CN1733655A - Synergistic urea and its preparation method and uses - Google Patents
Synergistic urea and its preparation method and uses Download PDFInfo
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- CN1733655A CN1733655A CNA2004100551617A CN200410055161A CN1733655A CN 1733655 A CN1733655 A CN 1733655A CN A2004100551617 A CNA2004100551617 A CN A2004100551617A CN 200410055161 A CN200410055161 A CN 200410055161A CN 1733655 A CN1733655 A CN 1733655A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synergy building urea, which comprises (by weight percent) 0.01-10% of plyaspartic acid or its salt, and 90-99.99% of urea, the invention also discloses the process for preparing the product, which comprises charging plyaspartic acid or its salt directly into molten state urea, then mixing and granulating. The invention also discloses the use of the product in agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synergistic urea, relate in particular to the synergistic urea that composition comprises poly aspartic acid or its salt and urea, the application of this synergistic urea on agricultural is provided simultaneously.
Background technology
Nitrogenous fertilizer is the fertilizer that the agricultural crops growth is relied on, and wherein 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.Because urase effect urea can be decomposed rapidly in soil, make crop have little time to absorb fully its nutrient, quite a few nitrogen just loses with current or has volatilized, can not bring into play its due getting fat effect, according to statistics, the utilization ratio of common urea commonly used only is 20～30% at present, such method of application has caused the waste of resource, and append more urea in order to improve application effect, have little effect for crop, can only cause problems such as the wasting of resources, cost rising and environmental pollution more.
If enzyme and the microbial host urase and the nitrobacteria of rapid decomposition and oxidation urea in the soil, it makes the rapid ammoniumization of urea and nitrated generation ammonium nitrogen and nitre nitrogen.In order to prevent and to delay this process, improve the utilization ratio of urea, those skilled in the art have carried out many research, for example, add quinhydrones, humic acid as urease inhibitor in film urea and the urea, but the production difficulty of the urea of filming is big, the effect of filming be cannot say for sure to demonstrate,prove, and used urease inhibitor can not mix with urea well at present, can not add in the technological process of production of urea, and this brings huge difficulty for the suitability for industrialized production of urea; Also have research with N-Methyl pyrrolidone as urease inhibitors, but fail eventually penetration and promotion because of cost is too high.
Therefore, develop efficient, slowly-releasing and the urea fertilizer of environmental protection and the technology of producing this urea fertilizer, soil and crop really are benefited, have good economic outlook and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
At the present situation of using of urea, in order further to improve urea efficiency, the inventor is through a large amount of experimental studies, develops a kind of product that can synergy also can make slow released urea, solved the problems referred to above that prior art exists.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of synergistic urea,, in actual the using, when promoting crop to absorb, also play the quick decomposition of inhibition urea components and the effect of loss by in urea, adding a certain proportion of poly aspartic acid constituents.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned synergistic urea.
The present invention also aims to provide the application of above-mentioned synergistic urea on agricultural.
For achieving the above object, synergistic urea provided by the invention is that 0.01～10% poly aspartic acid (also claims poly-aspartic-acid by weight percent, PA) or the urea of its salt and 90～99.99% form, to be poly aspartic acid or its salt with urea under the molten state mix and through the resulting product of granulation.
Wherein this poly aspartic acid or its salt should have better water solubility, i.e. small molecules product, and preferably its molecular weight distribution is 1000～10000.
Synergistic urea provided by the invention can obviously improve crop to fertilizer utilization ratio and specific absorption, significantly improves crop quality; This synergistic urea is in manufacturing processed, by with additive (PA) and urea mixing granulation under molten state, its effect obviously is better than directly being sprayed at the product that urea surface obtains, analyze former because: one, PA and urea is mixing granulation under molten state, be connected with chemical bond between the molecule, spray PA after the granulation again and then be simple physical adds and effect; Its two, PA mixes with urea melting can make in the product dispersion of effective constituent more even, therefore be applied to soil after, be significant for the raising of its effect of crop.
The additive that is contained in the synergistic urea provided by the invention (also making synergistic agent) is poly aspartic acid or its salt, and its weight percent in synergistic urea is preferably 0.05～0.12%; Can be preferably sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt or its mixing salt of poly aspartic acid; Also can be the alkaline earth salt of this poly aspartic acid, for example calcium salt, magnesium salts etc.
Before the present invention, poly aspartic acid (salt) mainly is used as plant nutrient promotor and uses separately, and there are research and test-results to show, using of it can promote farm crop to nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace elements absorbed in the soil, but not the people does not combine consideration with the character of using and improve urea fertilizer and the effect of poly aspartic acid.That is to say, if the very fast decomposition of nutrient and have little time to be absorbed in the urea fertilizer of using, or user increases consumption for improving to render a service, and nutrient can be lost with soil erosion equally, also can not receive desired result even use so-called nutrient promotor at this moment.
Synergistic urea provided by the invention is when making full use of the characteristic of poly aspartic acid, itself and the urea form with product is combined as a whole, when promoting crop to the fertilizer nutrient specific absorption, can improve the utilization ratio of urea, and in the process of suitability for industrialized production, the granulating rate of product also is improved than common urea, has reduced the content of powder-like product, has also improved the yield of urea product.
The present invention also provides the method for preparing above-mentioned synergistic urea, comprises adding in the urea of molten state poly aspartic acid or its salt and the process of mixing and granulation.
For making PA homodisperse in urea, can use its aqueous solution form, generally can be the aqueous solution of 1～50% weight ratio.In the flow process of suitability for industrialized production urea, can adopt metering facility (for example volume pump, measuring instrument etc.) to add PA solution in proportion, usually before the granulating working procedure of urea, directly be added in the urea of molten state, through mixing, finish granulation according to normal process, promptly obtain synergistic urea of the present invention.
Experiment showed, that with poly aspartic acid or its salt and the granulation of fusing urea mixing granulating rate improves 2～3%, powder-like product reduces; It slowly discharges urea by the connection bonding action of molecular chemistry key in soil, brought up to about 100 day by original 50 days time of releasing, improves utilization rate of fertilizer more than 15%, is reaching under the prerequisite of effect same, can save fertilizer more than 15%; And significantly improve the activity of crop salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride reductase enzyme and peroxidase, effect obviously be better than filming urea or add the urea product of other urease inhibitorses.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, synergistic urea of the present invention can be used as crop base manure and secondary appends fertilising, to promote plant growth and to improve output, wherein wheat increase yield is more than 15%, and the wet gluten content of this wheat, crude protein (butt) and unit weight etc. are improved, specifically referring to embodiment three; Vegetables volume increase about 20% is referring to embodiment seven.
The constructional feature of poly aspartic acid is that intramolecule comprises-the COOH group, the end of polymkeric substance also has-COOH and-NH
2Therefore group has stronger sequestering power, and synergistic urea of the present invention discharges at the nutrient of control urea, and the utilization ratio advantage that improves urea should slowly discharge urea from the sequestering power of PA to urea in soil.Therefore, we can say that product of the present invention is a synergistic urea, also is long-acting carbamide.
For the character of poly aspartic acid and salt thereof and synthetic early existing report, and have multiple product commercially available, thus among the present invention the poly aspartic acid that adopts or its salt be commercially available product, also can synthesize according to known method, this paper repeats no more.
According to different purposes and needs, the positively charged ion of the polyaspartic acid salts among the present invention also can comprise other trace elements, or also optionally add phosphate radical except above-mentioned sodium, potassium, ammonium ion etc., replenishes the nutrient content of phosphorus.These preparation process can realize by known method, thereby obtain the series product of this synergistic urea, in this also no longer narration.
The inventor shows this product application in agricultural experiment: can promote farm crop to nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace elements absorbed in the soil really; Can make vegetables, grain and fruit crop yield; Simultaneously can strengthen the anti-adversity ability of farm crop, improve the quality of farm crop, the structure etc. of improving the soil.
According to another preferred implementation of the present invention, the contriver has proposed the application of described synergistic urea in promoting crop growth, use synergistic urea of the present invention, improved utilization ratio and the specific absorption of crop to nitrogenous fertilizer, obvious effect of increasing production, amount of application is decided according to concrete crop varieties and demand.
Synergistic urea of the present invention is a kind of solid phase prod, and particle is φ 0.85mm～2.8mm, and color is generally white, also can add pigment as required and make colour (as yellow, redness, green etc.), and it is nontoxic, pollution-free green environmentally friendly machine.
By detecting and test, product of the present invention is as follows in advantage and the characteristics that the use of agricultural has:
1) product of the present invention can improve crop salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride reductase enzyme and peroxidase activity, and crop quality is improved.
2) product of the present invention can improve utilization rate of fertilizer more than 15%, make product more traditional urea time of releasing in soil prolong one times, can reduce fertilizer amount after using, reduce excessive or use the chemical fertilizer environmental pollution that causes such as improper, society, remarkable in economical benefits are the environment-friendly product.
3) usage quantity is few, and is compatible strong, can work in coordination with agricultural chemicals, sterilant and use.
4) do not contain any toxic substance, and degradable, there is not cumulative bad to pollute to soil.
5) this synergistic urea is in manufacturing processed, and by with additive and fusing urea mixing granulation, the product meal that obtains reduces, directly utilize urea production line, production unit is not had particular requirement and input, improved the yield of product, so the input-output ratio height, economic benefit is obvious.
Embodiment
Below the beneficial effect introducing realization of the present invention and brought by specific embodiments, but protection domain of the present invention is not constituted any qualification.
The poly aspartic acid of using in following examples or its salt are the serial synergistic agent of the commodity " Lv Feng source " by name that the applicant produced, and this synergistic agent can be sylvite, sodium salt, ammonium salt or its mixing salt of poly aspartic acid.Molecular weight distribution is mainly 5000～8000.
Embodiment one:
In the suitability for industrialized production urea plant of 240,000 tons of annual outputs, at the uniform velocity add " Lv Feng source " poly aspartic acid potassium salt soln by volume pump, with different adding speed (50kg/ hour, 85kg/ hour and 75kg/ hour, proportion 1.2) add, add the implantation site before granulation, with in prilling tower, make 25 tons/hour of φ 0.85mm～2.8mm synergistic urea behind the fusing urea mixing, resulting urea specification sees the following form;
Comparative Examples: operation and device are with embodiment one, and just the carbamide granulation process does not add poly aspartic acid or its salt, produce resulting urea specification and see the following form GB2440-2001 (urea) down;
The product quality indicator contrast of synergistic urea is as follows:
| Synergistic urea | GB2440-2001 (urea) | Synergistic urea | GB2440-2001 (urea) | Synergistic urea | GB2440-2001 (urea) | |
| Add speed | 50kg/ hour | 85kg/ hour | 75kg/ hour | |||
| Moisture content | 0.28％ | 0.5％ | 0.36％ | 0.5％ | 0.45％ | 0.5％ |
| Biuret | 0.76％ | 0.9％ | 0.85％ | 0.9％ | 0.82％ | 0.9％ |
| Nitrogen content | 46.61％ | 46.3％ | 46.60％ | 46.3％ | 46.60％ | 46.3％ |
| Color | White | White | White | White | Lemon yellow | White |
| Synergistic agent content | 0.06％ | 0.102％ | 0.09％ | |||
| Granulating rate | 97％ | 94％ | 97％ | 94％ | 97％ | 94％ |
Adopt the mixture of poly aspartic acid, poly aspartic acid ammonium salt or ammonium salt and sylvite, according to producing synergistic urea with quadrat method, every index is basic identical.
Embodiment two:
Synergistic urea wheatland fertilising control experiment of the present invention.
Control measures unanimities such as 3.5 mu of wheatland areas, sowing apply fertilizer to the subsoil.Wheat period of seedling establishment in 2004 is divided into the control experiment of applying fertilizer of two sub-districts:
Sub-district, west: the synergistic urea 25kg/ mu of using the present invention (embodiment one)
Sub-district, east: use common urea (Comparative Examples) 25kg/ mu
The result shows: the wheat of using synergistic urea compares with the wheat of using common urea, and the leaf look dark green, and blade is roomy, growing way is fast, and disease and pest takes place low.Every index is as follows:
| Use the chemical fertilizer title | Plant height (cm) | The mu spike number | Grain number per spike | Thousand seed weight (g) | Gross weight (kg) | Stimulation ratio % |
| Synergistic urea | 80 | 368425 | 38 | 38.1 | 453.3 | 19.5 |
| Common urea | 76 | 298991 | 39.6 | 37.7 | 379.4 |
Embodiment three:
Use the wheat that the synergistic urea of embodiment one gathers in the crops and compare, the results are shown in following table with the quality of wheat of using the common urea results:
| Interventions Requested | Use the wheat of synergistic urea | Use the wheat of common urea |
| Wet gluten (%) | 24.9 | 23.3 |
| Unit weight (grams per liter) | 780 | 113 |
| Crude protein (butt) (%) | 13.8 | 13.0 |
The result shows: after using synergistic urea of the present invention, the wet gluten content of wheat, crude protein (butt) and unit weight etc. all increase.
Embodiment four:
The synergistic urea of embodiment one is applied to the corn fertilizing control experiment.Test group is identical with control group sowing management, different is that test group is executed synergistic urea 33.3kg/ mu, and control group is executed common urea 50kg/ mu, two groups of contrasts after the harvest, every mu of ground harvest is 445kg, and the rate of fertilizer application of executing the corn field of synergistic urea has reduced 1/3 than conventional fertilizer application amount.
Embodiment five:
The synergistic urea of embodiment one is applied to the fertilization of rice control experiment.Test group is identical with control group sowing management, different is that test group is executed synergistic urea 33.3kg mu, control group is executed common urea 50kg/ mu, two groups of contrasts after the harvest, test group output is 576.5kg, control group output 565kg, the test group rate of fertilizer application of executing synergistic urea has reduced 1/3 than control group rate of fertilizer application, and output has still increased by 2%.
Embodiment six:
The synergistic urea of embodiment one (having added the ammonium salt of poly aspartic acid) is applied to the soybean fertilization control experiment.Test group and control group sowing management and apply fertilizer to the subsoil all identically, rate of fertilizer application is identical, and different is that test group is executed synergistic urea, 300 mu of test area, per mu yield 156kg; 100 mu of control group areas, per mu yield 133kg, by contrast, the test group of executing synergistic urea is than control group volume increase 17.3%.
Embodiment seven:
The synergistic urea of embodiment one (ammonium salt) is applied to Chinese cabbage fertilising control experiment.Test group (2 mu) is identical with control group (2 mu) sowing management, rate of fertilizer application is 60kg/ mu, different is that test group is executed synergistic urea, control group is executed common urea, two groups of contrasts after the harvest, 6000 jin/mu of test group results Chinese cabbages, 5000 jin/mu of control group results Chinese cabbages, result's demonstration is used the vegetables per mu yield of synergistic urea and is used common urea increase by 20%.
Embodiment eight:
Synergistic urea can prolong nitre nitrogen (NO
3-the formation time and the quantity that N) (also claim nitric nitrogen), concrete detection method and detect index with reference to " " mensuration of nitric nitrogen " operation down that Chinese fertilizer handbook (publishing in calendar year 2001 as Chinese chemical information weekly supplementary issue) the 715th～716 is put down in writing.
Synergistic urea formation nitre nitrogen amount to different adding proportions detects, and experiment showed, that the time that nitre nitrogen generates also increases along with the increase that adds the content of synergistic agent in the urea, and the total amount that nitre nitrogen generates then reduces.The results are shown in following table:
| The add-on % of synergistic agent in the urea | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.12 |
| Nitric nitrogen forms % | 100.2 | 75.1 | 60.4 | 40.1 | 35.4 | 33.7 |
| The highest time of nitric nitrogen (my god) | 40.1 | 45 | 80.2 | 80 | 80 | 80.3 |
As can be seen from the above table, because the adding of synergistic agent has suppressed the conversion capability of nitrifier, make the rise time of nitric nitrogen and generate the inhibition that total amount is subjected to synergistic agent, and then delayed the hydrolysis rate of synergistic urea in soil, increase the shelf time of nitrogen nutrient in soil, fully the supply crop absorbs, thereby has improved the utilization ratio of nitrogen, increases the output of crop.
More than described the preferred embodiment for the present invention, so it is not in order to limit the present invention.Those skilled in the art can not depart from the improvement and the variation of category of the present invention and spirit to embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of synergistic urea, it is that 0.01～10% the poly aspartic acid or the urea of its salt and 90～99.99% constitute by weight percent, and this synergistic urea be by poly aspartic acid or its salt mix with the urea of molten state and granulation after product.
2, the described synergistic urea of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of this poly aspartic acid or its salt is 1000～10000.
3, the described synergistic urea of claim 1, wherein, the salt of described poly aspartic acid is selected from the sodium salt of poly aspartic acid, sylvite, ammonium salt and mixing thereof.
4, the described synergistic urea of claim 1, wherein, the salt of described poly aspartic acid is the alkaline earth salt of poly aspartic acid.
5, the described synergistic urea of claim 1, wherein, the weight percent of described poly aspartic acid or its salt is 0.05～0.12%, the weight percent of urea is 99.88～99.95%.
6, the method for preparing the described synergistic urea of claim 1 is comprising in the urea that poly aspartic acid or its salt is added molten state and the process of mixing and granulation.
7, the described method of claim 6, wherein said poly aspartic acid or its salt are the aqueous solution that contains poly aspartic acid or its salt 1～50% weight ratio.
8, claim 6 or 7 described methods wherein, add poly aspartic acid or its salt before the granulating working procedure of urea production process, direct and fusing urea mixes, and implements granulation then.
9, improve crop to the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer and the method for specific absorption, it is characterized in that, use each described synergistic urea of claim 1～5.
10, the described method of claim 9, wherein said crop comprises grain, vegetables and fruit.
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