CN111479963A - 用于处理织物的超疏水涂料 - Google Patents

用于处理织物的超疏水涂料 Download PDF

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CN111479963A
CN111479963A CN201880080231.4A CN201880080231A CN111479963A CN 111479963 A CN111479963 A CN 111479963A CN 201880080231 A CN201880080231 A CN 201880080231A CN 111479963 A CN111479963 A CN 111479963A
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acid
aqueous silane
silane emulsion
fabric
present
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M·费伦
C·戈夫
M·沃德
M·塔伊特伦金
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Henkel IP and Holding GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及基于特定的可水解硅烷、阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的硅烷含水乳液,包含可通过用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物获得的涂层的织物,以及根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液用于处理织物的用途。此外,本发明还涵盖用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物的方法,所述硅烷含水乳液通过从浓缩体系稀释而获得。

Description

用于处理织物的超疏水涂料
技术领域
本发明涉及基于特定的可水解硅烷、阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的硅烷含水乳液,包含可通过用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物获得的涂层的织物,以及根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液用于处理织物的用途。此外,本发明还涵盖用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物的方法。
背景技术
在过去的四十年,纺织服装工业使用一种主要的技术类型或化学涂层来赋予某些服装类型(户外服装系列、学校制服、某些高街系列)以防水性和防油性。在过去的几年中,由于环境问题和对人类健康的潜在影响,围绕使用这些化学品(全氟化碳-PFC)使衣服"防水"和"排水"已经引起了环境问题。因此,纺织工业正在过渡以远离使用这些化学品。然而,这样做时,一些服装系列上的一些性能要求可能需要放弃。在这个领域中,大多数企业已经开发出无氟替代品,然而这些材料中的一些不能满足先前通过PFC实现的所有性能要求,特别是在一些更具挑战性的织物基材上。
例如WO 2014/139931A1公开了一种增强织物的防水性和/或增强织物的防水溶性污垢的能力的施用方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将乳化的液体组合物施用在织物上,其中所述乳化的液体组合物由以下组分组成:
-水
-烷基烷氧基硅烷,其中所述烷基链具有10-30个碳原子或高于12个但等于或小于18个碳原子的长度
-至少一种乳化剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂和/或稳定剂
-水溶性酸催化剂和
-不可避免的杂质
b)任选地向组合物中加入氨基硅酮(silicone)以赋予柔软性和增强防水的耐久性
c)任选地调节施用在织物上的组合物的量
d)干燥经处理的织物直到干燥
e)在100-200℃的温度下使经处理的织物固化
f)任选地,通过用水洗涤,来从经处理的织物中除去未反应的组合物残余物,以及任选地,再干燥经处理的织物。
此外,WO 2016/000830 A1公开了一种组合物,其至少包含组分(A)和(B)和任选存在的组分(C)至(E)中的至少一种:(A)聚丙烯酸酯,其在组分(M1)CH2=CR3COOR1与(M2)CH2=CR3COOR2和任选存在的(M3)CH2=CR3-X-R4的聚合中获得;(B)蜡;(C)封端的异氰酸酯;(D)有机聚硅氧烷;(E)三聚氰胺树脂;其中R1是含有1-8个碳原子的残基;R2是含有9-40个碳原子的残基;R3=H、CH3、C2H5;X=COO、CONH;R4=缩水甘油基或CH2(CH2)n-OR5,其中n是1-10范围的整数且R5是H或含有1-6个碳原子的残基;并且其中所述组合物基于水和/或有机溶剂并且不含氟。
此外,WO 2016/000829 A1描述了一种组合物,其包含含有聚丙烯酸酯(A1)和蜡(B)的第一组分(I),和含有聚丙烯酸酯(A2)的第二组分(II),其中聚丙烯酸酯(A1)包含衍生自(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(M1)和(M2)以及任选存在的(M3)的部分,
(M1)CH2=CR3COO-R1
(M2)CH2=CR3COO-R2
(M3)CH2=CR3-X-R4
其中R1是单体(M1)中含有1-8个碳原子的醇部分;R2是单体(M2)中含有9-40个碳原子的醇部分;R3独立地选自H、CH3或C2H5;X为COO或CONH;R4为缩水甘油基或CH2(CH2)n-OR5,其中n为1-10范围内的整数,且R5为H或含有1-6个碳原子的残基;且聚丙烯酸酯(A2)是含氟聚丙烯酸酯;其中所述组合物基于水和/或有机溶剂。
然而,大多数市售织物涂层不是持久的,并且在10个洗衣循环后显著减少,给出了降低的喷雾等级,如根据DIN EN ISO 4920:2012-12标准所测定。在一些情况下,获得70或更低的喷雾等级,这是不期望的。
因此,本领域仍然需要克服已知涂层的至少一些缺点的改进的织物涂层。
发明内容
本文所述的本发明通过基于特定的可水解硅烷和阴离子表面活性剂的硅烷含水乳液,解决了一些已知的问题。
在下文中,一种或多种硅烷含水乳液通常也称为"一种或多种乳液"。
在第一实施方案中,本发明涉及一种硅烷含水乳液,其包含
a)至少一种具有通式(I)的可水解硅烷:
R1-Si-(OR2)3(I),其中
R1为C2-C12烷基,优选C4-C10烷基,更优选C7-C9烷基,最优选C8烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的;和
R2独立地选自C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C4烷基,更优选C2烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的;
b)至少一种阴离子表面活性剂,其优选具有1-40,优选18-40,最优选40的HLBd值,最优选其包含月桂基硫酸钠或为月桂基硫酸钠;
c)任选存在的至少一种非离子表面活性剂,其优选具有1-20,更优选2-10的HLBg值;
d)任选存在的至少一种酸;
e)任选存在的至少一种添加剂;以及
f)余量为水;其中
优选a)至f)的总和为100重量%。
表面活性剂根据其疏水-亲油平衡值(HLB)选择。目前有两种用于测定HLB的已确立的方法:(a)用于非离子表面活性剂的Griffins法(范围0-20)和(b)用于阴离子表面活性剂的Davies法(范围0-40)。根据Griffin W C:“Calculation of HLB Values of Non-Ionic Surfactants,”Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 5(1954):249;和Davies J T:“A quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type,I.Physicalchemistry of the emulsifying agent,”Gas/Liquid and Liquid/LiquidInterface.Proceedings of the International Congress of Surface Activity(1957):426-438,测定这些值。在本发明中,Griffin HLB值记为HLBg,Davies HLB值记为HLBd。
另外,在第二实施方案中,本发明涉及包含可通过用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物获得的涂层的织物。
此外,在第三实施方案中,本发明涉及根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液的用途,其用于处理织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物,以在织物上获得防水涂层。
此外,在第四实施方案中,要求保护一种用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
i)经由垫施用(Pad application)(例如Foulard),将硅烷含水乳液施用在织物上;
ii)使步骤i)中获得的经处理的织物固化。
具体实施方式
在从属权利要求中提出了进一步优选的实施方案。
在优选实施方案中,基于乳液的总重量,根据本发明的乳液含有小于0.5重量%,优选小于0.1重量%,更优选为0.01重量%的全氟化碳。最优选地,根据本发明的乳液不含全氟化碳。
在优选实施方案中,基于乳液的总重量,本发明的(施用于织物的)硅烷含水乳液包含至少70重量%,优选至少80重量%,更优选至少90重%的水。在进一步优选的实施方案中,基于乳液的总重量,存在70-90重量%,更优选88-90重量%的水。
在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的乳液是水包油型乳液,平均液滴尺寸为10-150nm,优选30-60nm。液滴尺寸经由动态光散射确定。已经发现,当获得在该范围内的液滴尺寸时,随时间流逝乳液具有长期稳定性。
在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液的pH值为1-6.9,优选为2-6,更优选为3-5.8。
乳液含有至少一种具有通式(I)的可水解硅烷
R1-Si-(OR2)3(I),其中
R1为C2-C12烷基,优选C4-C10烷基,更优选C7-C9烷基,最优选C8烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的;和
R2独立地选自C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C4烷基,更优选C2烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的。
在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的可水解硅烷的分子量为100-600g/mol,优选150-400g/mol,更优选250-300g/mol。
根据本发明可用的可水解硅烷的具体实例包括但不限于甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三正丙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三正丙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三正丙氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、正己基三甲氧基硅烷、6-氯-己基三甲氧基硅烷、6,6,6-三氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、环己基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三异丙氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三甲氧基硅烷、癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷或它们的混合物。在更优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的可水解硅烷包含辛基三乙氧基硅烷,在甚至更优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的可水解硅烷为辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在优选实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,至少一种可水解硅烷以2-10重量%,优选5-6重量%存在。在进一步优选的实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种可水解硅烷以2-10重量%,优选5-6重量%存在,并且所述至少一种可水解硅烷包含辛基三乙氧基硅烷,更优选为辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
乳液包含至少一种阴离子表面活性剂b),优选阴离子表面活性剂b)的HLBd值为1-40,更优选18-40,最优选40。通常,文献建议非离子表面活性剂的HLBg值为1-20。然而,令人意外地发现,包含根据本发明的特定可水解硅烷化合物a)的乳液显示出最佳稳定性,其中阴离子表面活性剂的HLBd值为至少13,更优选甚至更高。
示例性的合适的阴离子表面活性剂是磺基琥珀酸的碱金属盐;脂肪酸的磺化甘油酯诸如椰油酸的磺化单甘油酯;磺化一价醇酯的盐诸如油烯基异硫代硫酸钠;氨基磺酸的酰胺诸如油烯基异硫代硫酸的钠盐;氨基磺酸的酰胺诸如油烯基甲基牛磺酸的钠盐;脂肪酸腈的磺化产物诸如棕榈腈磺酸盐;磺化芳烃诸如α-萘单磺酸钠;萘磺酸与甲醛的缩合产物,八氢蒽磺酸钠;具有8-30个、优选8-18个碳原子的烷基的烷基硫酸的碱金属盐;具有8-30个、优选8-18个碳原子的烷基的醚硫酸盐;和具有一个或多个8-30个碳原子的烷基的烷基芳基磺酸盐。在优选实施方案中,所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂包含硫酸根基团,更优选选自具有8-30个、优选8-18个碳原子的烷基的烷基硫酸的碱金属盐;最优选为具有8-16个碳原子的烷基的烷基硫酸的碱金属盐。在进一步优选的实施方案中,所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂包含月桂基硫酸钠,更优选由月桂基硫酸钠组成。
在优选实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂以0.01-0.2重量%、优选0.02-0.2重量%、更优选0.025-0.2重量%存在。在进一步优选的实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,阴离子表面活性剂以0.01-0.2重量%,优选0.02-0.2重量%,更优选0.025-0.2重量%存在,并且包含月桂基硫酸钠,更优选为月桂基硫酸钠。在最优选的实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,阴离子表面活性剂、优选月桂基硫酸钠的量为0.2重量%或更少,优选为>0.01至0.2重量%或0.025-0.2重量%之间。
本发明的乳液可进一步包含至少一种非离子表面活性剂c),优选非离子表面活性剂c)的HLBg值为1-20,更优选为2-10。已经发现本发明的特定阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的组合促进稳定乳化体系的产生,该乳化体系允许在施用涂料之后直接加工。
示例性的合适的非离子表面活性剂为烷氧基化脂肪醇、烷基糖苷、烷氧基化脂肪酸烷基酯、脂肪酸烷醇酰胺、羟基混合醚、多羟基脂肪酸酰胺、甘油三酯、脱水山梨糖醇酯、脱水山梨糖醇单-、二-和三甘油酯以及烷氧基化山梨糖醇酯。在优选实施方案中,所述至少一种非离子表面活性剂选自脱水山梨糖醇酯、甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯、以及聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,诸如但不限于脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二肉豆蔻酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三肉豆蔻酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、混合的C12-18脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯、以及前述脱水山梨糖醇酯的聚氧乙烯变体。特别优选脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯。市售化合物包括但不限于可得自Croda的Span 60、Span 65、Span 20和Tween 60。
在优选实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种非离子表面活性剂以0.01-1.0重量%,优选0.02-0.5重量%,更优选0.1-0.5重量%存在。
本发明的乳液可任选地进一步包含至少一种酸d),优选所述至少一种酸是有机酸,更优选至少一种酸d)具有1.3-5.0的pKa。合适的示例性酸优选选自乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、苹果酸、马来酸、乙醛酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、丙酮酸、酒石酸、邻苯二甲酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸、乳酸、二羟基富马酸、扁桃酸、丙二酸、乙醇酸、和草酸、或它们的组合,更优选所述至少一种有机酸包含苹果酸或乙酸或它们的组合,更优选所述至少一种有机酸为乙酸。
在优选实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种酸以0.5-1.5重量%,优选1-1.5重量%,最优选1重量%存在。在进一步优选的实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种有机酸以0.5-1.5重量%,优选1-1.5重量%,最优选1重量%存在,更优选所述至少一种有机酸包含苹果酸或乙酸或它们的组合,更优选所述至少一种有机酸为乙酸。
在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的乳液可任选地包含至少一种其他添加剂e)。在更优选的实施方案中,所述至少一种其他添加剂选自消泡剂、缓冲剂如碳酸氢钠;氨基硅酮、润湿剂、交联剂、增量剂或它们的组合。在优选实施方案中,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种添加剂以0.1-2.5重量%,优选0.1-2重量%,更优选0.1-1.8重量%存在。在更优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的乳液包含至少一种消泡剂,基于硅烷含水乳液的总重量,其量优选为0.01-0.5重量%。消泡剂是技术人员已知的,并且可以使用任何种类的消泡剂,只要它们不会不利地影响乳液。特别合适的消泡剂基于植物油,例如可从Evonik商购的
Figure BDA0002536088230000081
Antifoam KS53。在进一步优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的乳液包含至少一种交联剂或增量剂,其量优选为1.0-2.0重量%,更优选为1.5重量%。交联剂是技术人员已知的,并且可以使用任何种类的交联剂,只要它们不会不利地影响乳液。特别合适的交联剂是脂肪酸/三聚氰胺的缩合产物,可以商品名Baygard从Tanatex获得、以Edolan也由Tanatex提供,以及由Evonik提供的Tegomer系列。在优选实施方案中,乳液包含至少一种润湿剂。
本发明的乳液可以制备成浓缩物,并在使用前用水稀释。相应的浓缩物可以是至少2倍,优选至少3或4倍,例如8倍或不超过10倍的浓缩。这意味着活性成分的浓度是上述浓度的至少两倍或更多倍,并且水的量相应减少。因此,在这种浓缩物中,硅烷组分的浓度可以是上述浓度的2-10倍,相对于浓缩物的总重量,通常为10-40重量%,优选18-40重量%。同样适用于所有其他组分,例如阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。例如,基于浓缩物的总重量,阴离子表面活性剂可以0.02-2.0重量%,优选0.04-2.0重量%,更优选0.05-2.0重量%存在。在优选实施方案中,基于乳液的总重量,本发明的浓缩乳液(concentrateemulsion)包含至少40重量%,优选至少60重量%的水。在进一步优选的实施方案中,基于浓缩乳液的总重量,存在50-70重量%,更优选55-58重量%的水。在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的浓缩乳液的pH值为1-7.5,优选为2-7,更优选为6-7。在优选实施方案中,基于浓缩乳液的总重量,非离子表面活性剂以0.2-2.8重量%,优选0.3-2.8重量%,更优选0.35-2.8重量%的量存在于浓缩物中。
本发明的乳液可用于浸渍织物,特别是在工业标准垫施用下,更常称为“Foulard施用”,以得到赋予经处理的织物防水特性的涂层。根据本发明的乳液用于处理织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物,以在织物上获得防水涂层。
在优选实施方案中,在织物上获得的涂层耐受超过10个、优选20个洗涤循环,优选在最后一个周期之后具有至少70(ISO 2)、优选80(ISO 3)、更优选90(ISO 4)的喷雾率。喷雾率根据DIN EN ISO 4920:2012-12确定。对于该测试,使用喷雾测试仪和水体积为250mL的去离子水,对三个尺寸最小为180mm x 180mm的成品织物样品进行了测试。喷雾后,将残留水从表面拍掉并使用喷雾测试等级标准对样品进行评分。
可以采用公知的浸渍技术来获得织物的涂层。
特别地,本发明提供了一种用根据本发明的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)经由垫施用将硅烷含水乳液施用在织物上;
ii)将步骤i)中获得的经处理的织物固化。
在优选实施方案中,步骤i)的施用速度为0.5m/min至40m/min,优选为1m/min至30m/min,在商业应用中通常为20-30m/min,和/或用于施用硅烷含水乳液的压力为1-6巴,优选1.5-3.5巴。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,步骤ii)的固化温度为130-170℃,优选为150-160℃。
给出了以下实施例中来说明本发明。但是,本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例
C8=辛基三乙氧基硅烷
SLS=月桂基硫酸钠
水=去离子水
表1示出了根据本发明的稳定的示例性组合物。可以通过用均化器将各组分混合来获得乳液。样品在室温下老化6个月,几乎没有相分离的迹象。
表1:量以重量%计,其中总和为100重量%
实施例 C8 SLS 观察结果
1 89.5 10 0.5 在乳化的同时呈乳白色
2 89 10 1 在乳化的同时呈乳白色
3 89.9 10 0.1 在乳化的同时呈乳白色
4 89.95 10 0.05 在乳化的同时呈乳白色
表2示出了一系列配制物,制备这些配制物来研究随C8水平增加,表面活性剂水平对稳定性和液滴尺寸的影响。通过在90度下DLS(动态光散射)测量配制物的液滴尺寸。
表2:量以重量%计,其中总和为100重量%
实施例 C8 SLS DLS 90° pH 观察结果
5 0 0.05 95.95 207.4 5.4 不稳定
6 5 0.12 94.88 88.7 4.2 稳定
7 7 0.07 92.93 70.2 3.5 稳定
8 7 0.10 92.9 53.7 3.2 稳定
9 20 0.05 79.95 23 4.5 轻微分层
10 20 0.5 79.5 13.7 4.0 稳定
实施例5是对比例
表2中显示的数据示出了表面活性剂与有机硅烷的合适的平衡,以确保稳定的乳化体系。随着C8水平的增加,可以看出表面活性剂的水平也需要增加以确保稳定性是可能的。此外,与稳定性相关的液滴尺寸在10-150nm范围内。
下表3显示了使用包含有机酸的根据本发明的乳化体系的性能测试,其经由垫施涂施用于以下两种类型的聚酯:
蓝色=机织聚酯(120gsm)
白色=针织聚酯。
测试条件:
垫 涂布速度0.6m/min,乳液压力3.5巴白色聚酯
垫 涂布速度5m/min和1.5巴Rotofil 51
支架(stent)在150℃固化5分钟
然后在进行性能测试之前,使样品在室温下平衡24小时。根据DIN EN ISO 4920:2012-12,按照上述“喷雾测试”进行性能测试。
表3:量以重量%计,其中总和为100重量%,喷雾测试值除外。
Figure BDA0002536088230000111
Huntsman Phobol CP-C包含氟化丙烯酸酯聚合物,即基于PFC。ArchromaSmartRepel Hydro PM是一种无氟组合物,其组成与WO2016/000829 A1中要求保护的配方相似。
将本发明的组合物按比例放大并以中试水平制造,以确保当从实验室移至更大规模时可以实现稳定性。
将乳液批量制备成具有以下组成的浓缩物。
表4:示例性组合物
组分 重量%
C8 20
SLS 1
去离子水 78.2
消泡剂 0.3
碳酸氢钠 0.5
100
制备:
向容器中装入去离子水,然后装入SLS、(C8)辛基三乙氧基硅烷、消泡剂和碳酸氢钠。将其在室温下预均化30分钟。将预混合物添加到Ystral混合器中,并在8000rpm下混合10分钟。然后,使用各种施用条件(包括垫速度、压力和固化温度)在一系列织物类型上对表4中示出的组合物进行了测试。
用于涂布施用的进一步配制(Up-Formulation):
如表4所示的浓缩物在施用前被进一步配制。表5示出了制备的配制物组,然后在聚丙烯(表6)、聚酰胺(表7)和聚酯(表8)上涂布和测试。
表5
组分 重量%
表4的浓缩物 25
增量剂 1.5
乙酸 1.0
去离子水 72.5
表6示出了按照表5配制的根据本发明的乳液的性能测试,该乳液包含有机酸和Baygard 40178增量剂,经由垫施用施加在聚丙烯上。固化时间始终为300秒,固化温度为110℃,垫施用速度为5m/min,垫施用压力为1.5巴。可以清楚地看到,在20个洗涤循环之后性能非常出色。
表6示出了在聚丙烯上的性能等级
Figure BDA0002536088230000131
实施例15采用表5的组合物,实施例16另外包含润湿剂(0.1%)。
表7示出了用包含有机酸的根据本发明的乳液的性能测试,所述乳液经由垫施用施加在聚酯上。固化时间在150℃为300秒,在160℃为180秒,固化温度为150℃(除非另有说明),垫施用速度为5m/min,垫施用压力为1.5巴。可以看出,160℃的较高施用温度和润湿剂的存在对整体耐久性没有影响。
表7示出了在聚酯样品上的性能等级
Figure BDA0002536088230000132
实施例17和19采用表5的组合物,实施例18和20另外含有润湿剂(0.1%)。
对比例:浓缩体系的开发
表8示出了对比例,这些对比例利用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂体系的平衡制备,以产生(a)40%的浓缩物,(b)稳定的乳化体系和(c)初始涂布施用后的性能。优选的合成方法是通过转化点法,其中将表面活性剂溶解在一半的油(C8)中,然后剪切混合5分钟。在高剪切下缓慢加入剩余的油,直到形成凝胶。然后在剪切下缓慢加入剩余的成分,直到达到转化点为止,转化点可以通过系统粘度的显著降低明显看出。
表8:量以重量%计,其中总和为100重量%
Figure BDA0002536088230000141
用于涂布施用的进一步配制:
如表8所示的浓缩物在施用前被进一步配制。表9示出了制备稀释配制物的细节,然后在聚酯上涂布和测试(表10)。
表9突出显示了表8中示出的所有样品的稀释水平
组分 重量%
表8的浓缩物 12.5
增量剂 1.5
乙酸 1.0
去离子水 85.5
表10示出了用表9配制的、包含有机酸和Baygard 40178(增量剂)的根据本发明的乳液的性能测试,所述乳液经由垫施用施加在聚酯上。固化温度为160℃,固化时间总是为300秒。可以清楚地看出,通过改变表面活性剂体系以包含较少量的月桂基硫酸钠,可获得0洗涤性能(即,0次洗涤循环后的性能,即处理/施用之后即刻的性能)。这对于包含Span 65(脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯)的样品22最为突出。
表10
Figure BDA0002536088230000151

Claims (14)

1.硅烷含水乳液,其包含
a)至少一种具有通式(I)的可水解硅烷:
R1-Si-(OR2)3(I),其中
R1为C2-C12烷基,优选C4-C10烷基,更优选C7-C9烷基,最优选C8烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的;和
R2独立地选自C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C4烷基,更优选C2烷基,其可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自F、Cl、Br、I或OH的基团取代,优选其是未取代的;
b)至少一种阴离子表面活性剂,其优选具有1-40,优选18-40,最优选40的HLBd值,最优选其包含月桂基硫酸钠或为月桂基硫酸钠;
c)任选存在的至少一种非离子表面活性剂,其优选具有1-20,更优选2-10的HLBg值;
d)任选存在的至少一种酸;
e)任选存在的至少一种添加剂;以及
f)余量为水;其中
优选a)至f)的总和为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中
基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,组分a)以2-10重量%,优选5-6重量%存在,和/或组分a)包含辛基三乙氧基硅烷,优选为辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中
基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,组分b)以0.01-0.2重量%,优选0.02-0.2重量%,更优选0.025-0.2重量%存在。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中所述至少一种酸d)是有机酸,其优选具有1.3-5.0的pKa,更优选选自乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、苹果酸、马来酸、乙醛酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、丙酮酸、酒石酸、邻苯二甲酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸、乳酸、二羟基富马酸、扁桃酸、丙二酸、乙醇酸和草酸或它们的组合,和/或基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种酸d)以0.5-1.5重量%,优选1-1.5重量%,最优选1重量%存在。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中所述至少一种其他添加剂e)选自消泡剂、缓冲剂如碳酸氢钠、氨基硅酮、润湿剂、交联剂、增量剂或它们的组合,和/或基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,所述至少一种其他添加剂e)以0.1-2.5重量%,优选0.1-2重量%,更优选0.1-1.8重量%存在。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,存在至少70重量%,优选80-90重量%,更优选88-90重量%的水。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中平均液滴尺寸为10-150nm,优选为30-60nm,和/或pH值为1-6.9,优选为2-6,更优选为3-5.8。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中基于所述硅烷含水乳液的总重量,组分c)以0.01-1.0重量%,优选0.02-0.5重量%,更优选0.1-0.5重量%存在,和/或组分c)选自脱水山梨糖醇酯和聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷含水乳液,其中所述硅烷含水乳液是浓缩物,其中
(1)a)以10-40重量%,优选18-40重量%存在,基于所述浓缩物的总重量;
(2)b)以0.02-2.0重量%,优选0.04-2.0重量%,更优选0.05-2.0重量%存在,基于所述浓缩物的总重量;
(3)c)以0.2-2.8重量%,优选0.3-2.8重量%,更优选0.35-2.8重量%存在,基于所述浓缩物的总重量;和/或
(4)f)以至少40重量%,优选50-70重量%,更优选至少60重量%,最优选55-58重量%存在,基于所述浓缩物的总重量;和/或
(5)浓缩物乳液的pH值为1-7.5,优选为2-7,更优选为6-7。
10.织物,其包含可通过用根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液浸渍所述织物获得的涂层。
11.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液的用途,其用于处理织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物,以在所述织物上获得防水涂层。
12.用根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的硅烷含水乳液浸渍织物,优选聚酰胺、聚丙烯或聚酯织物,更优选聚酯织物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
i)经由垫施用,将硅烷含水乳液施用在所述织物上;
ii)使步骤i)中获得的经处理的织物固化。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中
步骤i)的施用速度为0.5m/min至30m/min,优选为1m/min至30m/min,和/或用于施用所述硅烷含水乳液的压力为1-6巴,优选为1.5-3.5巴。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中步骤ii)的固化温度为130-170℃,优选为150-160℃。
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