CN111470912A - Special formula fertilizer for topdressing-free rice and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Special formula fertilizer for topdressing-free rice and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470912A CN111470912A CN202010509293.1A CN202010509293A CN111470912A CN 111470912 A CN111470912 A CN 111470912A CN 202010509293 A CN202010509293 A CN 202010509293A CN 111470912 A CN111470912 A CN 111470912A
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice fertilizers, in particular to a special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization and a preparation method and a using method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting N-P2O5‑K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material; the urea, potassium sulfate and phosphorus raw materials are granulated and dried by taking a starch cross-linked product as a granulation adhesive and taking a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as a granulation filler to obtain the special formula fertilizer for the rice without additional fertilization, and the special formula fertilizer is used as a primary base fertilizer without additional fertilization in the later period. The invention realizes that the rice is fertilized only once in one seasonThe fertilizer also greatly improves the rice yield, has good effect of increasing the rice yield by 20.9 percent, and provides possibility for simplifying the fertilization of modern crop production, reducing the labor intensity of fertilization and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice fertilizers, in particular to a special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
The rice is the first large grain crop in China, the sowing area of the rice accounts for about 27% of the total area of the grain crops in China, and the rice yield accounts for more than 40% of the total grain yield in China. In the rice production, the conventional fertilization technology usually needs 1 time of base fertilizer and 1-3 times of additional fertilizer. For example, the chinese patent application (application No. 201811246353.4) discloses a method for improving the utilization rate of rice fertilizer, wherein phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer 40%, top dressing is used as top dressing 60%, potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer 50%, top dressing is used as top dressing 50%, the technical key points are not easy to master due to the complicated fertilization links, the problems of improper fertilizer operation, unscientific nutrient proportioning and the like often exist, the phenomena of premature senility, greedy and lodging and the like are often caused, and thus the agricultural cost is high and the loss is serious. The current season utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the main grain crops in China are respectively 30-35%, 10-20% and 35-50%, and are also obviously lower than the level of developed countries. Therefore, the reasonable application of the fertilizer and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer are one of the important measures for improving the quality and the efficiency of rice production and realizing zero increase of the application of the fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems and provides a preparation method of a special formulated fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization, which combines a special nutrition technology for rice with a nutrient controlled release technology to develop a special fertilizer for rice, realizes that the rice is fertilized only once in one season, and provides possibility for simplifying fertilization, reducing fertilization labor intensity and improving fertilizer utilization rate in modern crop production.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization comprises the following steps:
1) crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of at least 50% by a micro crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
2) selecting N-P2O5-K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material;
3) preparation of granulation adhesive mother liquor
Stirring edible corn starch with 8-10 times of cold water by mass, stirring and dispersing a corn starch aqueous solution into slurry by using a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2.0-3.0 by using dilute sulfuric acid, heating the slurry to 95-97 ℃ in a water bath while stirring for gelatinization for 50-70 min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, adding 40% of industrial formaldehyde solution as a cross-linking agent, stirring for 30-40 min, carrying out primary cross-linking reaction, heating to 50-55 ℃, continuing the cross-linking reaction for 2-2.5 h, adjusting the pH to 7.0 +/-0.2 by using NaOH or ammonia water to obtain a granulation adhesive mother solution, dissolving the granulation adhesive mother solution in water, and diluting the granulation adhesive mother solution into a granulation adhesive aqueous solution by using clear water at 40-45 ℃ during granulation use;
the corn starch is subjected to a cross-linking reaction in the presence of an aldehyde compound, and the reaction mechanism is as follows:
4) selecting a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as a granulation filler, wherein the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1-1.2% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; grinding, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and bagging;
5) granulating by disc granulator
According to the fertilizer proportioning requirement, uniformly mixing the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials, adding the mixture into a disc of a disc granulator, adding a proper amount of dicyandiamide and N-methyl pyrrolidone, adjusting the inclination angle of the disc to ensure that the included angle between the disc surface of the granulation disc and the ground is 30-60 degrees, and adjusting the rotating speed of the disc to 35-55 r/min;
6) screening and drying fertilizer particles
Continuously sieving the fertilizer granules prepared by the disk granulator in the step 5) by a 5-mesh sieve and a 10-mesh sieve in sequence, collecting the fertilizer granules on the 10-mesh sieve, spreading the fertilizer granules on a tray, and then placing the tray in a constant-temperature blast drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying; the large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are required to participate in the granulation process again until the fertilizer particles are dried on the 10-mesh sieve.
Further, the urea in the step 1) is a mixture of urea A with a nitrogen content of 46.4%, resin coated urea B with a release period of 30-40 days, resin coated urea C with a release period of 60-70 days and resin coated urea D with a release period of 100-120 days, wherein the mass ratio of A, B, C, D is 10:3: 1-1.5: 0.1-0.5, and the nitrogen content of B, C, D is 44-45%.
Further, the potassium sulfate in the step 1) at least comprises 30% by mass of resin-coated potassium sulfate with a release period of 70-90 days.
Further, the addition amount of the industrial formaldehyde solution in the step 3) is as follows: every 15g of corn starch is added with 1ml of industrial formaldehyde solution.
Further, the granulation filler in the step 4) also contains boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, and the addition amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.01-0.03% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the molybdenum fertilizer is 0.01-0.03% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the zinc fertilizer is 0.1-0.35% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the silicon fertilizer is 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate with 90% of molybdenum content, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with 95% of zinc content; grinding the granulation fillers, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use.
Further, the fertilizer proportioning requirement in the step 5) is N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the mass ratio of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials is (49.8-51): (18-22): 23.2-24.4).
Further, the adding amount of the dicyandiamide in the step 5) is 0.4-0.6% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw material, and the adding amount of the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 0.03-0.07% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw material.
Further, the addition amount of the granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by the clear water in the step 5) is 12-15% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator, and the addition amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator.
The invention also aims to provide the special formula fertilizer for the rice without additional fertilization, the formula fertilizer prepared by the preparation method has the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content percentage of N-P2O5-K2O represents 24-10-12.
The invention also aims to provide a use method of the special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization, the formula fertilizer prepared by the preparation method, N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the fertilizer is used as a primary base fertilizer, no additional fertilizer is needed in the later period, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are released in a sustained and controlled manner, the nutrients are gradually released, the fertilizer effect is durable, the utilization rate is high, and the fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting manner before rice transplanting, and the using amount is 53 kilograms per mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization and a preparation method and a use method thereof, combines a special nutrition technology for rice with a nutrient controlled-release technology to develop a special fertilizer for rice, realizes that the rice is fertilized only once in one season, and provides possibility for simplifying fertilization, reducing fertilization labor intensity and improving fertilizer utilization rate in modern crop production. The long-acting slow-release rice fertilizer can promote tillering of rice and improve rice yield, and dicyandiamide is added during granulation, so that loss of nitrification and denitrification in rice soil can be effectively inhibited, soil nitrate content is obviously reduced, and release period of the fertilizer is prolonged; the N-methyl pyrrolidone is added, so that the effects of inhibiting urease activity and fertilizing soil are achieved, the possibility of increasing the yield of rice is provided, and compared with the conventional fertilizing treatment, the plant height, the effective tillering number and the thousand-grain weight of the rice can be obviously improved. Compared with the application of a stable fertilizer, the rice yield increasing effect of the special formula fertilizer for rice is better, and the increase reaches 20.9%.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison between the yield of rice fertilizer applied and the effect of increasing the yield by the treatment methods of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
1) crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of 50% by a micro crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
the urea is a mixture of urea A with nitrogen content of 46.4%, resin coated urea B with a release period of 30-40 days, resin coated urea C with a release period of 60-70 days and resin coated urea D with a release period of 100-120 days, wherein the mass ratio of A, B, C, D is 10:3: 1: the nitrogen content of 0.5, B, C, D was 44%.
The potassium sulfate comprises 30 mass percent of resin coated potassium sulfate with a release period of 70-90 days.
1) Crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of 50% by a micro crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
2) selecting N-P2O5-K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material;
3) preparation of granulation adhesive mother liquor
Adding 120g of edible corn starch into 1L cold water, stirring and dispersing the corn starch aqueous solution into slurry by using a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2.0-3.0 by using dilute sulfuric acid, heating the slurry to 95 ℃ in a water bath while stirring for gelatinization for 60min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, adding 40% of industrial formaldehyde solution 8m L as a cross-linking agent, stirring for 30min, carrying out primary cross-linking reaction, heating to 50 ℃, continuing the cross-linking reaction for 2h, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 +/-0.2 by using NaOH or ammonia water to obtain granulation adhesive mother liquor, and diluting the granulation adhesive mother liquor into a granulation adhesive aqueous solution by using clean water at 40-45 ℃ when the granulation adhesive is used;
4) granulating filler: the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the addition amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.02 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; ammonium molybdate with molybdenum content of 90 percent, the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate is 0.02 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; zinc sulfate with 95 percent of zinc content, and the addition amount of the zinc sulfate is 0.18 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the silicon fertilizer is 0.15 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; grinding, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and bagging;
5) granulating by disc granulator
According to the fertilizer proportioning requirement, uniformly mixing the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials, adding the mixture into a disc of a disc granulator, adding a proper amount of dicyandiamide and N-methyl pyrrolidone, adjusting the inclination angle of the disc to ensure that the included angle between the disc surface of a granulation disc and the ground is 45 degrees, and adjusting the rotating speed of the disc to be 35-55 r/min; the fertilizer proportion requirement is N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium sulfate to the phosphorus raw material is 50.4:20: 23.8. The adding amount of dicyandiamide is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw material, and the adding amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw material0.06% of the amount.
The addition amount of the granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by clean water is 12-15% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator, and the addition amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.4% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator.
6) Screening and drying fertilizer particles
Continuously sieving the fertilizer granules prepared by the disk granulator in the step 5) by a 5-mesh sieve and a 10-mesh sieve in sequence, collecting the fertilizer granules on the 10-mesh sieve, spreading the fertilizer granules on a tray, and then placing the tray in a constant-temperature blast drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying; the large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are required to participate in the granulation process again until the fertilizer particles are dried on the 10-mesh sieve.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer for the topdressing-free rice is used as a primary base fertilizer, topdressing is not needed in the later period, and the fertilizer is spread before rice transplanting, wherein the application amount is 53 kilograms per mu.
Example 2:
1) crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of 60% by a micro crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
the urea is a mixture of urea A with nitrogen content of 46.4%, resin coated urea B with a release period of 30-40 days, resin coated urea C with a release period of 60-70 days and resin coated urea D with a release period of 100-120 days, wherein the mass ratio of A, B, C, D is 10:3: 1.5: the nitrogen content of 0.3, B, C, D was 45%.
The potassium sulfate comprises 35% of resin coated potassium sulfate with a release period of 70-90 days by mass.
1) Urea with nitrogen content of 46.4 percent and potassium sulfate with potassium oxide content of 50 percent are crushed by a micro crusher and then pass through a 80-mesh sieve, and the mixture is packaged for later use;
2) selecting N-P2O5-K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material;
3) preparation of granulation adhesive mother liquor
Adding 100g of edible corn starch into 800m L of cold water, stirring and dispersing the corn starch aqueous solution into slurry by using a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2.0-3.0 by using dilute sulfuric acid, heating the slurry to 97 ℃ in a water bath while stirring for gelatinization for 50min, then naturally cooling to the normal temperature, adding 40% of industrial formaldehyde solution 6.67m L as a cross-linking agent, stirring for 40min, carrying out primary cross-linking reaction, heating to 55 ℃, continuing the cross-linking reaction for 2.5h, adjusting the pH to 7.0 +/-0.2 by using NaOH or ammonia water to obtain granulation adhesive mother liquor, diluting the granulation adhesive mother liquor into a granulation adhesive aqueous solution by using clear water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ when the granulation adhesive is used, wherein the addition amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.3% of the total mass of urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials;
4) granulating filler: the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.2 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the addition amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.01 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; ammonium molybdate with molybdenum content of 90 percent, and the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate is 0.01 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; zinc sulfate with 95 percent of zinc content, and the addition amount of the zinc sulfate is 0.1 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the silicon fertilizer is 0.2 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; grinding, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and bagging;
5) granulating by disc granulator
According to the fertilizer proportioning requirement, uniformly mixing the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials, adding the mixture into a disc of a disc granulator, adding a proper amount of dicyandiamide and N-methyl pyrrolidone, adjusting the inclination angle of the disc to ensure that the included angle between the disc surface of a granulation disc and the ground is 30 degrees, adjusting the rotation speed of the disc to be 35-55 r/min, spraying a granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by clear water to granulation materials by a high-pressure sprayer during granulation, stirring while spraying, and performing disc granulation after uniform stirring; the fertilizer proportion requirement is N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium sulfate to the phosphorus raw material is 49.8:18: 23.2. The adding amount of dicyandiamide is 0.4 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw materials, and the adding amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone is 0.03 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw materials.
The addition amount of the granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by clean water is 12-15% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator, and the addition amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.3% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator.
6) Screening and drying fertilizer particles
Continuously sieving the fertilizer granules prepared by the disk granulator in the step 5) by a 5-mesh sieve and a 10-mesh sieve in sequence, collecting the fertilizer granules on the 10-mesh sieve, spreading the fertilizer granules on a tray, and then placing the tray in a constant-temperature blast drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying; the large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are required to participate in the granulation process again until the fertilizer particles are dried on the 10-mesh sieve.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer for the topdressing-free rice is used as a primary base fertilizer, topdressing is not needed in the later period, and the fertilizer is spread before rice transplanting, wherein the application amount is 53 kilograms per mu.
Example 3:
1) crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of 50% by a micro crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
the urea is a mixture of urea A with nitrogen content of 46.4%, resin coated urea B with a release period of 30-40 days, resin coated urea C with a release period of 60-70 days and resin coated urea D with a release period of 100-120 days, wherein the mass ratio of A, B, C, D is 10:3: 1.2: the nitrogen content of 0.4, B, C, D was 44%.
The potassium sulfate comprises 40% of resin coated potassium sulfate with a release period of 70-90 days by mass.
1) Urea with nitrogen content of 46.4 percent and potassium sulfate with potassium oxide content of 50 percent are crushed by a micro crusher and then pass through a 80-mesh sieve, and the mixture is packaged for later use;
2) selecting N-P2O5-K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material;
3) preparation of granulation adhesive mother liquor
Adding 150g of edible corn starch into 1.25m L cold water, stirring and dispersing the corn starch aqueous solution into slurry by using a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2.0-3.0 by using dilute sulfuric acid, heating the slurry to 96 ℃ in a water bath while stirring for gelatinization for 70min, then naturally cooling to the normal temperature, adding 40% of industrial formaldehyde solution 10m L serving as a cross-linking agent, stirring for 35min, carrying out primary cross-linking reaction, heating to 53 ℃, continuing the cross-linking reaction for 2h, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 +/-0.2 by using NaOH or ammonia water to obtain granulation adhesive mother liquor, diluting the granulation adhesive mother liquor into a granulation adhesive aqueous solution by using clear water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ when the granulation adhesive mother liquor is used, wherein the adding amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.6% of the total mass of urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials;
4) granulating filler: the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.1 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the addition amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.03 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; ammonium molybdate with molybdenum content of 90 percent, and the addition amount of the ammonium molybdate is 0.03 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; zinc sulfate with 95 percent of zinc content, and the addition amount of the zinc sulfate is 0.35 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the silicon fertilizer is 0.1 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; grinding, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and bagging;
5) granulating by disc granulator
According to the fertilizer proportioning requirement, uniformly mixing the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials, adding the mixture into a disc of a disc granulator, adding a proper amount of dicyandiamide and N-methyl pyrrolidone, adjusting the inclination angle of the disc to enable the included angle between the disc surface of a granulation disc and the ground to be 60 degrees, adjusting the rotation speed of the disc to be 35-55 r/min, spraying a granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by clear water to granulation materials by a high-pressure sprayer during granulation, stirring while spraying, and performing disc granulation after uniform stirring; the fertilizer proportion requirement is N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium sulfate to the phosphorus raw material is 51:22: 24.4. The adding amount of dicyandiamide is 0.6 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw materials, and the adding amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone is 0.07 percent of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the phosphorus raw materials.
The addition amount of the granulation adhesive aqueous solution diluted by clean water is 12-15% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator, and the addition amount of the granulation adhesive mother liquor is 0.5% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator.
6) Screening and drying fertilizer particles
Continuously sieving the fertilizer granules prepared by the disk granulator in the step 5) by a 5-mesh sieve and a 10-mesh sieve in sequence, collecting the fertilizer granules on the 10-mesh sieve, spreading the fertilizer granules on a tray, and then placing the tray in a constant-temperature blast drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying; the large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are required to participate in the granulation process again until the fertilizer particles are dried on the 10-mesh sieve.
The application method of the special formula fertilizer for the topdressing-free rice is used as a primary base fertilizer, topdressing is not needed in the later period, and the fertilizer is spread before rice transplanting, wherein the application amount is 53 kilograms per mu.
Comparative example 1:
the application mode of the GB/T35113 and 2017 stable fertilizer I type is the same as that of the fertilizer in the example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the application mode of the GB/T35113 and 2017 stable fertilizer II is the same as that of the fertilizer in the example 1.
Comparative example 3:
the yield is 6953.5 kg/hectare by adopting the conventional fertilizing technology of the paddy field.
One test field is divided into 4 areas on average, and the test fields 1, 2, 3 and 4 are provided, wherein the test field 1 provides a fertilizer efficiency test for example 1, the test fields 2, 3 and 4 provide fertilizer efficiency tests for comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 respectively, except for different operation conditions, the rest field management modes such as fertilization, water application and the like are completely the same, rice fertility character parameters and the yield of rice at harvest are respectively measured, and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on Rice fertility traits
| Test field | Treatment of | Height cm of plant | Effective tillering/hectare | Thousand seed weight g | Yield kg/hectare |
| 1 | Example 1 | 100.7 | 316825 | 27.3 | 8404.2 |
| 3 | Comparative example 1 | 103.3 | 350175 | 28.4 | 8137.4 |
| 4 | Comparative example 2 | 104.7 | 360180 | 27.1 | 7503.8 |
| 5 | Comparative example 3 | 99.5 | 265133 | 26.7 | 6953.5 |
Through fertilizer field fertilizer efficiency tests, the influences of the application of the special formula fertilizer for rice (example 1), the stable fertilizer (comparative examples 1 and 2) and the conventional fertilizer (comparative example 3) on the biological characters and the yield of the rice are respectively compared, and the following conclusion is obtained:
compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (comparative example 3), the rice special formula fertilizer can obviously improve the plant height, the effective tiller number and the thousand-grain weight of the rice. FIG. 1 shows the comparison of the yield increasing effect of the formulated fertilizer for rice (example 1), the stabilized fertilizers (comparative examples 1 and 2) and the conventional fertilizer (comparative example 3) on rice yield and fertilizer yield, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the yield of rice is increased by applying the formulated fertilizer for rice and the stabilized fertilizer of the invention compared with the conventional fertilizer. But the yield increasing effect of the special formula fertilizer for rice is best, and compared with the conventional fertilizer, the increase of the yield is up to 20.9%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a special formula fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) crushing potassium sulfate with urea and potassium oxide content of at least 50% by a crusher, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use;
2) selecting N-P2O5-K2The industrial raw material with the O ratio of 3.52-41.95-1.4 is used as the phosphorus raw material;
3) preparation of granulation adhesive mother liquor
Stirring edible corn starch with 8-10 times of cold water by mass, stirring and dispersing a corn starch aqueous solution into slurry by using a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2.0-3.0 by using dilute sulfuric acid, heating the slurry to 95-97 ℃ in a water bath while stirring for gelatinization for 50-70 min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, adding 40% of industrial formaldehyde solution as a cross-linking agent, stirring for 30-40 min, carrying out primary cross-linking reaction, heating to 50-55 ℃, continuing the cross-linking reaction for 2-2.5 h, adjusting the pH to 7.0 +/-0.2 by using NaOH or ammonia water to obtain a granulation adhesive mother solution, and diluting the granulation adhesive mother solution into a granulation adhesive aqueous solution by using clear water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ when granulation is used;
4) selecting a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as a granulation filler, wherein the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1-1.2% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; grinding, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, and bagging;
5) granulating by disc granulator
According to the fertilizer proportioning requirement, uniformly mixing the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus raw materials, adding the mixture into a disc of a disc granulator, adding a proper amount of dicyandiamide and N-methyl pyrrolidone, adjusting the inclination angle of the disc to ensure that the included angle between the disc surface of the granulation disc and the ground is 30-60 degrees, and adjusting the rotating speed of the disc to 35-55 r/min;
6) screening and drying fertilizer particles
Continuously sieving the fertilizer granules prepared by the disk granulator in the step 5) by a 5-mesh sieve and a 10-mesh sieve in sequence, collecting the fertilizer granules on the 10-mesh sieve, spreading the fertilizer granules on a tray, and then placing the tray in a constant-temperature blast drying oven at 65 ℃ for drying; the large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are required to participate in the granulation process again until the fertilizer particles are dried on the 10-mesh sieve.
2. The method for preparing the formulated fertilizer special for rice dressing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the urea in step 1) is a mixture of urea A with nitrogen content of 46.4%, resin-coated urea B with release period of 30-40 days, resin-coated urea C with release period of 60-70 days and resin-coated urea D with release period of 100-120 days, wherein the mass ratio of A, B, C, D is 10:3: 1-1.5: 0.1-0.5, and the nitrogen content of B, C, D is 44-45%.
3. The method for preparing the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potassium sulfate in step 1) comprises at least 30% by mass of resin coated potassium sulfate having a release cycle of 70-90 days.
4. The preparation method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the industrial formaldehyde solution in step 3) is: every 15g of corn starch is added with 1ml of industrial formaldehyde solution.
5. The preparation method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the granulated filler in step 4) further contains boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, and the addition amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.01-0.03% of the total mass of urea, potassium sulfate and phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the molybdenum fertilizer is 0.01-0.03% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the zinc fertilizer is 0.1-0.35% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the adding amount of the silicon fertilizer is 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials; the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate with 90% of molybdenum content, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate with 95% of zinc content; grinding the granulation fillers, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use.
6. The preparation method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer proportioning requirement in step 5) is N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the mass ratio of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the phosphorus raw materials is (49.8-51): (18-22): 23.2-24.4).
7. The preparation method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of dicyandiamide added in step 5) is 0.4-0.6% of the total mass of urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus raw material, and the amount of N-methylpyrrolidone added is 0.03-0.07% of the total mass of urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus raw material.
8. The preparation method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the granulation binder aqueous solution diluted with clear water in step 5) is 12-15% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator, and the addition amount of the granulation binder mother liquor is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the granulation materials in the disc granulator.
9. The special formulated fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization is characterized in that the formulated fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8 is N-P with the content percentage of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium2O5-K2O represents 24-10-12.
10. The application method of the special formulated fertilizer for rice without additional fertilization is characterized in that the formulated fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, N-P2O5-K2O is 24-10-12, and the fertilizer is used as a primary base fertilizer, does not need additional fertilizer in the later period, is applied in a scattering way before transplanting rice seedlings, and has the use amount of 53 kilograms per mu.
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| US5849060A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1998-12-15 | Zhengzhou Centre Of Popularization & Research On Zhengzhou Luxuriance Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer | Controlled release fertilizer and preparations thereof |
| CN1587072A (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2005-03-02 | 沈阳农业大学 | Rice low water permeability coated control release composite fertilizer and its producing method |
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| CN109608272A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-12 | 武汉绿舟生态肥料有限公司 | Top dressing fertilizer is exempted from a kind of application of field crop base |
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| US5849060A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1998-12-15 | Zhengzhou Centre Of Popularization & Research On Zhengzhou Luxuriance Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer | Controlled release fertilizer and preparations thereof |
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