CN109013676A - The method for promoting heavy metal to be transported to aerial part from root system of plant - Google Patents
The method for promoting heavy metal to be transported to aerial part from root system of plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN109013676A CN109013676A CN201810769671.2A CN201810769671A CN109013676A CN 109013676 A CN109013676 A CN 109013676A CN 201810769671 A CN201810769671 A CN 201810769671A CN 109013676 A CN109013676 A CN 109013676A
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- heavy metal
- plant
- carbon nanotube
- walled carbon
- root system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that promotion heavy metal is transported to aerial part from root system of plant, promote transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part using multi-walled carbon nanotube in this method.In the present invention, promotes heavy metal in the intracorporal transhipment of plant using multi-walled carbon nanotube, increase transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part, be completed at the same time and heavy metal in pollution environment is effectively removed.The present invention using multi-walled carbon nanotube promote heavy metal have many advantages, such as that easy to operate, easy to implement, applicability is wide from the method that root system of plant is transported to aerial part, invest low operating cost, cleanliness without any pollution, to environment nonhazardous effect, it is a kind of method that efficient, convenient, environmentally friendly promotion heavy metal is transported in plant, this method will not bring secondary pollution to environment simultaneously, suitable for using on a large scale, there are good application value and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the restoration of the ecosystem field of Heavy-metal Polluted Environment, it is related to a kind of promotion heavy metal and turns from root system of plant
The method for transporting to aerial part, and in particular to a kind of to promote heavy metal to be transported on the ground from root system of plant using multi-walled carbon nanotube
Partial method.
Background technique
In recent years, with the fast development of science and technology, industrialization, urbanization and intensive agriculture paces constantly add
Fastly, environmental problem caused by heavy metals emission is on the rise.Heavy metal can be directly entered atmosphere, water body, soil, also can be above-mentioned
It is migrated in three kinds of media, to directly pollute the environment.Since heavy metal can be bioaccumulation, to animals and plants,
The harm of the especially mankind is particularly acute.The common administering method of heavy metal pollution at present include physical method (soil moved in improve the original, soil removal and replacement,
Deep ploughing digs, is heat-treated, electromotion repairing technique), chemical method (chemical leaching) and biological method etc..Phytoremediation is a kind of straight
It connects and utilizes green plants absorption, fix, filter, the biotechnology of stabilizing heavy metal, heavy metal can pass through non-metabolic adsorption, metabolism
The modes such as absorption, symplast and apoplast transhipment are entered in plant by the external world, and are pressed in plant by transpiration and root
It is transported through in plant, and plant can be incited somebody to action by the binding effect of cell wall, the separating effect of vacuole, chelation etc.
Free-moving heavy metal is stablized in plant in environment.Compared with other processing techniques, phytoremediation belongs to in-situ immobilization,
It is low with processing cost, it is environmental-friendly the features such as, and vegetation formed after have protection surface soil, reduce corrode and soil erosion function
Effect.Therefore, phytoremediation can large-area applications in the reparation reclaimed with heavy metal pollution place in mine.
Phytoremediation has been applied to the improvement of various heavy metal polluted bed mud/soil, but finds in practical applications, will
Plant is for when handling heavy metal polluted bed mud/soil, most of heavy metal to be only stabilized in root system of plant, only small part
Heavy metal can be transported to the aerial part of plant.However, the heavy metal that root system is stable, bed mud/soil environmental background value the case where
Under, it may be re-released into pollution environment, constitute a threat to again to environment and geobiont；And it will be containing big after repairing
The root system of amount heavy metal is dug out, and needs to expend a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources, subsequent treatment cost is caused to increase.Thus how
The efficient and convenient transhipment for improving heavy metal in plant becomes a great problem of extensive development phytoremediation.Currently, existing
Have in technology mainly by addition chelating agent and joint microbial technique, increases the bioavailability of heavy metal in environment, and
Rarely have technology that heavy metal can be promoted in the intracorporal transhipment of plant.Therefore, it is necessary to find a kind of efficient, convenient, environmentally friendly promotion
The method that heavy metal is transported in plant provides better support for the extensive use of phytoremediation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide it is a kind of it is easy to operate, easy to implement,
Investment operating cost is low, cleanliness without any pollution, is transported to overground part from root system of plant to the promotion heavy metal of environment nonhazardous effect
The method divided.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A method of promote heavy metal to be transported to aerial part from root system of plant, promotes a huge sum of money using multi-walled carbon nanotube
Belong to the transhipment from root system of plant to aerial part.
Above-mentioned method, it is further improved, comprising the following steps: by multi-walled carbon nanotube and heavy metal polluted bed mud
And/or heavy-metal contaminated soil mixing, obtain heavy metal pollution mixture；By can enriching heavy metal planting in heavy metal
It is cultivated in pollution mixture, completes transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part.
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube is in the heavy metal pollution mixture
100mg/kg~1000mg/kg.
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the purity of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 95%~100%；The multi wall
The internal diameter of carbon nanotube is 5nm~10nm；The outer diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 10nm~20nm；The multi-walled carbon nanotube
Length be 10 μm~30 μm；The density of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 1.9g/cm3~2.1g/cm3。
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the heavy metal in the heavy metal polluted bed mud is cadmium, in lead, zinc, copper
It is at least one；Heavy metal in the heavy-metal contaminated soil is at least one of cadmium, lead, zinc, copper.
Above-mentioned method, it is further improved, in the heavy metal polluted bed mud initial concentration of cadmium be 15mg/kg~
25mg/kg, the initial concentration of lead are 250mg/kg~350mg/kg, and the initial concentration of zinc is 200mg/kg~300mg/kg, copper
Initial concentration be 100mg/kg~200mg/kg；The pH of the heavy metal polluted bed mud is 6~7；The heavy metal pollution bottom
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of mud is 10cmol/kg~12cmol/kg.
Above-mentioned method, it is further improved, in the heavy-metal contaminated soil initial concentration of cadmium be 15mg/kg~
25mg/kg, the initial concentration of lead are 250mg/kg~350mg/kg, and the initial concentration of zinc is 200mg/kg~300mg/kg, copper
Initial concentration be 100mg/kg~200mg/kg；The pH of the heavy-metal contaminated soil is 6~7；The heavy metal polluted soil
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of earth is 10cmol/kg~12cmol/kg.
Above-mentioned method, it is further improved, it is described can the plant of enriching heavy metal be ramie, rye grass, Phytolacca acinosa, rich fall
At least one of return.
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the ramie is Hunan ramie 3；The ramie children that the ramie is 2~4 months
Seedling.
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the cultivation is in outdoor progress；Controlled at 20 in the cultivation
DEG C~28 DEG C, humidity is 60%~70%, and light application time is 10h/ days~14h/ days.
Above-mentioned method, further improved, the time of the cultivation is 8 weeks~24 weeks.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
(1) the present invention provides a kind of method that promotion heavy metal is transported to aerial part from root system of plant, multi wall is utilized
Carbon nanotube promotes heavy metal in the intracorporal transhipment of plant, increases transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part, simultaneously
It completes to effectively remove heavy metal in pollution environment.In the present invention, multi-walled carbon nanotube can be absorbed by plants and can be in plant
Transhipment in vivo, and heavy metal can effectively improve weight in conjunction with multi-walled carbon nanotube, thus using multi-walled carbon nanotube
The migration rate of metal makes more heavy metals be transported to aerial part from root system, while can also reduce heavy metal in root system
Burst size and heavy metal a possibility that discharging again, thus reduce in root system that heavy metal may to environment and autochthons etc.
Caused by secondary pollution.It is only needed after the method for the present invention is handled by gathering in aboveground vegetation part, it can be more thoroughly by a huge sum of money
Category is removed from polluted bed mud/soil, and compared with traditional phytoremediation technology, the method for the present invention is eliminated chooses from environment
Heavy metal in root system, processing root system, significantly simplifies processing step and reduces processing cost.Side of the invention
Method have easy to operate, easy to implement, applicability is wide, investment operating cost is low, cleanliness without any pollution, to environment nonhazardous effect etc.
Advantage is a kind of efficient, convenient, environmentally friendly method that heavy metal can be promoted to transport in plant, while this method will not give
Environment brings secondary pollution, is suitable for large-scale use, there is good application value and ecological benefits.
(2) in the method for the present invention, transhipment of the heavy metal in plant is promoted using multi-walled carbon nanotube, wherein multi wall carbon is received
Mitron is a kind of environmentally friendly Carbon Materials, will not polluted underground water resource, because without secondary pollution caused by environment, and
The multi-walled carbon nanotube that the present invention uses can be used as a kind of bed mud/soil conditioner, improves bed mud/soil environment, such as adjusts
PH, increase soil fertility etc..
(3) in the method for the present invention, preferred ramie is a kind of important fiber crop, the title of " China's grass " is known as, at me
State's distribution is wide, yield is high, has many advantages, such as that source is wide, at low cost.Ramie is perennial plant, and power of regeneration is strong, well developed root system,
After handling in the process of the present invention, it is only necessary to gather in the aerial part of plant, the root system that the distribution of old place lower part reaches is able to maintain water and soil, administers
Soil erosion reduces soil erosion amount；And in terms of heavy metal improvement, used ramie can be benefited with plantation in 1 year, many years；
And gather in obtained ramie aerial part, longer ramee may be used as industrial textile, such as make fishing net, woollen blanket, fiber crops
Bag etc., and shorter ramee can be used as the raw materials such as fine paper, gunpowder, artificial silk, has good use value and answers
Use prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.
Fig. 1 is the influence that various concentration multi-walled carbon nanotube transports effect to heavy metal in ramie in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but not therefore and
It limits the scope of the invention.
In following present invention embodiment, unless otherwise noted, used material and instrument are commercially available, used technique
For common process, used equipment is conventional equipment, and the data obtained is the average value for repeating experiment more than three times.
Embodiment 1
A method of promote heavy metal to be transported to aerial part from root system of plant, promotes a huge sum of money using multi-walled carbon nanotube
Belong to the transhipment from root system of plant to aerial part, comprising the following steps:
(1) heavy metal polluted bed mud is taken from Xiang River areas in Changsha section, air-dried under field conditions (factors), it is spare after sieving.After air-drying
Main Heavy Metal is cadmium in heavy metal polluted bed mud, and the initial concentration of cadmium is 22.44mg/kg.Weight after this is air-dried
The pH of metallic pollution bed mud is 6.76, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 11.65cmol kg-1。
(2) different weight multi-walled carbon nanotube is respectively added to the weight after step (1) air-dries in a manner of solid-solid blend
In metallic pollution bed mud, the heavy metal pollution mixture of different multi-walled carbon nanotube concentration is obtained, wherein heavy metal pollution mixes
The concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube is 0,100mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg in object.The purity of multi-walled carbon nanotube used
It is 8nm for 98% internal diameter, outer diameter 15nm, length is 20 μm, density 2.0g/cm3。
(3) 2 months Raime seedlings (Hunan ramie 3) are transplanted to the different multi-walled carbon nanotubes that step (2) obtains respectively
It is cultivated in the heavy metal pollution mixture (as containing the heavy metal polluted bed mud of multi-walled carbon nanotube) of concentration, cultivates item
Part are as follows: light application time is 10h~14h, and temperature is 20 DEG C~28 DEG C, and humidity is 60%~70%.Ramie number be A0, A100,
A500, A1000, respectively corresponding multi-walled carbon nanotube concentration is the heavy metal-polluted of 0,100mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg
The ramie cultivated in dye mixture.
After cultivation 3 months, ramie A0, A100, A500, A1000 are gathered in, using graphite-atomic absorption spectrography (AAS)
The heavy metal cadmium content in ramie is measured, calculates the content (accumulation) of every plant of above-ground plant parts and whole strain plant cadmium, as a result
As shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Cadmium accumulation amount in ramie aerial part after the processing of 1 various concentration multi-walled carbon nanotube of table
Cadmium accumulation amount in whole strain ramie after the processing of 2 various concentration multi-walled carbon nanotube of table
As shown in Table 1, compared to the control group for being not added with multi-walled carbon nanotube, the present invention by using multi-walled carbon nanotube into
Row processing after ramie aerial part Cadmium accumulation amount significantly improve, wherein the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube be 100mg/kg,
When 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, corresponding ramie aerial part Cadmium accumulation amount be respectively g/ plants of 24.12 μ, g/ plants of 32.94 μ,
29.48 g/ plants of μ, compared with the control group for being not added with multi-walled carbon nanotube, Cadmium accumulation amount has been respectively increased 26.88%,
73.28%, 55.08%.As shown in Table 2, when the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube is 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, in whole strain ramie
Cadmium accumulation amount has only increased separately 17.96%, 5.78%, and amplification is well below ramie after the processing of same concentrations carbon nanotube
The increased accumulation of aerial part cadmium institute, and when the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube is 100mg/kg, Cadmium accumulation in whole strain ramie
Amount even reduces 5.18% compared with the control.In conjunction with Tables 1 and 2 it is found that the multi-walled carbon nanotube that the present invention adds can promote
The accumulation of heavy metal part on the ground.
Calculated according to the horizontal further progress of Accumulation of heavy metals in ramie body, obtain in ramie aerial part Cd accumulation amount with
The ratio of Cd accumulation amount in root system, the results are shown in Table 3.
The ratio of ramie aerial part and Cd accumulation amount in root system after the processing of 3 various concentration multi-walled carbon nanotube of table
As shown in Table 3, compared to the control group for being not added with multi-walled carbon nanotube, after the present invention is using multi-walled carbon nanotube processing
Ramie aerial part and the ratio of Cd accumulation in root system dramatically increase, wherein the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube be 100mg/kg,
When 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, in corresponding ramie aerial part and root system the ratio of Cd accumulation amount be respectively 0.61,0.69,
0.68, it is 1.61 times, 1.82 times, 1.79 times of control group respectively, this illustrates that the multi-walled carbon nanotube that the present invention adds can promote
Aerial part is transported into heavy metal under ground portion.
According to the calculating of heavy metal concentration in ramie body, the transhipment coefficient of ramie heavy metal cadmium, i.e. aerial part cadmium are obtained
The ratio of concentration and root system cadmium concentration, the result is shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is various concentration multi-walled carbon nanotube in the embodiment of the present invention 1 to ramie
The influence diagram of heavy metal transhipment effect in fiber crops.As shown in Figure 1, compared to the control group for being not added with multi-walled carbon nanotube, the present invention is adopted
The transhipment coefficient of heavy metal cadmium dramatically increases in ramie after being handled with multi-walled carbon nanotube, and wherein the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube is
The transhipment coefficient of heavy metal cadmium can reach 0.65 in ramie when 100mg/kg, and cadmium transhipment coefficient is only 0.36 in control group, this
Illustrate that the present invention can promote heavy metal in the intracorporal transhipment of plant well by adding multi-walled carbon nanotube, particularly, can incite somebody to action
More multi-metal in root system is transported to aerial part.
Comparative example 1
It is a kind of to promote heavy metal to be transported on the ground from root system of plant using nano zero valence iron (commercially available or conventional method is made)
Partial method, substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is only that: being replaced in (2) with nano zero valence iron the step of comparative example 1 more
Wall carbon nano tube.Ramie number is B0, B100, B500, B1000, respectively correspond nano zero valence iron concentration be 0,100mg/kg,
The ramie cultivated in the heavy metal pollution mixture of 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg.
Heavy metal cadmium content is calculated in ramie body after being handled according to nano zero valence iron, after obtaining nano zero valence iron processing
The ratio of Cd accumulation amount and Cd accumulation amount in root system in ramie aerial part, the results are shown in Table 4.
The ratio of ramie aerial part and Cd accumulation amount in root system after the processing of 4 various concentration nano zero valence iron of table
As shown in Table 4, compared to nano zero valence iron is not added with, addition concentration is the nano zero-valence of 100mg/kg, 500mg/kg
Iron can increase the ratio of Cd accumulation amount in ramie aerial part and root system, but incrementss are only 11% and 8%, far away from this hair
Multi-walled carbon nanotube treated incrementss are added in bright embodiment 1, particularly, the nanometer zero that addition concentration is 1000mg/kg
After valence iron, there is negative growth in ratio, this illustrate multi-walled carbon nanotube adopted by the present invention can more efficiently promote heavy metal from
Transhipment of the root system of plant to aerial part.
Above embodiments are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned reality
Apply example.All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It is noted that being led for this technology
For the those of ordinary skill in domain, improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for promoting heavy metal to be transported to aerial part from root system of plant, which is characterized in that utilize multi-wall carbon nano-tube
Pipe promotes transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the following steps are included: by multi-walled carbon nanotube and heavy metal
Polluted bed mud and/or heavy-metal contaminated soil mixing, obtain heavy metal pollution mixture；By can enriching heavy metal planting
It is cultivated in heavy metal pollution mixture, completes transhipment of the heavy metal from root system of plant to aerial part.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, multi-walled carbon nanotube in the heavy metal pollution mixture
Concentration is 100mg/kg~1000mg/kg.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the purity of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 95%~100%；
The internal diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 5nm~10nm；The outer diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 10nm~20nm；The multi wall
The length of carbon nanotube is 10 μm~30 μm；The density of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 1.9g/cm3~2.1g/cm3。
5. the method according to any one of claim 2~4, which is characterized in that the weight in the heavy metal polluted bed mud
Metal is at least one of cadmium, lead, zinc, copper；Heavy metal in the heavy-metal contaminated soil be cadmium, lead, zinc, in copper extremely
Few one kind.
6. the method according to any one of claim 2~4, which is characterized in that cadmium in the heavy metal polluted bed mud
Initial concentration is 15mg/kg~25mg/kg, and the initial concentration of lead is 250mg/kg~350mg/kg, and the initial concentration of zinc is
200mg/kg~300mg/kg, the initial concentration of copper are 100mg/kg~200mg/kg；The pH of the heavy metal polluted bed mud is 6
~7；The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the heavy metal polluted bed mud is 10cmol/kg~12cmol/kg；
The initial concentration of cadmium is 15mg/kg~25mg/kg in the heavy-metal contaminated soil, and the initial concentration of lead is 250mg/kg
~350mg/kg, the initial concentration of zinc are 200mg/kg~300mg/kg, and the initial concentration of copper is 100mg/kg~200mg/kg；
The pH of the heavy-metal contaminated soil is 6~7；The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the heavy-metal contaminated soil be 10cmol/kg~
12cmol/kg。
7. the method according to any one of claim 2~4, which is characterized in that it is described can the plant of enriching heavy metal be
At least one of ramie, rye grass, Phytolacca acinosa, macleaya cordata.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the ramie is Hunan ramie 3；The ramie is 2~4 months
Raime seedlings.
9. the method according to any one of claim 2~4, which is characterized in that the cultivation is in outdoor progress；The cultivation
Controlled at 20 DEG C~28 DEG C during training, humidity is 60%~70%, and light application time is 10h/ days~14h/ days.
10. the method according to any one of claim 2~4, which is characterized in that the time of the cultivation is 8 weeks~24
Week.
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