CN111039716A - Synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111039716A CN111039716A CN201911369192.2A CN201911369192A CN111039716A CN 111039716 A CN111039716 A CN 111039716A CN 201911369192 A CN201911369192 A CN 201911369192A CN 111039716 A CN111039716 A CN 111039716A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components: the fertilizer comprises a basic compound fertilizer, a phosphorus synergist and urea formaldehyde, wherein the phosphorus synergist comprises humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, chelated trace elements and sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate. Therefore, by applying the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat, the nutrient requirements of the wheat on major and medium trace elements in the whole growth period can be met, the nutrient effectiveness can be improved, particularly phosphorus can be improved, the fixation of soil to phosphorus can be obviously reduced, the activity of phosphorus can be improved, the root growth can be promoted, the requirements of the wheat in the wintering period on phosphorus can be met, and the yield of the wheat can be further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wheat is one of the most important grain crops in the world and China, and plays a very important role in grain production. The wheat planting range is very wide in China, the wheat is second to the third grain crops of corn and rice, and in an intensive agricultural production system, the large and medium trace elements are required to be sufficiently input to realize the high quality and the high yield of the wheat, wherein the large and medium trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese and the like have great influence on the yield and the quality of the wheat. However, in the actual production of wheat in China, the fertilizer is often unreasonably applied, the fertilization is very blindness, the fertilizing amount is too large, the proportion is unreasonable, and the fertilizer utilization rate is continuously reduced, so that the planting cost is increased, and the environment is threatened.
Winter wheat is a main wheat cultivation type in China, the growth period is as long as 230-plus-240 days, the winter wheat can experience the winter-crossing period after sowing in autumn, the temperature is low, the growth of the wheat is retarded or stopped, the nutrient absorption capacity is weakened, especially in a low-temperature environment, the effectiveness of phosphorus in soil is reduced, the phosphorus requirement of the wheat is difficult to meet, physiological phosphorus deficiency of the wheat easily occurs, the root system development is hindered, the tillering is reduced, the runt seedlings are not grown and the like, and the growth of the wheat is influenced.
Therefore, the existing fertilizer suitable for wheat production needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide the special synergistic compound fertilizer for the wheat and the preparation method thereof, and by applying the special synergistic compound fertilizer for the wheat, the nutrient requirements of the wheat in the whole growth period on major and medium trace elements can be met, meanwhile, the nutrient effectiveness can be improved, especially phosphorus can be improved, the fixation of the soil on the phosphorus can be obviously reduced, the phosphorus activity can be improved, the root system growth can be promoted, the phosphorus requirement of the wheat in the winter-crossing period can be met, and further, the wheat yield can be improved.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: basic compound fertilizer, phosphorus synergist, urea formaldehyde,
wherein the phosphorus synergist comprises humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, chelated trace elements and sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate.
The inventor finds that after a phosphorus synergist comprising humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, chelated trace elements and methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate is added into the fertilizer, the phosphorus synergist can protect phosphorus in the fertilizer, obviously reduce the fixation of soil to phosphate fertilizer, improve the activity of the phosphorus, promote the growth of root systems of crops, improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of the phosphorus, and meet the requirement of the wheat on the phosphorus in the wintering period, meanwhile, the chelated trace elements in the phosphorus synergist can meet the requirement of the wheat on high-efficiency trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese and the like, and the urea formaldehyde in the fertilizer composition can combine the slow-release nitrogen provided by the slow-release nitrogen and the quick-acting nitrogen provided by the nitrogen raw material in the basic compound fertilizer to effectively meet the nitrogen requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period, so that the nutrient requirement of the wheat on the large and medium trace elements in the whole growth period can be met by applying the special synergistic compound fertilizer for the wheat, meanwhile, the nutrient effectiveness can be improved, particularly the phosphorus can be obviously reduced, the fixation of the soil to the phosphorus is improved, the activity of the phosphorus is improved, the root growth can be promoted, the requirement of the wheat on the phosphorus in the wintering period is met, and the wheat yield is further improved.
In addition, the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the present invention, the base compound fertilizer is contained in an amount of 30 to 65 parts by weight, the phosphorous synergist is contained in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight, and the urea formaldehyde is contained in an amount of 1 to 4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer. Therefore, the requirements of the wheat on various major and medium trace elements in the whole growth period can be met.
In some embodiments of the invention, the base compound fertilizer comprises N, P2O5、K2O, wherein the content of N is 15 to 30 parts by weight, and P is2O5The content is 10-20 parts by weight, the K2The content of O is 5 to 15 parts by weight.
In some embodiments of the invention, the N is derived from at least one of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, mono-ammonium phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate, preferably at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate.
In some embodiments of the invention, said P2O5Is at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and preferably monoammonium phosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the K2O is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium chloride is preferred.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the humic acid is 15 to 25 parts by weight, the polyglutamic acid is 5 to 10 parts by weight, the carboxymethyl chitosan is 2 to 5 parts by weight, the chelated trace element is 3 to 10 parts by weight, and the sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. Therefore, the effectiveness of the phosphorus in the fertilizer can be improved, the growth of wheat root systems can be promoted, and the yield of wheat can be improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the humic acid is contained in an amount of 18 to 22 parts by weight, the polyglutamic acid is contained in an amount of 6 to 8 parts by weight, the carboxymethyl chitosan is contained in an amount of 3 to 4 parts by weight, the chelated trace element is contained in an amount of 5 to 7 parts by weight, and the sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is contained in an amount of 1 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. Therefore, the effectiveness of the phosphorus in the fertilizer can be improved, the growth of wheat root systems can be promoted, and the yield of wheat can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the chelated trace elements include chelated zinc, chelated iron, and chelated manganese. Therefore, the requirements of wheat on efficient trace elements can be met.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the chelated zinc is 1 to 4 parts by weight, the chelated iron is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and the chelated manganese is 1 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. Therefore, the requirements of wheat on efficient trace elements can be met.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the chelated zinc is 2 to 3 parts by weight, the chelated iron is 1.5 to 2 parts by weight, and the chelated manganese is 1.5 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. Therefore, the requirements of wheat on efficient trace elements can be met.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the chelated trace elements are prepared by reacting chelating agent and trace elements in water, wherein the chelating agent is at least one of EDTA-2Na, EDDHA-Na, and ammonium polyphosphate, preferably EDTA-2Na, EDDHA-Na, and the trace elements are zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and manganese sulfate monohydrate. Therefore, the requirements of wheat on efficient trace elements can be met.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the urea-formaldehyde is prepared by reacting urea and formaldehyde, wherein the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is (2-4): 1.
in some embodiments of the present invention, the fertilizer further comprises 0 to 20 parts by weight of tapioca flour based on 100 parts by weight of the fertilizer.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) sequentially mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution by using a pH regulator, adding a chelating agent into the reaction kettle to be dissolved, adding trace elements into the reaction kettle, and stirring to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, then inputting the mixture into a granulator through a crushing section, simultaneously adding the phosphorus synergist containing chelated trace elements prepared in the step (1) into the granulator, carrying out ammoniation granulation under the condition that ammonia gas and sulfuric acid react to provide reaction heat and a liquid phase environment to obtain fertilizer particles, then reacting urea and liquid formaldehyde in a urea-formaldehyde reaction kettle to generate urea-formaldehyde, and spraying the urea-formaldehyde into the granulator to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Therefore, the compound fertilizer meeting the requirement of the wheat on nutrients of major and medium trace elements in the whole growth period can be prepared by the method for preparing the synergistic compound fertilizer special for the wheat, meanwhile, the nutrient effectiveness of the compound fertilizer can be improved, particularly, phosphorus can be improved, the fixation of the soil to the phosphorus can be obviously reduced, the activity of the phosphorus can be improved, the root growth can be promoted, the requirement of the wheat on the phosphorus in the wintering period can be met, and the yield of the wheat can be further improved.
In addition, the method for preparing the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1), the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5-8 by using a pH regulator.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1), the temperature is maintained for 0.5 to 1 hour at 40 to 70 ℃ and at a rotation speed of 40 to 100 rpm after the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the tapioca flour are mixed and then fed into a granulator through a crushing section.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compound fertilizer comprises: the fertilizer comprises a basic compound fertilizer, a phosphorus synergist and urea formaldehyde, wherein the phosphorus synergist comprises humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, chelated trace elements and sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate. The inventor finds that humic acid and polyglutamic acid are natural high molecular substances which are rich in active functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl and have certain physical, chemical and biological activities, and can react with phosphorus through reactions such as complexation, chelation and adsorption. Therefore, the phosphorus synergist containing the substances can obviously reduce the adsorption and fixation of soil to phosphorus, activate insoluble phosphorus in the soil and improve the activity of the phosphorus, in addition, the substances such as humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan and the like contained in the phosphorus synergist also have the effects of stimulating the root system potential of crops and promoting the root system growth of wheat, thereby promoting the absorption of the phosphorus by the wheat, meanwhile, the substances such as humic acid and the like can also activate and reduce the fixation of trace elements in the soil and improve the effectiveness of the trace elements in the soil, and the chelated trace elements can meet the requirements of the wheat on high-efficiency trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese and the like. The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat, which is formed by applying the application, can meet the nutrient requirements of wheat in the whole growth period on major and medium trace elements, and can improve nutrient effectiveness, particularly phosphorus, obviously reduce the fixation of soil to phosphorus, improve phosphorus activity, promote root growth, meet the requirements of wheat in the wintering period on phosphorus, and further improve wheat yield.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the base compound fertilizer is 30 to 65 parts by weight, the content of the phosphorous synergist is 1 to 5 parts by weight, and the content of the urea formaldehyde is 1 to 4 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer, for example, the content of the base compound fertilizer is 30 parts by weight, 30.1 parts by weight … … 64.9.9 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, the content of the phosphorous synergist is 1 part by weight, 1.1 parts by weight … … 4.9.9 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, and the content of the urea formaldehyde is 1 part by weight, 1.1 parts by weight … … 3.9.9 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer. The inventor finds that the basic composition in the range is based on the soil fertility and the growth and development characteristics of winter wheatThe fertilizer proportion accords with the nutrient demand rule of winter wheat to nitrogen phosphorus potassium during the whole growth period, and under the condition that the normal production condition of the compound fertilizer device is not influenced, the phosphorus synergist in the content range can improve the effectiveness of phosphorus, improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, meet the requirement of wheat on phosphorus, realize the trace high-efficiency purpose of the synergist, and simultaneously, the urea formaldehyde in the range is added, so that the compound fertilizer particle strength and the fertilizer granulation rate can be improved while slow-release nitrogen is provided. Preferably, the base compound fertilizer comprises N, P2O5、K2O, wherein, for example, the N content is 15 parts by weight, 15.1 parts by weight, … … 29.9.9 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, P2O5The content of K is 10 weight portions, 10.1 weight portions … … 19.9.9 weight portions, 20 weight portions2The O content was 5 parts by weight, 5.1 parts by weight, 14.9 parts by weight, and 15 parts by weight. Therefore, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the range accords with the nutrient requirement rule of winter wheat for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period, the waste of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reduced, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, and the wheat yield is improved.
Further, in the fertilizer, N is at least one of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, preferably at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate; p2O5At least one selected from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and monopotassium phosphate, and the monoammonium phosphate is preferred; k2O is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium chloride is preferred.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the fertilizer, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid is 15-25 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 5-10 parts by weight, the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 2-5 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 3-10 parts by weight, and the content of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 0.5-2 parts by weight. For example, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid is 15 parts by weight, 15.1 parts by weight, … … 24.9.9 parts by weight, and 25 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 5 parts by weight, 5.1 parts by weight, … … 9.9.9 parts by weight, and 10 parts by weight, the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 2 parts by weight, 2.1 parts by weight, … … 4.9 parts by weight, and 5 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 3 parts by weight, 3.1 parts by weight, … … 9.9.9 parts by weight, and 10 parts by weight, and the content of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 0.5 parts by weight, 0.6 parts by weight, … … 1.9.9 parts by weight, and 2 parts by weight. The inventor finds that humic acid and polyglutamic acid are natural high molecular substances which are rich in active functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl and have certain physical, chemical and biological activities, and can react with phosphorus through reactions such as complexation, chelation and adsorption. Therefore, the humic acid and the polyglutamic acid in the proportioning range can obviously reduce the adsorption and fixation of the soil to phosphorus, activate insoluble phosphorus in the soil and improve the activity of the phosphorus, and in addition, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the chelated trace elements in the proportioning range can stimulate the root system potential of crops, promote the root system growth of the crops and further promote the absorption of the phosphorus. Preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 6-8 parts by weight, the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 3-4 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 5-7 parts by weight, and the content of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 1-1.5 parts by weight. Therefore, the nutrient requirements of the wheat on major and medium trace elements, particularly phosphorus, in the whole growth period can be met, the growth of root systems is promoted, and the yield of the wheat is increased.
According to a specific example of the present invention, the chelated trace elements include chelated zinc, chelated iron and chelated manganese, and further, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the chelated zinc is 1-4 parts by weight, the chelated iron is 1-3 parts by weight, and the chelated manganese is 1-3 parts by weight. For example, the chelate zinc is contained in an amount of 1 part by weight, 1.1 parts by weight, … … 3.9.9 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, the chelate iron is contained in an amount of 1 part by weight, 1.1 parts by weight, … … 2.9.9 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, and the chelate manganese is contained in an amount of 1 part by weight, 1.1 parts by weight, … … 2.9.9 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. The inventor finds that the chelated trace elements are stable in property, can effectively reduce fixation of zinc, iron and manganese in soil, improve the effectiveness of the trace elements, meet the requirements of crops on various trace elements, and the chelated trace elements added according to the composition proportion meet the requirements of wheat in the growth period on the trace elements. Preferably, the content of the chelated zinc is 2-3 parts by weight, the content of the chelated iron is 1.5-2 parts by weight, and the content of the chelated manganese is 1.5-2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist. Furthermore, the chelated trace elements are prepared by reacting chelating agents and corresponding trace elements in water, wherein the chelating agents are at least one of EDTA-2Na, EDDHA-Na and ammonium polyphosphate, preferably EDTA-2Na and EDDHA-Na, and the trace elements are zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and manganese sulfate monohydrate.
According to another specific example of the invention, urea formaldehyde in the fertilizer is prepared by reacting urea with formaldehyde, wherein the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is (2-4): 1. the inventor finds that the mixing proportion can ensure better curing of the urea formaldehyde, and the polymerization degree is moderate. For example, the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is (2, 2.1 … … 3.9.9, 4): 1.
further, the fertilizer further comprises 0-20 parts by weight of tapioca flour based on 100 parts by weight of the fertilizer. For example, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, … … 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight. The inventor finds that the cassava powder belongs to natural starch, is non-toxic and harmless, does not influence the basic physicochemical property of the fertilizer when added into the fertilizer, can play a role in bonding, and improves the granulation rate of the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior common compound fertilizer, the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat has the following advantages:
(1) the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat has reasonable nutrient distribution ratio, and meets the nutrient requirements of major and medium trace elements required by growth and development of the wheat in the whole growth period;
(2) the phosphorus synergist is added into the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat, so that the synergistic compound fertilizer has a protective effect on phosphorus, can obviously reduce the fixation of soil to a phosphate fertilizer, improves the activity of the phosphorus, can promote the growth of crop roots, improves the absorption and utilization efficiency of the phosphorus, and meets the requirement of the wheat on the phosphorus in the wintering period;
(3) the chelated trace elements are added to the special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat, so that the requirement of the wheat on high-efficiency trace elements such as zinc, iron and manganese is met, and the added urea formaldehyde combines the slow-release nitrogen provided by the urea formaldehyde and the quick-acting nitrogen provided by the nitrogen raw material, so that the nitrogen requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period is effectively met.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: sequentially mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution by using a pH regulator, adding a chelating agent into the reaction kettle for dissolving, adding trace elements into the reaction kettle, stirring to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements,
in the step, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate are sequentially added into a reaction kettle according to the proportion and dissolved by water to obtain a mixed solution, the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5-8, for example, the pH value is 5, 5.1 … … 7.9.9 and 8, the mixed solution is kept at 40-70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 40-100 r/min for 0.5-1 hour, for example, the temperature is 40 ℃, 41 ℃ … … 69 ℃, 70 ℃, the rotating speed is 40 r/min, 41 r/min … … 99 r/min, 100r/min, the time is 0.5 hour, 0.6 hour … … 0.9.9 hour and 1 hour, then the chelating agent is added into the reaction kettle for dissolution, each trace element is added into the reaction kettle, and the chelating reaction is carried out along with stirring, so that the phosphorus synergist chelating agent solution containing the trace elements is obtained. The inventor finds that the mixed solution is too high and too low in pH and is easy to precipitate, and in the pH range of the application, the stability of each component is highest, meanwhile, the chelating agent and the trace elements have the most sufficient chelating reaction, the chelating rate is highest, and the uniform and stable mixed synergistic solution is formed by stirring. It should be noted that the regulator required for regulating the pH of the mixed solution in this step may be any substance capable of realizing pH regulation in the prior art, and those skilled in the art may select the regulator according to actual needs, and details are not described here.
S200: mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, crushing, pelletizing in a pelletizer, adding phosphate synergist containing chelating trace elements into the pelletizer, aminating and pelletizing under the condition of ammonia gas and sulfuric acid reaction providing reaction heat and liquid phase environment, reacting urea and liquid formaldehyde in a urea formaldehyde reaction kettle to produce urea formaldehyde, and spraying the urea formaldehyde into the pelletizer
In the step, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are metered into a mixer through a static belt, mixed uniformly and then input into a granulator through a crushing section, meanwhile, the phosphorus synergist containing chelated trace elements obtained in the step S100 is added into a granulator, ammoniating and granulating under the condition of providing reaction heat and liquid phase environment by the reaction of ammonia gas and sulfuric acid to obtain fertilizer granules, then urea and liquid formaldehyde react in a urea formaldehyde reaction kettle to generate urea formaldehyde, and the urea formaldehyde is sprayed into a granulator, continuously reacting ammonia and sulfuric acid in a pipeline of a granulator, directly feeding the ammonia and the sulfuric acid into a material layer of the granulator for granulation, agglomerating the materials into granules in the granulator under the regulation of reaction heat and steam provided by the ammonia and the sulfuric acid, drying, cooling and screening the obtained compound fertilizer granules to obtain compound fertilizer granules with qualified particle size, and the compound fertilizer granules or compound fertilizer powder with unqualified grain size are crushed and then returned to the granulator for re-granulation. It should be noted that, those skilled in the art can select the particle size of the qualified compound fertilizer particles according to actual needs, and details are not described herein.
Furthermore, the cassava powder belongs to natural starch, is non-toxic and harmless, does not influence the basic physicochemical properties of the fertilizer when added into the fertilizer, can play a role in bonding, and improves the granulation rate of the fertilizer.
It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat are also applicable to the method for preparing the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat, and are not described herein again.
Therefore, the compound fertilizer meeting the requirement of the wheat on nutrients of major and medium trace elements in the whole growth period can be prepared by the method for preparing the synergistic compound fertilizer special for the wheat, meanwhile, the nutrient effectiveness of the compound fertilizer can be improved, particularly, phosphorus can be improved, the fixation of the soil to the phosphorus can be obviously reduced, the activity of the phosphorus can be improved, the root growth can be promoted, the requirement of the wheat on the phosphorus in the wintering period can be met, and the yield of the wheat can be further improved.
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are exemplary only, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, all reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be synthesized according to methods herein or known, and are readily available to those skilled in the art for reaction conditions not listed, if not explicitly stated.
Example 1
The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat comprises the following raw materials: 46.1 parts of urea, 28 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 11.7 parts of potassium chloride, 10.2 parts of cassava flour, 1 part of a phosphorus synergist and 3 parts of urea formaldehyde, wherein based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid is 25 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 10 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 10 parts by weight (the content of chelated zinc is 4 parts by weight, the content of chelated iron is 3 parts by weight and the content of chelated manganese is 3 parts by weight), the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 5 parts by weight and the content of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 2 parts by weight.
The preparation steps of the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat are as follows:
(1) mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 6.5 by using a pH regulator, heating to 65 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1 hour at 100r/min, adding 9 parts by weight of EDTA-2Na into the reaction kettle for dissolving, sequentially adding 2 parts by weight of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1.3 parts by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate into the reaction kettle, supplementing the solution in the reaction kettle to 100 parts by weight by using water, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) weighing according to a certain proportionMeasuring nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and cassava powder by a static belt, feeding the materials into a mixer, mixing the materials uniformly, feeding the mixture into a granulator through a crushing section, weighing the phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements prepared in the step (1) in proportion, feeding the weighed phosphorus synergist solution into the granulator, carrying out ammoniation granulation under the condition that ammonia gas and sulfuric acid react to provide reaction heat and a liquid phase environment, and producing the fertilizer with the N content of 24 percent and the P content of 24 percent2O5Content 14%, K2Fertilizer granules with an O content of 7%; urea and a 37 wt% liquid formaldehyde solution were simultaneously mixed in a ratio of 3.5: reacting in a urea-formaldehyde reaction kettle according to the proportion of 1 to generate urea-formaldehyde, then spraying the urea-formaldehyde into a granulator, drying, cooling and screening the generated fertilizer particles, carrying out surface treatment on the fertilizer particles with qualified particle size, then metering and packaging the fertilizer particles into finished products, and crushing the fertilizer particles or powder with unqualified particle size and then feeding the crushed fertilizer particles or powder into the granulator for granulation again.
The special synergistic compound fertilizer 1 for wheat with the product specification of 24-14-7 is obtained through the steps.
Example 2
The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat comprises the following raw materials: 46.1 parts of urea, 28 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 11.7 parts of potassium chloride, 6.2 parts of cassava flour, 5 parts of a phosphorus synergist and 3 parts of urea formaldehyde, wherein based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid in the phosphorus synergist is 15 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 5 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 3 parts by weight (the content of chelated zinc is 1 part by weight, the content of chelated iron is 1 part by weight, and the content of chelated manganese is 1 part by weight), the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 2 parts by weight and the content of methylenedinaphthalene sodium sulfonate is 0.5 part by weight.
The preparation steps of the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat are as follows:
(1) mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 5 by using a pH regulator, heating to 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1 hour at 70r/min, adding 3 parts by weight of EDTA-2Na into the reaction kettle for dissolving, sequentially adding 0.5 part by weight of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.7 part by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 0.5 part by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate into the reaction kettle, supplementing the solution in the reaction kettle to 100 parts by weight by using water, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) the same as in example 1.
The special synergistic compound fertilizer 2 for wheat with the product specification of 24-14-7 is obtained through the steps.
Example 3
The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat comprises the following raw materials: 46.1 parts of urea, 28 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 11.7 parts of potassium chloride, 8.7 parts of cassava flour, 2.5 parts of a phosphorus synergist and 3 parts of urea formaldehyde, wherein based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid in the phosphorus synergist is 22 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 8 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 7 parts by weight (the content of chelated zinc is 3 parts by weight, the content of chelated iron is 2 parts by weight and the content of chelated manganese is 2 parts by weight), the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 4 parts by weight and the content of sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate is 1.5 parts by weight.
The preparation steps of the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat are as follows:
(1) mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 5.5 by using a pH regulator, heating to 60 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1 hour at 90r/min, then adding 6 parts by weight of EDTA-2Na into the reaction kettle for dissolving, then sequentially adding 1.5 parts by weight of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1.4 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 0.9 part by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate into the reaction kettle, complementing the solution in the reaction kettle to 100 parts by weight by using water, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) same as example 1
The special synergistic compound fertilizer 3 for wheat with the product specification of 24-14-7 is obtained through the steps.
Example 4
The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat comprises the following raw materials: 46.1 parts of urea, 28 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 11.7 parts of potassium chloride, 7.2 parts of cassava flour, 4 parts of a phosphorus synergist and 3 parts of urea formaldehyde, wherein based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist, the content of humic acid in the phosphorus synergist is 18 parts by weight, the content of polyglutamic acid is 6 parts by weight, the content of chelated trace elements is 5 parts by weight (the content of chelated zinc is 2 parts by weight, the content of chelated iron is 1.5 parts by weight, and the content of chelated manganese is 1.5 parts by weight), the content of carboxymethyl chitosan is 3 parts by weight and the content of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate is 1 part by weight.
The preparation steps of the synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat are as follows:
(1) mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 6 by using a pH regulator, heating to 65 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1 hour at 80r/min, adding 4.5 parts by weight of EDTA-2Na into the reaction kettle for dissolving, sequentially adding 1 part by weight of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1 part by weight of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 0.7 part by weight of manganese sulfate monohydrate into the reaction kettle, supplementing the solution in the reaction kettle to 100 parts by weight by using water, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) the same as in example 1.
The special synergistic compound fertilizer 4 for wheat with the product specification of 24-14-7 is obtained through the steps.
Comparative example
Ordinary compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O24-14-7) and no phosphorus synergist.
Experiment 1
The synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the common compound fertilizer of the comparative example were subjected to a fertilizer effect test on wheat.
The experimental design was as follows:
wheat variety to be tested: jimai 22
Test site: shandong Dezhou
Test time: 08 days in 10 months in 2018-30 days in 6 months in 2019
And (3) experimental design: the fertilizer efficiency of the special compound fertilizer for wheat is verified by adopting a plot experiment, the total number of the experiments is 5, and comparative examples are respectively appliedFertilizer, fertilizer application example 1, fertilizer application example 2, fertilizer application example 3, and fertilizer application example 4, each treatment was repeated 3 times for 15 cells each having an area of 100m2The fertilizing amount is 40 kg/mu, wherein the wheat management is carried out according to the local conventional cultivation technology.
Analysis of test results
TABLE 1 Effect of the synergistic Compound fertilizers for wheat obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the conventional Compound fertilizers of comparative examples on wheat yield
The results in table 1 show that compared with the common compound fertilizer in the comparative example, the 4 special synergistic compound fertilizers for wheat in examples 1-4 can promote the growth of wheat, improve the number of grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight and the yield of wheat by 6.45% -16.13%, 2.38% -3.69% and 6.10% -10.40%, respectively, and improve the yield-increasing effect, namely the fertilizer in example 2, the fertilizer in example 4, the fertilizer in example 3, the fertilizer in example 1 and the common compound fertilizer in the comparative example, and can improve the apparent phosphorus utilization rate of the compound fertilizer by 3.26-5.66%. Therefore, the phosphorus synergist is added into the compound fertilizer, so that the growth of wheat can be remarkably promoted, the absorption and utilization of phosphorus are improved, and the yield of wheat is improved.
Experiment 2
The influence of the special synergistic compound fertilizer for wheat obtained in examples 1-4 and the common compound fertilizer of the comparative example on the phosphorus conversion of soil is tested.
And (3) experimental design: soil culture test according to phosphorus content (P)2O50.3g/kg dry soil) principle design, 5 treatments are totally arranged for the comparison fertilizer and the four special synergistic compound fertilizers for wheat in examples 1-4, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times. The 5 fertilizers to be tested are respectively and fully mixed with 500g of dry soil passing through a 2mm sieve, the water content of the soil is adjusted to 60 percent of the field water capacity by a gravimetric method, then the mixture is put into a 600ml culture bottle, a plastic film is used for sealing, 4 small holes are reserved on the film, the culture bottle is placed in a 25 ℃ artificial climate box for constant-temperature continuous culture, and the water content of the soil is periodically adjusted to be kept unchanged. In cultureAnd (5) taking soil samples at 30d and 80d after cultivation, and determining the content of the available phosphorus in the soil.
TABLE 2 Effect of the synergistic Compound fertilizers for wheat obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the conventional Compound fertilizers of the comparative examples on phosphorus in soil
The results in table 2 show that, compared with the common compound fertilizer in the comparative example, the synergistic compound fertilizer specially used for 4 kinds of wheat in examples 1 to 4 can improve the effectiveness of phosphorus in the fertilizer and the effective phosphorus content in the soil, the effective phosphorus content in the soil is improved by 14.40 to 35.08 percent after 30 days of culture, the fertilizer still has a good effect after 80 days of culture, and the effective phosphorus content in the soil is improved by 12.91 to 25.26 percent.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A synergistic compound fertilizer special for wheat is characterized by comprising: basic compound fertilizer, phosphorus synergist, urea formaldehyde,
wherein the phosphorus synergist comprises humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, chelated trace elements and sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate.
2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the base compound fertilizer is contained in an amount of 30 to 65 parts by weight, the phosphorous synergist is contained in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight, and the urea formaldehyde is contained in an amount of 1 to 4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer.
3. The fertilizer material of claim 1 or 2, wherein said base compound fertilizer comprises N, P2O5、K2O，
Wherein the N content is 15-30 parts by weight and the P content is 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer2O5The content is 10-20 parts by weight, the K2The content of O is 5 to 15 parts by weight.
4. The fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein said N is derived from at least one of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, mono-ammonium phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate, preferably at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate;
optionally, said P2O5At least one selected from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and monopotassium phosphate, and the monoammonium phosphate is preferred;
optionally, K is2O is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium chloride is preferred.
5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid is contained in an amount of 15 to 25 parts by weight, the polyglutamic acid is contained in an amount of 5 to 10 parts by weight, the carboxymethyl chitosan is contained in an amount of 2 to 5 parts by weight, the chelated trace element is contained in an amount of 3 to 10 parts by weight, and the sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist.
6. The fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the humic acid is contained in an amount of 18 to 22 parts by weight, the polyglutamic acid is contained in an amount of 6 to 8 parts by weight, the carboxymethyl chitosan is contained in an amount of 3 to 4 parts by weight, the chelated trace element is contained in an amount of 5 to 7 parts by weight, and the sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate is contained in an amount of 1 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the phosphorus synergist.
7. The fertilizer material of claim 5 or 6, wherein said chelated trace elements include chelated zinc, chelated iron, and chelated manganese.
8. The fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the amount of said zinc chelate is 1 to 4 parts by weight, the amount of said iron chelate is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and the amount of said manganese chelate is 1 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of said phosphorus synergist.
9. The fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the amount of said zinc chelate is 2 to 3 parts by weight, the amount of said iron chelate is 1.5 to 2 parts by weight, and the amount of said manganese chelate is 1.5 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of said phosphorus synergist.
10. The fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein said chelated trace elements are prepared by reacting a chelating agent and trace elements in water,
the chelating agent is at least one of EDTA-2Na, EDDHA-Na and ammonium polyphosphate, preferably EDTA-2Na and EDDHA-Na, and the trace elements are zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and manganese sulfate monohydrate.
11. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the urea-formaldehyde is prepared by reacting urea with formaldehyde, wherein the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is (2-4): 1.
12. the fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer further comprises 0 to 20 parts by weight of tapioca as a filler, based on 100 parts by weight of the synergistic compound fertilizer.
13. A method of preparing the fertilizer of any one of claims 1-12, comprising:
(1) sequentially mixing humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium methylenedinaphthalene sulfonate and water in a reaction kettle, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution by using a pH regulator, adding a chelating agent into the reaction kettle to be dissolved, adding trace elements into the reaction kettle, and stirring to obtain a phosphorus synergist solution containing chelated trace elements;
(2) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, then inputting the mixture into a granulator through a crushing section, simultaneously adding the phosphorus synergist containing chelated trace elements prepared in the step (1) into the granulator, carrying out ammoniation granulation under the condition that ammonia gas and sulfuric acid react to provide reaction heat and a liquid phase environment to obtain fertilizer particles, then reacting urea and liquid formaldehyde in a urea-formaldehyde reaction kettle to generate urea-formaldehyde, and spraying the urea-formaldehyde into the granulator to obtain the compound fertilizer.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein in the step (1), the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5 to 8 by using a pH adjusting agent.
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein in the step (1), the temperature is maintained for 0.5 to 1 hour at 40 to 70 ℃ and 40 to 100 rpm after the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted.
16. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein in step (2), the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the cassava flour are mixed and then fed into a granulator through a crushing section.
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