CN111514123B - 替洛酮类似物在抗病毒感染中的应用 - Google Patents
替洛酮类似物在抗病毒感染中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了替洛酮类似物在抗病毒感染中的应用。具体地,本发明涉及替洛酮类似物在制备用于预防和/或治疗冠状病毒、流行性感冒病毒、副流感病毒、巨细胞病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、单纯疱疹、水痘‑带状疱疹、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、登革热病毒、黄热病病毒、西尼罗病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃博拉病毒感染的药物中的用途,以及用于预防和/或治疗上述病毒感染的药物组合物。优选地,所述冠状病毒为2019新型冠状病毒(2019‑nCoV)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及替洛酮类似物在抗病毒感 染,尤其是抗冠状病毒感染中的应用。
背景技术
冠状病毒(Coronavirus,CoV)病毒学分类属于网巢病毒目 (Nidovirales)冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)冠状病毒属(Coronavirinae)。 冠状病毒根据其进化,又可分为α-冠状病毒、β-冠状病毒和γ-冠状病 毒(Gorbalenya AE,Enjuanes L,Ziebuhr J等,Nidovirales:evolving the largest RNA virus genome.Virus Res.2006,117:17-37)。
冠状病毒是直径为50-200nm的球状包膜病毒,其基因组为单链 正链RNA,共编码4种结构蛋白:刺突蛋白(S)、膜蛋白(M)、包 膜蛋白(E)和核衣壳蛋白(N)。其中S蛋白是唯一负责介导病毒进入 宿主细胞的蛋白。S是跨膜蛋白,分子量128-160kDa,S蛋白以三聚 体形式嵌于病毒外壳。每一个S蛋白又由S1和S2亚基组成,其中 Sl高度可变,主要功能是与宿主细胞表面受体结合;S2为保守区, 负责病毒的融合过程(Masters,PS.;Perlman,S.Coronaviridae.In: Knipe,DM.;Howley,PM.编,Fields virology.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins.2013,825-858)。当冠状病毒以pH依赖方式进入 宿主细胞后,遗传物质释放至胞浆,由于其基因组5’-甲基化和3’-poly A序列的结构特征,使其RNA可结合至核糖体并启动翻译过程,合 成多聚蛋白(Sethna PB,Hung SL,BrianDA.Coronavirus subgenomic minus-strand RNAs and the potential for mRNAreplicons.Proc Natl Acad Sci.l989,86:5626-5630)。冠状病毒的基因组还编码聚合酶,在该聚合酶的催化下,利用宿主元件可以以冠状病毒基因组RNA为 模板生成新RNA。当多聚蛋白和RNA基因组都被合成后,开始子代 新病毒包装,多聚蛋白由冠状病毒的蛋白酶水解,变为具有功能的结 构蛋白,此新生成的冠状病毒出芽,释放至细胞外并开始新一轮感染过程(Hogue BG,Machamer CE.Coronavirus structural proteins and virusassembly.In:Perlman S,Gallagher T,Snijder EJ编,Nidoviruses. Washington,DC:ASMPress.2008,179-200)。
冠状病毒感染哺乳动物和人的上呼吸道或消化道。现已知可感染 人类的冠状病毒共有七种:人冠状病毒OC43(HCoV-OC43)、人冠状 病毒229E(HCoV-229E)、人冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63)、人冠状病 毒HKU1(HCoV-HKU1)、重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)和最新流行的 2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)。人感染冠状病毒后一般引起呼吸系 统疾病,前四株冠状病毒通常引起人的普通感冒,而人感染后三种冠 状病毒的临床表现则为高致病性的呼吸窘迫症。
在2003年前,人们对人冠状病毒的通常认知是此类病毒感染会 引起患者低致死率的上呼吸道感染。HCoV-229E和HCoV-OC43即为上世纪六十年代从患者上呼吸道分离获得的毒株。据报道,冠状病毒 在全球范围内流行,10-15%的普通感冒是由冠状病毒感染引起。人感 染HCoV-OC43、HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63或HCoV-HKUl会引起普 通感冒,目前无针对上述四种病毒的疫苗或特效药物。
重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)患者感染SARS-CoV 初期症状为发热、肌肉酸痛、喉咙痛。随着病情发展,呼吸短而气 促,然后为病毒性肺炎症状或细菌性二次感染致肺炎。患者主要采 用干扰素及对症或支持治疗。
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)是另一种可传染人的冠 状病毒。MERS-CoV最早于2012年在沙特阿拉伯被分离,起初称为“新冠状病毒2012”。流行病研究结果显示,蝙蝠为该病毒的原始 宿主,大约在上世纪九十年代中期,该病毒由蝙蝠传播到骆驼,然 后又由骆驼传到人。现尚无证据显示该病毒可在人际间传播。中东 呼吸综合征的临床表现常见为发热、发热伴畏寒寒战、咳嗽、气短、 肌肉酸痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、腹痛等。
2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)是以前从未在人体中发现的 冠状病毒新毒株。人感染了2019新型冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道 症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病例中,感染可 导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭,甚至死亡。目前对于该 新型冠状病毒所致疾病缺乏特异治疗方法。在国家发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》中考虑试用干扰素雾 化吸入以及洛匹那韦/利托那韦进行抗病毒治疗,但上述治疗方法同 样缺乏特异性,临床治疗效果有待改善。
由于用于治疗冠状病毒感染的临床用药缺乏,因此对此类病毒的 药物研发具有重要意义。
上世纪70年代发现小鼠感染前口服盐酸替洛酮(2,7-双[2-(二乙 胺基)乙氧基]芴-9-酮二盐酸盐)对至少9种RNA和DNA病毒均有活性,其作用模式可能为诱导小鼠体内产生干扰素(Science.1970 Sep 18; 169(3951):1213-4;Science.1970 Sep 18;169(3951):1213-5)。之后, 又有国内学者将替洛酮类似物用于对矽肺进行疗效研究(程玉海等, 梯络龙类似物对实验性矽肺疗效的研究.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 1989,7(5):288-291;程玉海等,矽宁治疗矽肺的临床疗效观察.中华 劳动卫生职业病杂志,1996,14(3):135-138)。申请人在先申请的中国专利CN103896802A将替洛酮类似物用于预防和治疗肺纤维化,同样产生了有益的治疗效果。然而,迄今为止,尚未有报道将替洛酮类 似物用于预防和治疗包括2019新型冠状病毒在内的冠状病毒感染。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了替洛酮类似物在抗病毒感染 中的应用。具体地,本发明涉及替洛酮类似物在制备用于预防和/或治 疗病毒感染的药物中的用途,以及用于预防和/或治疗病毒感染的药物 组合物。优选地,所述病毒为冠状病毒,更优选为2019新型冠状病 毒(2019-nCoV)。
在一个方面中,本发明提供了以下结构的化合物及其药物可接受 的盐在制备用于预防和/或治疗病毒感染的药物中的用途。
其中X为:氮原子、碳原子、羰基、肟基、氧原子或甲醇基等基 团;R为:二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基乙氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡 咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4-甲基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基 乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述化合物满足以下条件:
a).所述结构式中X为氮原子;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基 乙氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4- 甲基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基;
b).所述结构式中X为碳原子;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基 乙氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4- 甲基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基;
c).所述结构式中X为羰基;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基乙 氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4-甲 基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基;
d).所述结构式中X为肟基;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基乙 氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4-甲 基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基;
e).所述结构式中X为氧原子;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基 乙氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4- 甲基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基;
f).所述结构式中X为甲醇基;R为二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基 乙氧基、二丙氨基乙氧基、吡咯烷基乙氧基、N-吗啡啉基乙氧基、4- 甲基哌嗪基乙氧基、N-哌啶基乙氧基或二甲氨基丙羰基。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括:(a)与无机酸形成的酸加 成盐,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等;(b)与有 机酸形成的盐,例如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、 葡糖酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、羟乙磺酸、乳糖酸、 鞣酸、棕榈酸、海藻酸、聚谷氨酸、萘磺酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、丙二酸、磺基水杨酸、乙醇酸、 2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、水杨酸、硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酸、扁 桃酸、乳酸、乙磺酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、 苏氨酸、丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸等;和(c)由元素阴离子形成的盐,例如氯、溴和碘。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述药学上可接受的盐的盐酸盐,更优 选为二盐酸盐。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述化合物满足以下条件:
a).所述化合物为BKP-01-010:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]-咔 唑·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-011:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-咔唑·二盐 酸盐、BKP-01-012:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]-咔唑·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-013:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-咔唑·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-014: 2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-咔唑·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-015:2,7-二-(哌嗪- 乙氧基)-咔唑·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-016:2,7-二-(4-甲基哌嗪-乙氧基)- 咔唑·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-017:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)-咔唑·二盐酸盐 或BKP-01-018:2,7-二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-咔唑·二盐酸盐;或
b).所述化合物为:BKP-01-020:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]- 芴·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-021:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴·二盐酸 盐、BKP-01-022:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-023:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-芴·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-024:2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-芴·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-025:2,7-二-(哌嗪-乙氧基)- 芴·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-026:2,7-二-(4-甲基哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-027:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)-芴·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-028:2,7- 二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-芴·二盐酸盐;或
c).所述化合物为:BKP-01-030:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]- 芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-031:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮-9 ·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-032:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-033:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-034:2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-035: 2,7-二-(哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-036:2,7-二-(4-甲基 哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-037:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)- 芴酮-9·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-038:2,7-二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-芴酮-9 ·二盐酸盐;或
d).所述化合物为:BKP-01-040:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]- 芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-041:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9 ·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-042:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-043:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-044:2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-045: 2,7-二-(哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-046:2,7-二-(4-甲基 哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-047:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)- 芴肟-9·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-048:2,7-二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-芴肟-9 ·二盐酸盐;或
e).所述化合物为:BKP-01-050:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]- 二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-051:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]- 二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-052:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]- 二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-053:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-二苯并 呋喃·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-054:2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-二苯并呋喃· 二盐酸盐、BKP-01-055:2,7-二-(哌嗪-乙氧基)-二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-056:2,7-二-(4-甲基哌嗪-乙氧基)-二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-057:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)-二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐或 BKP-01-058:2,7-二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐;或
f).所述化合物为:BKP-01-060:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲氧基]- 芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-061:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴醇-9 ·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-062:2,7-二[2-(二丙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-063:2,7-二-(吡咯烷-乙氧基)-芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、 BKP-01-064:2,7-二-(吗啡啉-乙氧基)-芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-065: 2,7-二-(哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-066:2,7-二-(4-甲基 哌嗪-乙氧基)-芴醇-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-067:2,7-二-(哌啶-乙氧基)- 芴醇-9·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-068:2,7-二[2-(二甲氨基)-丙羰基]-芴醇-9 ·二盐酸盐。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述化合物为BKP-01-021:2,7-二[2-(二 乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-030:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-甲 氧基]-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-031:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]- 芴酮-9·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-041:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9 ·二盐酸盐、BKP-01-58:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-丙羰基]-二苯并呋喃·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-61:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴醇-9·二盐酸 盐。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,所述化合物为BKP-01-041:2,7-二 [2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐。
所述BKP-01-041的制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)将原料芴溶于二氯甲烷中,0℃下滴加卤素的二氯甲烷溶液, 后升至室温,继续反应生成化合物2,7-二卤代芴;
b)将2,7-二卤代芴溶于冰醋酸中,加入氧化剂,回流反应生成 2,7-二卤代芴酮;
c)将2,7-二卤代芴酮和乙二氨乙醇溶于甲苯中,经缩合反应,然 后加入异丙醇氯化氢溶液成盐,生成2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴 酮·二盐酸盐;
d)将2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮·二盐酸盐溶于异丙醇 中,搅拌下加入盐酸羟胺,生成目标化合物BKP-01-041(2,7-二[2-(二 乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐)。
优选的,步骤a)的具体步骤包括:将芴溶于二氯甲烷中,冷却至 0℃,将溴的二氯甲烷溶液滴入反应体系中,0℃下保温0.5小时,后 升至25℃搅拌2小时。
优选的,步骤b)的具体步骤包括:将步骤a)得到的2,7-二溴芴溶 于冰醋酸中,加入三氧化铬冰醋酸溶液,加热回流5小时,得到2,7- 二溴芴酮。
优选的,步骤c)的具体步骤包括:将步骤b)得到的2,7-二溴芴酮 溶于甲苯中,加入氢氧化钾溶液,分批加入乙二氨乙醇盐酸盐,最后 加入四丁基溴化铵,回流30小时后。分层后,有机相蒸去溶剂后加 入氯化氢异丙醇溶液成盐,过滤得到2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴 酮·二盐酸盐。
优选的,步骤d)的具体步骤包括:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]- 芴酮·二盐酸盐溶于异丙醇中,搅拌下加入盐酸羟胺,搅拌3小时后 得到目标化合物BKP-01-041(2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二 盐酸盐)。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述病毒选自冠状病毒、流行性感冒病 毒、副流感病毒、巨细胞病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、单纯疱疹、水痘- 带状疱疹、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、登革热病毒、黄热病病毒、西尼罗 病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和埃博拉病毒。进一步优选地,所述病毒选自冠状病毒。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述冠状病毒选自人冠状病毒OC43 (HCoV-OC43)、人冠状病毒229E(HCoV-229E)、人冠状病毒NL63 (HCoV-NL63)、人冠状病毒HKU1(HCoV-HKU1)、重症急性呼吸综 合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)和2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,所述冠状病毒选自2019新型冠状 病毒(2019-nCoV)。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述冠状病毒感染为冠状病毒感染性肺 炎,优选新冠肺炎。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述药物还任选地包含至少一种其他治 疗剂。优选地,所述至少一种其他治疗剂针对所述病毒(优选冠状病 毒)具有活性。在进一步优选的实施方式中,所述治疗剂选自皮质类 固醇、抗炎信号转导调节剂、β2-肾上腺受体激动剂支气管扩张剂、 抗胆碱能药、粘液溶解剂、高渗盐水和其他用于治疗病毒感染,尤其是冠状病毒科病毒感染的药物;或它们的混合物。
可以将本发明的替洛酮类似物与至少一种其他治疗剂以单位剂 型组合同时或顺序施用于患者。联合治疗可以作为同时或顺序方案施 用。当按顺序施用时,组合可以是以两次或更多次施用给予。
本发明替洛酮类似物与至少一种其他活性治疗剂的共同施用通 常是指同时或顺序施用本发明替洛酮类似物和至少一种其他活性治 疗剂,使得治疗有效量的本发明替洛酮类似物和至少一种其他活性治 疗剂都存在于患者体内。
共同施用包括在施用单位剂量的一种或多种其他活性治疗剂之 前或之后施用单位剂量的本发明替洛酮类似物,例如在施用一种或多 种其他活性治疗剂的数秒、数分钟或数小时内施用本发明替洛酮类似 物。例如,可以首先施用单位剂量的本发明替洛酮类似物,然后在数 秒或数分钟内施用单位剂量的一种或多种其他活性治疗剂。或者,可以首先施用单位剂量的一种或多种其他治疗剂,然后在数秒或数分钟 内施用单位剂量的本发明替洛酮类似物。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述药物可为任何药学上可接受的剂 型,包括适用于不同给药途径的那些剂型。所述剂型可以方便地以单 位剂量形式呈现,并且可以通过药学领域众所周知的任何方法制备。 技术和配方通常可以在Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences(Mack PublishingCo.,Easton,PA)中找到。这些方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。一般而言,通过将活性成分与 液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合,然后如果需 要,使产品成型来制备制剂剂型。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,所述剂型为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、 喷雾剂、口服液、注射剂、混悬剂、栓剂、贴剂、干粉吸入剂。在一 个实施方式中,所述片剂可为缓释片剂或普通片剂。
进一步优选的剂型为缓释片剂。制备缓释片剂可减少用药次数, 延长药物作用时间,维持平稳的有效治疗浓度。相比于普通片剂规格, 缓释制剂的日给药剂量没有改变,但患者用药方便,依从性更好,同 时能够减轻毒副作用,降低由于血药浓度迅速升高而带来的不良症 状,并且达到较好的治疗效果。
为了将本发明药物制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种药 学上可接受的载体,包括稀释剂、黏合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、 助流剂。稀释剂可以是淀粉、糊精、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、 山梨醇、木糖醇、微晶纤维素、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙等;润湿剂可以是水、乙醇、异丙醇等;黏合剂可以是淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、微晶纤维素、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维 素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、 卡波姆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇等;崩解剂可以是干淀粉、微晶 纤维素、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤 维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪 酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠等;润滑剂和助流剂可以是滑石粉、二氧化硅、硬脂酸盐、酒石酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。
本发明化合物、组合物或药物的合适给药途径包括口服、直肠、 鼻、肺、局部(包括口腔和舌下)、阴道和肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静 脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)等。可以理解的是,优选途径可以根据 例如接收者的状况而变化。
本发明化合物、组合物或药物的有效剂量至少取决于所治疗病症 的性质、毒性、化合物是否正在预防性使用(较低剂量)或针对活性病 毒感染、递送方法和药物制剂,并且将由临床医师使用常规剂量递增 研究确定。可以预期每天每千克体重约0.0001至约100mg。例如,约70kg体重的成年人的每日候选剂量将在0.1mg至1000mg的范围内, 并且可以采取单剂量或多剂量的形式。在一个优选实施方式中,单剂 药物有效量的范围为0.1mg-1000mg,优选1mg-500mg。
在第二方面中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗病毒感染的 药物组合物,其包含本发明以上任一实施方式中所述的化合物及其药 物可接受的盐,以及任选的至少一种其他治疗剂,以及药学上可接受 的载体。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述病毒选自冠状病毒、流行性感冒病 毒、副流感病毒、巨细胞病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、单纯疱疹、水痘- 带状疱疹、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、登革热病毒、黄热病病毒、西尼罗 病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和埃博拉病毒。进一步优选地,所述病毒选自冠状病毒。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述其他治疗剂选自皮质类固醇、抗炎 信号转导调节剂、β2-肾上腺受体激动剂支气管扩张剂、抗胆碱能药、 粘液溶解剂、高渗盐水和其他用于治疗病毒感染,尤其是冠状病毒科 病毒感染的药物;或它们的混合物。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述冠状病毒优选选自2019新型冠状 病毒(2019-nCoV)。
在一个优选实施方式中,所述冠状病毒感染为冠状病毒感染性肺 炎,优选新冠肺炎。
附图说明
图1为BKP-01-041化合物的紫外光谱图。
图2为BKP-01-041化合物的HPLC含量测定图。
图3为BKP-01-041化合物的红外光谱图。
实施例
实施例1:本发明代表性化合物BKP-01-041(2,7-二[2-(二乙氨 基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐)的合成制备
如以上反应式所示,首先将芴(1.66Kg,10mol)溶于二氯甲烷(8L) 中,冷却至0℃,将溴(3.28Kg,20.5mol)的二氯甲烷(3L)溶液滴入反 应体系中,0℃下保温0.5小时,后升至25℃搅拌2小时。反应完全 后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液(3L)除去过量的溴,分层,有机相用3L 饱和食盐水洗涤3次,无水硫酸钠干燥2小时,浓缩,得到2,7-二溴 芴(3.16Kg,收率:98%)。
然后将2,7-二溴芴(3.16Kg,9.8mol)溶于15L冰醋酸中,滴入三 氧化铬冰醋酸溶液(1.0Kg(10mol)溶于10L冰醋酸中),加热回流5小 时。反应完全冷却至室温后,将饱和Na2CO3溶液滴入反应液中,调 节溶液pH值至为中性。过滤,将得到的黄色固体用5L水洗三次, 烘干得到2,7-二溴芴酮(3.13Kg,收率:95%)。
将2,7-二溴芴酮(3.13Kg,9.32mol)溶于20L甲苯中,加入KOH 溶液(2.6Kg(46.6mol)溶于10L水中),搅拌下分批加入乙二氨乙醇盐 酸盐(3.14Kg,20.5mol),最后加入150g四丁基溴化铵,加热回流30 小时。冷却至室温,分层,水相用甲苯(10L)萃取一次,合并有机相。 有机相用水(20L)洗涤两次,饱和食盐水(20L)洗涤3次,无水硫酸钠 干燥2小时,浓缩。剩余物加入20L异丙醇,滴入氯化氢异丙醇溶液 调节pH值至3,过滤。所的固体用异丙醇/甲醇(15L,V/V=2:1)重结 晶,过滤得到黄色固体2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮·二盐酸盐(3.82Kg,收率:85%)。
将2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮·二盐酸盐(3.82Kg,7.93mol) 溶于16L异丙醇中,分批加入盐酸羟胺(550g,7.93mol),加热回流, 反应5小时后,冷却至室温。过滤,将所得固体用异丙醇(15L)重结晶 两次,得到桔红色目标化合物BKP-01-041(2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧 基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐)(3.55Kg,收率:90%)。
实施例2:本发明代表性化合物BKP-01-021(2,7-二[2-(二乙氨 基)-乙氧基]-芴·二盐酸盐)的合成制备
如以上反应式所示,首先将芴(1.66Kg,10mol)溶于二氯甲烷 (8L)中,冷却至0℃,将溴(3.28Kg,20.5mol)的二氯甲烷(3L)溶液滴 入反应体系中,0℃下保温0.5小时,后升至25℃搅拌2小时。反应 完全后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液(3L)除去过量的溴,分层,有机相用3L饱和食盐水洗涤3次,无水硫酸钠干燥2小时,浓缩,得到2,7- 二溴芴(3.16Kg,收率:98%)。
然后将2,7-二溴芴(3.16Kg,9.8mol)溶于20L甲苯中,加入KOH 溶液(2.74Kg(49.0mol)溶于10L水中),搅拌下分批加入乙二氨乙醇盐 酸盐(3.31Kg,21.6mol),最后加入160g四丁基溴化铵,加热回流30 小时。冷却至室温,分层,水相用甲苯(10L)萃取一次,合并有机 相。有机相用水(20L)洗涤两次,饱和食盐水(20L)洗涤3次,无水硫 酸钠干燥2小时,浓缩。剩余物加入20L异丙醇,滴入氯化氢异丙醇 溶液调节pH值至3,过滤。所的固体用异丙醇/甲醇(15L,V/V=2:1) 重结晶两次,过滤得到黄色固体2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴·二 盐酸盐(3.58Kg,收率:78%)。
实施例3:本发明代表性化合物BKP-01-041(2,7-二[2-(二乙氨 基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐)的检测表征
3.1紫外吸收光谱
BKP-01-041结构中具有共轭体系,故测定其紫外吸收光谱及最 大吸收波长以进行本品的鉴别。
取BKP-01-041配成每1mL中含8μg的水溶液,照分光光度法(中 国药典2012年版二部附录ⅣA)用日本岛津UV-1750紫外分光光度 仪在波长200~400nm范围内扫描。实验测得BKP-01-041溶液在 263nm的波长处有最大吸收,其紫外扫描图谱见图1。
3.2高效液相色谱
依照高效液相色谱法测定(中国药典二部附录ⅤD)
仪器:日本岛津SDP-15C高校液相色谱仪,
色谱条件:色谱柱Diamonsil C18(250×4.6nm),流动相: 0.005mol/L己烷磺酸钠(pH 3.4±0.05)-甲醇(52:48),流速:1mL/min, 检测波长:263nm,柱温:30℃。
系统适用性:在上述色谱条件下,配置适宜浓度的BKP-01-041 对照品(经HPLC归一化法检查,纯度为99.9%)的水溶液,过滤, 进样,BKP-01-041的保留时间为8.48,峰形良好,且理论塔板数不 低于3000。色谱图见图2.
线性范围:精密称取105℃干燥至恒重的BKP-01-041对照品, 用水制成浓度为1,4,8,12,16μg/ml的溶液,各取20μL进样,记 录峰面积,并以BKP-01-041的峰面积为纵坐标,浓度为横坐标,进 行线性回归。结果表明:盐酸替络欧在1~16μg/ml范围内,线性关 系良好。回归方程(n=6)为:Y=120183X-2571.3r=0.9999。
精密度和稳定性:分别精密称取BKP-01-041原料药适量,用水 制成8μg/ml的供试溶液,精密量取20μL注入液相色谱仪,重复进样 6次,记录峰面积,RSD=0.45%;并于1、3、8、16、24h分别进样, 记录峰面积,结果表明供试品在24h内稳定。
样品测定:精密称取对照品和样品用水制成8μg/ml的溶液分别 精密量取20μL注入液相色谱仪,色谱图见图2,按外标法以峰面积 计算。
3.3红外吸收光谱
按照中国药典红外分光光度法(中国药典二部附录),用KBr 压片法,绘制了BKP-01-041在4000-500cm-1区间的红外光谱。实验 室温度20-23℃,相对湿度15~20%。仪器分辨力1cm-1。实验测得 BKP-01-041的红外吸收光谱图。v(cm-1):3269(OH),2977-2826(CH),2650-2490(NH),1633(CN),1460(CH),1292(OH)。具体参见图3。
实施例4:本发明代表性药物制剂的制备
4.1化合物BKP-01-041缓释片剂的制备
将缓释剂处方中的原、辅料充分混合均匀,粉碎,用8%的聚乙 烯吡咯烷酮K90乙醇溶液作为粘合剂,制粒,烘干,整粒,然后加入 硬脂酸镁混合均匀,压片机制成缓释片剂。
4.2化合物BKP-01-041干粉吸入剂的制备
将化合物BKP-01-041、亮氨酸和α-乳糖以质量比为1:0.5:1的比 例,溶解于10%的乙醇水溶液中,0.22μm微孔膜过滤,经过喷雾干 燥即可得到含有BKP-01-041干粉吸入剂含药粉末。
4.3化合物BKP-01-041普通片剂的制备
按常规方式制成片芯,用包衣法包隔离层,再用包衣法包糖衣, 制成10000糖衣片
4.4化合物BKP-01-041胶囊剂的制备
将上述处方中的原辅料,经粉碎、制粒、干燥、整粒、混合后, 填充羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊壳内即得。
实施例5:本发明代表性替洛酮类似物的LD50及干扰素滴定度比 较
在Wistar大鼠中进行本发明替洛酮类似物BKP-01-021、 BKP-01-030、BKP-01-031、BKP-01-041、BKP-01-058及BKP-01-061 的LD50及干扰素滴定度测定。
针对以上每种替洛酮类似物采用10只Wistar大鼠进行实验,以 2只为一组,分成5组,选择组距较大的一系列剂量,经口给药,观 察出现的症状并记录死亡数,找出LD50剂量所在的范围及化合物干 扰素滴定度。相应结果参见以下表1。
表1替洛酮类似物LD50及干扰素滴定度比较
注:每次剂量10mg/kg(PO)N=10
实施例6:本发明代表性化合物及部分抗病毒药物对埃博拉病毒 的治疗效果
参考现有技术文献(Sean Ekins et al.,Efficacy of TiloroneDihydrochloride against Ebola Virus Infection,Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy,February 2018 Volume 62 Issue 2)中报道的测试方法, 以氯喹、金霉素以及GS-5734等已有药物作为对照,对本发明代表性 化合物BKP-01-031、BKP-01-041等的抗埃博拉病毒EC50进行测定。
以BKP-01-031为代表的部分化合物实验结果参见以下表2。由 表2数据可见,BKP-01-031的EC50低于氯喹、金霉素等药物,具有 良好的抗病毒活性。需要说明的是,BKP-01-041等其它本发明测试 化合物同样具有与BKP-01-031相当或更优的抗埃博拉病毒活性。
表2小分子化合物对埃博拉病毒的治疗数据
实施例7:本发明代表性化合物的细胞毒性检测
冠状病毒HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63和MERS-CoV的敏感细胞 系分别为BHK-21、LLC-MK2、Vero-E6和DBT,为了测试本发明替 洛酮类似物的安全用药浓度,本研究使用MTT法检测了BKP-01-041 对这三种细胞系的毒性。检测原理是:活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢 酶能使外源性MTT还原为水不溶性的蓝紫色结晶甲臜并沉积在细胞 中,而死细胞无此功能。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能溶解细胞中的甲臜, 用酶标仪在相应波长处测定其光吸收值,在一定细胞数范围内,MTT 结晶形成的量与细胞数成正比。根据测得的吸光度值(OD值)来判断 活细胞数量,OD值越大,细胞活性越强,测药物毒性时则表示药物 毒性越小。
具体操作如下:将BHK-21、LLC-MK2和Vero-E6三种细胞分别 按照1×104细胞/孔接种于96孔培养板,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM 培养16小时至80%成片;之后吸弃培养液,换成含2%胎牛血清的 DMEM培养基;使用DMSO溶解BKP-01-041后,进一步用PBS稀 释,将BKP-01-041按终浓度为0.5uM,2uM,5uM,10uM加入细胞,每组浓度药物做三组平行,同时设置空白对照组和细胞对照组。放置 于37℃,5%CO2孵箱中继续培养72小时,每孔加入用PBS配制的 5g/L的MTT溶液20μL,继续培养4h。之后小心地弃掉上清液,每 孔用异丙醇100μL溶解沉淀物,并在96孔板振荡器上混匀30min, 最后使用多功能酶标仪在570nm波长下测定其吸光度值。根据公式计 算:细胞活性抑制率(%)=(药物组-空白对照组)/(细胞对照组-空白 组)×100%。以BKP-01-041的药物浓度为横坐标,以细胞增殖抑制率 为纵坐标,通过Graphpad Prism 7软件计算平均值和标准差拟合曲线 作图,将药物浓度转换为对数值后计算BKP-01-041的细胞毒性CC50。
实验结果参见以下表3。
表3 BKP-01-041对HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63和MERS-CoV 的抗病毒活性和细胞毒性
实施例8:本发明代表性化合物针对MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV 的抗病毒测定
将从肺组织分离的HAE细胞培养物在空气液体界面处培养6周 以促进分化。HAE培养物的顶端表面在用1×PBS感染前24小时和1 小时洗涤,然后在37℃用1×PBS感染>1小时。使用表达红色荧光蛋 白(MERS-CoV RFP)的重组MERS-CoV和表达绿色荧光蛋白 (SARS-CoV GFP)的重组SARS-CoV以0.1pfu/细胞的感染复数感染分 化的HAE培养物。为了感染HAE培养物,除去顶端清洗液,加入病 毒接种物,并将接种的培养物在37℃孵育2.5小时。除去接种物,HAE 培养物的顶端表面用500μL 1×PBS洗涤3次以除去残余病毒。以 10μM开始制备5个化合物BKP-01-041的3倍系列稀释液,一式三份, 并在感染前大约30分钟将其加入培养物基底外侧的HAE ALI培养基中。在48小时温育后通过细胞培养物的荧光成像评估病毒复制。此 外,通过在Vero细胞单层上通过空斑测定测量HAE顶端洗液中感染 性病毒的产量以及通过实时PCR测定定量来自总细胞RNA的病毒 RNA产量来定量病毒复制。实验结果参见以下表4。
表4 BKP-01-041对MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV的抗病毒活性和 细胞毒性
实施例9:本发明代表性化合物在Calu-32B4细胞中的体外功效
在感染前48小时,将Calu-32B4细胞以5×104个细胞/孔接种在 96孔黑色壁透明底板中。感染前24小时,更换培养基。将化合物 BKP-01-041的20mM储液在100%DMSO中以3倍递增连续稀释, 获得十点稀释系列。将MERS-nLUC在DMEM 10%FBS和1%抗生素/抗霉素中稀释以获得0.08的感染复数(MOI)。每种药物稀释度一式 三份感染细胞1小时,之后抽吸病毒,冲洗培养物一次并加入含有药 物或载体的新鲜培养基。在感染后48小时,根据制造商的方案,通 过纳米荧光素酶测定(Promega)在Spectramax(Molecular Devices)平板读数器上定量病毒复制。对于我们的100%抑制对照,将稀释的 MERS-nLUC暴露于短波紫外光(LLC,Upland,CA)6分钟以抑制病 毒复制的能力。对于我们的0%抑制对照,在载体存在下感染细胞。 DMSO在所有条件下保持恒定的0.05体积%(v/v)。将来自每个条件 的一式三份孔的值平均化并与对照进行比较,以产生每种药物稀释度 的抑制百分比值。EC50值定义为病毒复制减少50%时的浓度。使用 GraphPad PrisM6.0(La Jolla,CA)分析数据。使用剂量-响应(可变斜率) 方程(四参数逻辑方程)通过非线性回归分析计算EC50和CC50值:Y=底部+(顶部-底部)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)*Hill斜率))。“底部”和“顶部” 值由最小和最大Y值定义。Hill斜率是用于定义剂量-响应曲线陡度 的参数。计算EC50和CC50值作为2-4次独立实验的平均值。实验结 果参见以下表5。
表5 BKP-01-041对Calu-32B4细胞中的体外功效
实施例10:本发明代表性化合物BKP-01-041的I期临床研究
发明人已针对BKP-01-041进行了I期临床试验,对药代动力学 及耐受性进行临床研究并获得以下总结报告。
单次给药药代动力学研究结果表明,在试验剂量范围内,12名健 康受试者未出现严重不良反应,对盐酸替洛肟片(BKP-01-041片剂) 有较好的耐受性。
多次给药药代动力学研究结果表明,10名健康受试者中有1名因 个人原因中途退出试验,其余9名受试者未出现严重不良反应。
进食影响药代动力学研究结果表明,10名健康受试者未出现严重 不良反应,对盐酸替洛肟片有较好的耐受性。
单次给药的药动学研究结果表明,在50~150mg范围内,体内 药动学过程呈线性动力学特征,其药物浓度-时间数据符合二房室动 力学模型。
多次给药的药动学结果研究表明,按100mg/次,3次/天连续8 天方案,连续给药5天后盐酸替洛肟在体内可达稳态。100mg单次给 药和100mg多次给药的主要药动学参数药时曲线下面积(AUC)、 达峰浓度(Cmax)进行配对t检验,结果显示多次给药Cmax、AUC0 τ平均值比单次给药增高,差异有统计学显著意义(P<0.05)。
安全性方面,在单次给药耐受性试验中,28名健康受试者有6 名受试者出现胃肠道反应,1名出现总胆红素升高,其他健康受试者 没有发现任何不适临床症状。有1名健康受试者实验室检查出现血肌 酐轻度升高,但无任何临床症状。
在多次给药耐受性试验中,有7名健康受试者出现了不同类型的 轻度不良反应。其中有4名受试者出现实验室检查结果异常,但无临 床表现。另外3名受试者在试验的不同阶段表现出消化系统不良反应,主要有恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等,均很快消失(恶心、呕吐2小时 内消失,腹痛、腹泻在3日内消失)。
I期临床试验研究结果表明受试者对盐酸替洛肟片有较好的耐受 性和较高的安全性。
实施例11:本发明代表性化合物BKP-01-041对患者感冒、支气 管肺部感染频度及肺通气功能影响的研究
选择近3~4年内肺纤维化病变有肯定进展的、无肺心病、肺结核、 支气管哮喘或严重慢性支气管炎等合并症的患者245例(平均年龄58 岁)作为研究对象。采用分层配对随机分组法分成两组,治疗组患者157例,对照组患者88例。
治疗方法:采用双盲法分组服药。治疗组患者每日服用 BKP-01-041制剂300mg(100mg,每日3次),每周服用6天,3 个月为一疗程,两个疗程间隙时间为1个月,共治疗4个疗程。对照 组服用安慰剂,该制剂的剂量和外观色泽均与BKP-01-041制剂相同, 每日服用剂量、疗程均与治疗组完全一致。
观察项目:判断疗效指标的检查项目:按统一标准,每周记录临 床症状并进行体检,每个疗程前后进行血清铜兰蛋白、血清IgG及血 清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)检查,肺通气功能(用力肺活量FVC及 第1秒时间肺活量FEV1)的测定以及拍摄高仟伏X线后前位胸片(少数病历进行CT检查)等。
按临床统一疗效标准进行评定,凡患者疗后的感冒或支气管肺部 感染的频度比疗前有明显减少,临床症状与体征恢复正常并稳定在6 个月以上者为显效;凡疗后患病频度比调前减少,临床症状与体征恢 复正常并稳定在3个月以上者为好转;凡疗后患病频度与疗前无明显 改变者为无变化;凡疗后患病频度比疗前更严重者为加重。
由以下表6数据可见,采用BKP-01-041治疗后,患者的感冒及 支气管肺部感染频度明显减少,其有效率分别为80%及67%,与对照 组患者相比,差异具有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。
表6 BKP-01-041治疗后感冒及支气管肺部感染频度的变化
判断肺通气功能(FVC及FEV1)学校评价标准分为3级:通气 功能增加、无变化及功能减少。凡疗后比疗前的升高10%以上者为功 能增加;凡疗后的测定值比疗前的相差在±10%范围内者为无变化; 凡疗后比疗前的相差低于10%为减少。由以下表7可见,BKP-01-041 治疗组患者的治疗后FVC及FEV1均比对照组患者有明显增加,差异 具有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。
表7 BKP-01-041治疗后肺通气功能的变化
以上引用的所有出版物、专利和专利文献通过引用并入本文,如 同单独地通过引用并入。
已经参照各种特定且优选的实施方式和技术描述了本发明。然 而,本领域技术人员将理解,可以在保持在本发明的精神和范围内的 同时进行许多变化和修改。
Claims (9)
1.以下结构的化合物及其药物可接受的盐在制备用于预防和/或治疗病毒感染的药物中的用途:
其中X为:肟基或氧原子;R为:二乙氨基甲氧基、二乙氨基乙氧基或二丙氨基乙氧基,其中所述病毒选自埃博拉病毒、人冠状病毒OC43(HCoV-OC43)、人冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63)、重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)。
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物为BKP-01-031:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴酮-9·二盐酸盐或BKP-01-041:2,7-二[2-(二乙氨基)-乙氧基]-芴肟-9·二盐酸盐。
3.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述药物还任选地包含至少一种其他治疗剂。
4.权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述治疗剂选自皮质类固醇、抗炎信号转导调节剂、β2-肾上腺受体激动剂支气管扩张剂、抗胆碱能药、粘液溶解剂、高渗盐水和其他用于治疗病毒感染的药物;或它们的混合物。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用途,其中所述药物为任何药学上可接受的剂型。
6.权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述剂型为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、喷雾剂、口服液、注射剂、混悬剂、栓剂、贴剂、干粉吸入剂。
7.权利要求6所述的用途,其中所述片剂为缓释片剂或普通片剂。
8.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述病毒感染为冠状病毒感染性肺炎。
9.权利要求4所述的用途,其中所述病毒感染是冠状病毒科病毒感染。
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