储液仓2,待纺丝溶液从喷头3稳定流出后,打开电源5,施加电压为20kv的静电,在温度为20-35℃,湿度为50-65%的条件下开始静电纺丝,喷头3与接收机构4之间形成聚合物射流10,落到接收机构4上,收集并干燥,得到无序排列结构的天然橡胶串珠纤维。
本实施例涉及的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法的主体结构如图1所示,包括供料机构1、储液仓2、喷头3、接收机构4、电源5和接地导线6;供料机构1与储液仓2连接,储液仓2的底端与喷头3连接,喷头3的下方设置有接收机构4,电源5分别与喷头3和接收机构4连接后与接地导线6连接;喷头3为单针喷头;接收机构4为金属铝箔;喷头3与接收机构4之间的垂直距离为20cm。
本实施例制备的天然胶乳串珠纤维的纤维平均直径为321nm,珠粒平均直径为812nm,珠粒形态介于球形和纺锤形之间。
Claims (6)
1.一种天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于基于天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置实现,具体工艺过程包括制备高分子溶液、制备纺丝溶液和静电纺丝共三个步骤:
(一)制备高分子溶液:以高分子材料为溶质,以去离子水为溶剂,制备质量分数为2-10%的高分子溶液;
(二)制备纺丝溶液:将步骤(一)制备的高分子溶液与天然胶乳(NRL-60%wt)混合,得到纺丝溶液;
(三)静电纺丝:设定给料机构以0.02-0.3ml/min的速度将纺丝溶液输送进储液仓,待纺丝溶液从喷头稳定流出后,打开电源,施加电压为10-30kv的静电,开始静电纺丝,喷头与接收机构之间形成聚合物射流,落到接收机构上,收集并干燥,得到天然橡胶串珠纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于步骤(一)涉及的高分子材料为水溶性高分子材料,包括聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇中的一种或任意2-3种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于步骤(二)涉及的纺丝溶液中得NR固含量的比重为1-25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于步骤(三)涉及的喷头与接收机构之间的垂直距离为7-30cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于天然胶乳串珠纤维制备装置的主体结构包括供料机构、储液仓、喷头、接收机构、电源和接地导线;供料机构与储液仓连接,储液仓的底端与喷头连接,喷头的下方设置有接收机构,电源分别与喷头和接收机构连接后与接地导线连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的天然胶乳串珠纤维制备方法,其特征在于供料机构1能够按照设定的速度将纺丝溶液输送进储液仓;储液仓的容量大于等于5mL;喷头为纺丝喷头,包括单针喷头,喷头的直径为0.5-2.5mm;接收机构包括旋转滚筒、旋转框架、旋转圆盘和金属铝箔,制备单向有序排列的纤维时,选用旋转滚筒、旋转框架或旋转圆盘,制备无序排列的纤维时,选用金属铝箔;电源为高压直流电源。
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CN113171654A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 广东溢达纺织有限公司 | 一种过滤纤维层及其制备方法和口罩 |
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