CN111530919A - Cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil plant optimization restoration method based on black nightshade - Google Patents
Cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil plant optimization restoration method based on black nightshade Download PDFInfo
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- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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Abstract
A cadmium-arsenic combined pollution soil plant optimization restoration method based on black nightshade is characterized in that black nightshade seedlings are planted after the soil to be restored is pretreated and then incubated and conditioned by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the black nightshade is completely harvested after being mature, so that soil restoration is achieved. The method utilizes the special physical and chemical properties of the multi-walled carbon nano-tube and combines the growth characteristics of the cadmium hyperaccumulation plant solanum nigrum, so that the phytoremediation efficiency in the actual cadmium and arsenic polluted soil can be improved, the growth and adaptability of the solanum nigrum in the composite polluted soil are remarkably promoted, the mobility and the environmental risk of the cadmium and arsenic in the soil can be reduced, the operation is simple, the material taking is convenient, the effect is quick, and the method has practical significance for comprehensively improving the practical application and popularization of the phytoremediation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of environmental engineering, in particular to a plant optimization and restoration method for cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil based on black nightshade.
Background
The phytoremediation technology for the heavy metal pollution of the soil has the advantages of thorough pollutant removal, economy, environmental protection, less environmental disturbance and the like, so that the phytoremediation technology becomes a hotspot of the pollution remediation technology. The key to phytoremediation technology is the screening of hyperaccumulator plants, solanum nigrum (solanum μm nigrr μm L.) is a typical cadmium hyperaccumulator plant. The existing technology for soil remediation based on black nightshade mostly adopts abscisic acid solution, but the technology has certain environmental risk in the implementation process of spraying abscisic acid.
However, a hyper-accumulator plant generally only has a good absorption effect on a certain heavy metal, and the plant growth cycle is long, the repair efficiency is limited, and the problem of adapting to complex contaminated soil exists, so that the application of the plant repair technology in the field of actual soil repair is limited. In addition, the soil heavy metal pollution is not only single heavy metal element pollution, but also is often accompanied by the combined pollution of two or more heavy metals, wherein the cadmium-arsenic combined pollution is the most typical soil pollution condition existing in south. Therefore, how to improve the restoration efficiency of the super-accumulation plants in the composite polluted soil becomes a difficult point in the field of environmental restoration and a bottleneck of application of plant restoration technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plant optimization restoration method for cadmium-arsenic combined contaminated soil based on black nightshade, which utilizes the special physical and chemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and combines the growth characteristics of the cadmium hyperaccumulation plant black nightshade, so that the plant restoration efficiency in the actual cadmium-arsenic contaminated soil can be improved, the growth and adaptability of the black nightshade in the combined contaminated soil can be obviously promoted, the mobility and the environmental risk of the cadmium-arsenic in the soil can be reduced, the operation is simple, the material taking is convenient, the effect is fast, and the plant optimization restoration method has practical significance for comprehensively promoting the actual application and popularization of the plant restoration technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a cadmium-arsenic combined pollution soil plant optimization restoration method based on black nightshade, which is characterized in that black nightshade seedlings are planted after the soil to be restored is pretreated and is incubated and conditioned by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the black nightshade is completely harvested after being mature, so that the soil restoration is realized.
The soil to be repaired has cadmium concentration not more than 3mg/kg, arsenic concentration not more than 200mg/kg and pH within the range of 5.0-7.5.
The pretreatment is as follows: digging out 0-30cm polluted soil, removing large stones and other impurities, and crushing large-volume soil blocks to make the particle diameter of the soil blocks smaller than 1 cm.
The hatching conditioning means that: adding multi-wall carbon nano tubes according to the heavy metal content of the soil, uniformly stirring, irrigating a Hoagland nutrient solution, stabilizing for 1-2 weeks, and backfilling to the original site.
The hatching conditioning specifically comprises the following steps: adding multi-wall carbon nano-tubes with different dosages according to the heavy metal content of soil, wherein the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 0.3-1.5mg/kg, the concentration of arsenic in the soil is 40-200mg/kg, and the dosage of the added multi-wall carbon nano-tubes is 800 mg/kg; the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 1.5-3mg/kg, the concentration of arsenic is 40-200mg/kg, and the dosage of the added multi-wall carbon nano-tube is 800-1500 mg/kg.
The multi-wall carbon nano-tube is black powder without agglomeration, the purity is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, and the specific surface area is 230-2The grain diameter D50 is less than or equal to 10 mu m.
The Hoagland nutrient solution is a commercial Hoagland nutrient solution with the concentration of 1-10%, and the dosage is based on keeping the water content of 20% of the soil after 1-time irrigation.
The planting of the solanum nigrum seedling is preferably carried out by weeding, watering, building a shed for heat preservation, shading and watering, and watering to keep the water content of the soil at 20%; and when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, putting up a shed for heat preservation, and when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, shading, watering and cooling are carried out, so that the black nightshade can grow at the proper temperature of 10-35 ℃ for a long time.
The mature black nightshade is the black nightshade which is planted for 2-4 months after black nightshade seedlings are transplanted, and the fruiting stage is started.
The complete recovery means that: and (4) recovering the overground part and the underground part of the mature nightshade.
And (4) completely harvesting, preferably rolling 0-30cm of surface soil after harvesting, continuously irrigating the Hoagland nutrient solution, and beginning to plant the solanum nigrum in the next period.
Technical effects
The method integrally solves the technical problems that the method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by utilizing black nightshade in the prior art has general effect, limited application range, low black nightshade biomass and longer integral repair period in the actual complex soil repair condition. The invention can promote the growth of the black nightshade in the soil polluted by cadmium and arsenic, improve the stress resistance and the repair efficiency of the black nightshade in the actual environment of the soil polluted by the cadmium and arsenic, and reduce the mobility and the environmental risk of the cadmium and arsenic in the soil, thereby realizing the double repair effect on the ground and the underground.
The invention further has the technical effects that:
1) the growth of the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant solanum nigrum in the cadmium and arsenic combined polluted soil is promoted by utilizing the multi-walled carbon nano tubes and adding proper maintenance and management, the stress resistance and the repair efficiency of the solanum nigrum are improved, the application range of phytoremediation is expanded, and the method has practical significance for comprehensively promoting the practical application and popularization of the phytoremediation technology;
2) the method is established on the basis of a large number of material tests in the early stage, and the method is published, so that the growth of black nightshade is promoted, the heavy metals in soil are absorbed, the leaching toxicity of cadmium and arsenic in the soil is reduced, the mobility and the environmental risk of the cadmium and arsenic in the soil are reduced, and the double restoration effects of the ground and the underground are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the growth of Solanum nigrum under different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the example;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the leaching amount of cadmium TCLP in soil in the example;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the TCLP leaching amount of arsenic from soil in the example.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a method for plant-optimized remediation of cadmium-arsenic combined contaminated soil based on nightshade, and taking cadmium-arsenic combined contaminated soil of a farmland around a certain mine in liuyang city, hunan province as an example, specific properties of the soil are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil tested
From table 1, it can be seen that the farmland soil collected around a certain mining area of liuyang city in south of Hunan province is moderate-intensity composite contaminated soil with cadmium and arsenic content exceeding the national standard and showing weak acidity.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil pretreatment: digging out 0-30cm polluted soil, removing large stone branches and other impurities, and crushing large-volume soil blocks to enable the particle diameter of the soil blocks to be smaller than 1 cm;
step two, incubation and conditioning of soil: respectively applying multi-wall carbon nanotubes with the concentrations of 0, 100, 500 and 1000mg/kg to the soil according to the heavy metal content of the soil, uniformly stirring, irrigating a Hoagland nutrient solution with the concentration of 3 percent, filling the Hoagland nutrient solution into a plastic green planting pot with the caliber of 15cm, the height of 14cm, the bottom diameter of 10cm, balancing for 10 days, and repeating the treatment for 4 times and 5 times, wherein the total number of the treatment is 20;
the multi-walled carbon nanotube is a commercially available multi-walled carbon nanotube, has no agglomeration, has the purity of more than or equal to 97.5 percent and the specific surface area of 230-2The grain diameter D50 is less than or equal to 10 mu m.
Thirdly, transplanting plants: transplanting the black nightshade seedlings with 4 true leaves and consistent growth vigor into a pot plant, moving the pot plant to a greenhouse, daily irradiating by sunlight, keeping the temperature at 15-25 ℃ for a long time, irrigating running water every other day to keep the water content of the soil at a level of 20% for a long time, weeding every two weeks, and regularly photographing to observe the growth vigor of the black nightshade;
fourthly, harvesting plants: after two months of growth, the nightshade begins to bear, and the overground and underground parts of the nightshade are collected for analysis and sample measurement, as shown in figure 1; collecting root system soil to perform TCLP toxicity leaching experiment, rolling and stirring the collected soil again, irrigating 3% Hoagland nutrient solution at one time, and beginning to plant solanum nigrum in the next period.
TABLE 2 Effect of different concentrations of multiwall carbon nanotube treatment on the growth of Solanum nigrum
TABLE 3 influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different concentrations on the content of cadmium and arsenic in Solanum nigrum
As can be seen from fig. 1, table 2, and table 3, the multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment can effectively promote the root growth and the total biomass of the black nightshade, and enhance the adaptability of the black nightshade in the soil with cadmium-arsenic combined pollution. The growth promoting effect of the 500mg/kg multi-wall carbon nano-tube treatment is the best, compared with a control group, the biomass of the black nightshade is increased by 43.55% at most, the cadmium enrichment amount is increased by 42.90%, and the repair efficiency of the black nightshade in the cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil can be effectively improved.
As shown in the results of TCLP leaching toxicity tests of soil cadmium arsenic, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be found to simultaneously reduce the leaching amount of cadmium and arsenic, wherein the maximum leaching amount of cadmium and the leaching amount of arsenic can be reduced by 16.41% and 8.06% when the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are treated at 500mg/kg, and the migration and environmental risks of cadmium and arsenic in original polluted soil are reduced.
In conclusion, the method for effectively improving the phytoremediation efficiency of the cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil can promote the growth of the black nightshade in the cadmium-arsenic polluted soil, improve the stress resistance and the phytoremediation efficiency of the black nightshade in the actual combined polluted soil environment, and reduce the mobility and the environmental risk of the cadmium-arsenic in the soil, thereby realizing the overground and underground dual-remediation effect, and having practical significance for comprehensively improving the actual application and popularization of the phytoremediation technology.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A cadmium-arsenic combined pollution soil plant optimization restoration method based on black nightshade is characterized in that black nightshade seedlings are planted after hatching and conditioning are carried out by adopting multiwalled carbon nanotubes after soil to be restored is pretreated, and the black nightshade is completely harvested after being mature, so that soil restoration is realized;
the hatching conditioning means that: adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes according to the heavy metal content of the soil, uniformly stirring, irrigating a Hoagland nutrient solution, stabilizing for 1-2 weeks, and backfilling to the original site;
the black nightshade seedling is a cadmium hyper-enrichment plant black nightshade with 4-6 true leaves.
2. The method for the plant optimization and restoration of the cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil based on the black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment is as follows: digging out 0-30cm polluted soil, removing large stones and other impurities, and crushing large-volume soil blocks to make the particle diameter of the soil blocks smaller than 1 cm.
3. The method for plant optimization and restoration of cadmium arsenic combined polluted soil based on black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the incubation conditioning specifically comprises: adding multi-wall carbon nano-tubes with different dosages according to the heavy metal content of soil, wherein the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 0.3-1.5mg/kg, the concentration of arsenic in the soil is 40-200mg/kg, and the dosage of the added multi-wall carbon nano-tubes is 800 mg/kg; the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 1.5-3mg/kg, the concentration of arsenic is 40-200mg/kg, and the dosage of the added multi-wall carbon nano-tube is 800-1500 mg/kg.
4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multiwalled carbon nanotubes are black powder, have no agglomeration, have a purity of 97.5% or more, and have a specific surface area of 230-270m2The grain diameter D50 is less than or equal to 10 mu m.
5. The method for the plant optimization and restoration of the cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil based on the black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Hoagland nutrient solution is a commercial Hoagland nutrient solution with a concentration of 1-10%, and the amount of the Hoagland nutrient solution is based on that the soil is watered for 1 time to keep a water content of 20%.
6. The method for the plant optimization and restoration of the cadmium-arsenic combined pollution soil based on the black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the black nightshade is planted, and the planting comprises weeding, watering, building a shed for heat preservation, shading and watering, and the watering is carried out to keep the water content of the soil at 20%; and when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, putting up a shed for heat preservation, and when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, shading, watering and cooling are carried out, so that the black nightshade can grow at the proper temperature of 10-35 ℃ for a long time.
7. The method for plant optimization and restoration of cadmium arsenic combined polluted soil based on black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ripe black nightshade is the black nightshade cultivated for 2-4 months after black nightshade seedling transplantation, and fruiting stage is started.
8. The method for optimizing and repairing the cadmium-arsenic combined pollution soil plant based on the black nightshade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complete recovery is as follows: and (4) recovering the overground part and the underground part of the mature nightshade.
9. The method for optimizing and restoring the cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil plant based on the black nightshade as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the complete collection is carried out, the surface soil with the depth of 0-30cm is rolled after the collection, the Hoagland nutrient solution is continuously irrigated, and the black nightshade planting in the next period is started.
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| CN112317529A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-05 | 上海交通大学 | Chemical stabilization/high-temperature immobilization restoration method for organic arsenic contaminated soil in breeding industry |
| CN114029338A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | Optimized restoration method for black nightshade in moderate cadmium polluted soil |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |