CN111466345B - Short-period rapid breeding method for camellia oleifera pollination bees - Google Patents
Short-period rapid breeding method for camellia oleifera pollination bees Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a short-period rapid breeding method for camellia oleifera pollination bees, which comprises the following steps: s1, placing the breeding bee group and the collected bee group in the camellia oleifera forest for cultivation respectively in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera; s2, collecting camellia oleifera nectar powder by the collecting bee group after the young flowers of camellia oleifera are buckled in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera to obtain sufficient camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder; the breeding honeybee group recovers and recombines the surviving breeding honeybees after the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera is finished to form a new breeding honeybee colony; s3, feeding the collected camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder collected by the collected bee groups to recover the recombined bee colonies after the florescence is finished; s4, in step S3, the bee breeding is fed for multiple generations to obtain the new bee queen bee for resisting the oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning. The method can be used for cultivating the bee completely immune to oil extraction camellia poisoning in a short period, and is used for improving the yield of oil camellia honey products and the economic value of oil camellia forests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bee breeding method, in particular to a short-period rapid breeding method for camellia oleifera pollination bees.
Background
The oil tea is one of four major woody oil plants in the world, and has high comprehensive value. The main product of the camellia oleifera, namely the camellia oil, contains more than 90 percent of unsaturated fatty acid which is far higher than that of other vegetable oil such as rape oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and the like, the vitamin E in the camellia oil is twice higher than that of olive oil, and the camellia oleifera oil contains characteristic physiological active substances such as camellin and the like, so that the camellia oleifera has extremely high nutritional value; and has effects in moistening lung, removing toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, and caring skin; the tea oil has effects of reducing harmful cholesterol, resisting cancer, preventing blood pressure increase, and preventing cardiovascular diseases; the tea seed shells, tea seed meal and the like of the tea oil are raw materials of chemical industry, light industry, food, medicines and the like, and the economic value of the tea oil is immeasurable.
In addition, the camellia oleifera flowers are large and have much honey and long flowering period, camellia oleifera nectar is called a honey storehouse, camellia oleifera nectar products in the market are blank at present, and the development value prospect is high.
At present, the large-area development of the camellia oleifera forest in China causes the reduction of pollination insects due to factors such as artificial reclamation, pesticide disease removal, chemical weeding, environmental pollution and the like, is almost zero, causes the rapid low fruit bearing rate of the camellia oleifera, is a common phenomenon in China, and seriously influences the yield and the economic benefit of the camellia oleifera.
The honey of the camellia oleifera flowers contains aminophylline and the like which can cause bee dyspepsia, and the pollination of the camellia oleifera flowers to collect the camellia oleifera honey can cause the poisoned big tripe and rotten tripe of bees to die and the rotten larva of the larva to death, so that beekeepers generally give up oil-extracting camellia, and the camellia oleifera forest has no bee farmers to put bees and have no bee pollination to collect the honey.
Therefore, in the face of the low fruit setting rate of the camellia oleifera and the rich honey source of the camellia oleifera flowers, the bees for pollinating and collecting honey for the camellia oleifera are urgently needed to be rapidly cultivated, so that the fruit setting rate of the camellia oleifera is improved to the maximum degree, and bee products such as the camellia oleifera honey are developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a rapid breeding method for bee with complete immunity and camellia poisoning in short period to improve the yield of camellia oleifera honey and the economic value of camellia oleifera forest.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for quickly cultivating the camellia oleifera pollination bees in a short period is provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the breeding bee group and the collected bee group in the camellia oleifera forest for cultivation respectively in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera;
s2, collecting camellia oleifera nectar powder by the collecting bee group after the young flowers of camellia oleifera are buckled in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera to obtain sufficient camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder; the breeding honeybee group recovers and recombines the surviving breeding honeybees after the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera is finished to form a new breeding honeybee colony;
s3, feeding the collected camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder collected by the collected bee groups to recover the recombined bee colonies after the florescence is finished;
s4, in step S3, the bee breeding is fed for multiple generations to obtain the new bee queen bee for resisting the oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning.
In the method for quickly cultivating the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, the camellia oleifera forest is an old camellia oleifera forest, the bee breeding group and the bee collecting group are respectively arranged at the central position of the camellia oleifera forest and face south from the back mountain with the north wind resistance, and the hive entrance is arranged facing south.
In the method for quickly cultivating the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, the camellia oleifera forest is an old camellia oleifera forest with the area of more than 20 years, the area is 2000 mu, and nearby natural water sources are free of pollution.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, before the breeding bee group and the collection bee group are respectively placed in the camellia oleifera forest in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera, the operation of thoroughly breaking young and controlling mites is performed.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, a greenhouse is built in the center of the camellia oleifera forest, and when the temperature in the camellia oleifera forest is below 8 ℃ or continuous rainfall weather occurs, the breeding bee group and the collected bee group are placed in the greenhouse for breeding in the processes from S1 to S3.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period, the whole process from the step S1 to the step S4 is controlled within two years.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, in the step S2, the honey collecting time interval of the honey collection group is 3-6 days each time during the honey collection period.
In the above-mentioned method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period according to the present invention, the number of the breeding bee groups is kept from being increased during the steps S1 to S4, and the number of the newly collected bee groups is continuously increased during the steps S1 to S4 for collecting camellia oleifera pollen.
In the above-mentioned method for rapidly breeding bees pollinated with camellia oleifera in a short period according to the present invention, in step S3, the method for feeding bee colonies with bee colonies for multiple generations to obtain a new bee queen for resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning by iterative breeding comprises the steps of:
s31, feeding and recovering recombined bee colonies with antidote once every two days, feeding with camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder, observing the bee colonies until a new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning is generated, and obtaining a first generation of new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning;
s32, feeding bee colonies of the oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the first generation of immune oil tea flower poisoning in the step S31 with antidotes once every three days, and performing reinforced feeding with oil tea flower honey or oil tea flower honey powder to obtain a second generation of oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the immune oil tea flower poisoning;
s33, feeding bee colonies of the new bee queens with the second generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance in the step S31 with antidotes once in the fourth day, and performing reinforced feeding with camellia oleifera abel nectar or camellia oleifera abel nectar powder to obtain the new bee queens with the third generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance;
s34, feeding interval days are sequentially increased until new queen bees resisting oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning of the eighth generation or the ninth generation are obtained.
The rapid cultivation method for the camellia oleifera pollination bees in the short period is short in period, is rapid and efficient and only needs about two years, and is simple;
in addition, the pollinated new bee species is completely immune to poisoning caused by oil-extracting camellia and has stronger resistance to other viral poisoning; during the flowering period of the oil tea, the bee colony is active and does not rot the belly, the bees and the young bees. The current situation that the fruit setting rate of the camellia oleifera is low without bee pollination is solved, and contribution is made to the high yield of the camellia oleifera in China to a greater extent; and the high-quality camellia oleifera honey is produced by fully utilizing the camellia oleifera honey source, so that the economic benefit of the camellia oleifera forest is obtained to the maximum extent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical schemes and advantages of the invention more clearly understood, the method for rapidly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period is further described in detail in the following with reference to the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a short-period rapid breeding method of camellia oleifera pollination bees, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the breeding bee group and the collecting bee group in the camellia oleifera forest for cultivation respectively at the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera, wherein the bees of the breeding bee group and the collecting bee group can adopt Italian bee colonies, the Italian bee is short for Italian bees and is a variety of Western bees, and the bee colony is named Apis melifera Ligustricia Spinola and is originally produced in Italy subplantana.
S2, collecting camellia oleifera nectar powder by the collecting bee group after the young flowers of camellia oleifera are buckled in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera to obtain sufficient camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder; the breeding honeybee group recovers and recombines the surviving breeding honeybees after the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera is finished to form a new breeding honeybee colony; detain the young son of king absolutely for prior art means, the accessible: the method comprises the following steps of dividing a hive into two areas by using a partition plate, lifting honey powder spleens and a proper amount of empty spleens together with queen bee bees into one area of the hive to form a breeding area, then placing the rest egg spleens, pupa spleens and a proper amount of honey powder spleens and empty spleens into the other area of the hive and a super to form a honey collection area, separating the super and the hive by using a queen partition plate to allow worker bees to pass through but not allowing queen bees to pass through, and obtaining a collected bee group.
S3, feeding the collected camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder collected by the collected bee groups to recover the recombined bee colonies after the florescence is finished;
s4, in step S3, the bee breeding is fed for multiple generations to obtain the new bee queen bee for resisting the oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning.
In the method for quickly cultivating the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, the camellia oleifera forest is old camellia oleifera forest for more than 20 years, the bee colony cultivation site is very important for the old camellia oleifera forest, and pollen in camellia oleifera flowers of the old camellia oleifera forest has stronger drug property on honey than pollen of new camellia oleifera flowers, so that the cultivated breeding bees have stronger drug resistance. The area of the old oil tea forest is about 2000 mu, and the nearby natural water source is pollution-free; the breeding bee group and the collecting bee group are respectively arranged at the central position of the oil-tea camellia forest and have the back mountains facing south for blocking the north wind, and the hive entrance is arranged facing south to ensure that the hive can be irradiated by sunlight.
In the short-period rapid cultivation method for the camellia oleifera pollinated bees, a greenhouse is built in the center of the camellia oleifera forest, and when the temperature in the camellia oleifera forest is below 8 ℃ or continuous rainfall weather is encountered, the bee breeding group and the bee collecting group are placed in the greenhouse for cultivation in the steps S1 to S3, so that worker bees can be guaranteed to be discharged out of a box and excreted, and accordingly, the death of bellies is avoided. The greenhouse is ventilated at regular time, so that worker bees are prevented from flying to the roof and being stuck with water to die, the number of the worker bees in the cultivation process is ensured, and bee colonies are withdrawn and moved back to the original position after the weather is determined.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period, the whole process from the step S1 to the step S4 is controlled within two years. The cultivation method has short process period, and the method for continuously and continuously strengthening the antitoxic performance is simple; the cultivated bee variety for pollinating the camellia oleifera can completely immunize camellia oleifera flowers against poisoning, has stronger resistance to other diseases, actively takes place in the flower season of the camellia oleifera, and does not have the belly rotten, dead bees and dead bees; the method can not only carry out normal breeding in cold winter, but also pollinate and collect the oil tea flowers, and has immeasurable value and prospect for improving the oil tea yield and producing oil tea honey products with high quality and quality to a greater extent.
In the method for quickly breeding the camellia oleifera pollinated bees in the short period, in the step S2, the honey taking time interval of the collected bee groups is 3-6 days each time in the honey taking period, and is not more than 7 days, otherwise, the honey taking is difficult due to high viscosity of the camellia oleifera honey.
In the short-period rapid breeding method for the camellia oleifera pollinated bees, 40 cases of queen bee colonies are prepared, wherein 20 cases of bee groups are bred, and the other 20 cases of bee groups are collected for honey collection, and the respective identifications are clear. Before the flowering period of the oil tea, 20 boxes of bee groups are taken for breeding a new queen bee resisting the oil tea poisoning; the method comprises the following steps that 10 collected bee groups are placed in the center of an old tea-oil tree forest (the old tea-oil tree forest is a pure old tea-oil tree forest without new tea-oil trees) for special honey collection, when the number of the collected bee groups of 10 cases is reduced, another 10 collected groups are replaced midway and placed in the center of the old tea-oil tree forest for continuous honey collection, and the old tea-oil tree forest is withdrawn after the flowering phase is finished. The number of the breeding bee groups is kept not to be increased in the process from the step S1 to the step S4, and the number of the newly collected bee groups can be increased continuously in the process from the step S1 to the step S4 for collecting the camellia oleifera pollen. The breeding bee group is not changed all the way, and the collected bee group uses the camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder feeding period to strengthen the population.
In the above-mentioned method for rapidly breeding bees pollinated with camellia oleifera in a short period according to the present invention, in step S3, the method for feeding bee colonies with bee colonies for multiple generations to obtain a new bee queen for resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning by iterative breeding comprises the steps of:
s31, feeding and recovering recombined bee colonies with antidote once every two days, feeding with camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder, observing the bee colonies until a new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning is generated, and obtaining a first generation of new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning;
s32, feeding bee colonies of the oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the first generation of immune oil tea flower poisoning in the step S31 with antidotes once every three days, and performing reinforced feeding with oil tea flower honey or oil tea flower honey powder to obtain a second generation of oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the immune oil tea flower poisoning;
s33, feeding bee colonies of the new bee queens with the second generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance in the step S31 with antidotes once in the fourth day, and performing reinforced feeding with camellia oleifera abel nectar or camellia oleifera abel nectar powder to obtain the new bee queens with the third generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance;
s34, feeding interval days are sequentially increased until new queen bees resisting oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning of the eighth generation or the ninth generation are obtained. The eighth generation or the ninth generation is cultured for the time from the step S31 to the step S34. The antidote in the present invention may be a mixture of an acidic fruit juice and water, the acidic fruit juice: the weight ratio of water is 0-0.5: 100, and the acidic fruit juice is prepared by squeezing one or more of hawthorn, wild apricot, sea buckthorn, wild jujube and strawberry juice.
In the steps, the old queens are repeatedly and iteratively eliminated, new anti-virus queens are continuously and repeatedly cultivated by taking three months as one generation, the old anti-virus queens are eliminated, the latest generation of anti-virus queens is used for group expanding breeding before the oil tea flower blooms in the second year to prepare for entering the oil tea forest, all the processes (frequency reduction of feeding antidotes and time interval lengthening) in the first year are repeated in the second year until the anti-oil tea poisoning performance of the new anti-virus pollination queens is identified in the third oil tea flower season. All the processes can be two years or less, the latest antitoxic new queen bee is the eighth generation or the ninth generation, the new variety has excellent antitoxic performance, the camellia oleifera abel poisoning is completely immunized, the phenomena of rotten young bees and dead bees for dying the spleen are avoided, and pollination and honey collection are active.
The bee species of the anti-oil poisoning pollination bee bred by the invention can be normally bred in winter with frequent cold tide, and has small belly, dead bee and rotten young. The camellia oleifera poisoning is completely immunized, pollination and honey collection in the camellia oleifera flowering phase are active, the quality and the quantity of produced camellia oleifera honey are high, 40-50 kg of camellia oleifera honey can be produced in each box, and economic benefits and the like are obtained to the maximum extent. The fruit bearing harvest of the old camellia oleifera forest is increased by 220% compared with the harvest in the last year; the development of the oil tea industry is improved to the maximum extent, and the method makes outstanding contribution to the increase of both the yield and the income of the oil tea.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A short-period rapid breeding method for camellia oleifera pollinated bees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the breeding bee group and the collected bee group in the camellia oleifera forest for cultivation respectively in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera;
s2, collecting camellia oleifera nectar powder by the collecting bee group after the young flowers of camellia oleifera are buckled in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera to obtain sufficient camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder; the breeding honeybee group recovers and recombines the surviving breeding honeybees after the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera is finished to form a new breeding honeybee colony;
s3, feeding the collected camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder collected by the collected bee groups to recover the recombined bee colonies after the florescence is finished;
s4, in the step S3, the new bee queen bee for resisting the oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning is obtained by feeding the breeding bees for multiple generations and overlapping;
in step S3, the method for feeding bee colonies with multiple generations of the oil tea poisoning resistant new queen bee for obtaining immune oil tea flower poisoning includes the following steps:
s31, feeding and recovering recombined bee colonies with antidote once every two days, feeding with camellia oleifera nectar or camellia oleifera nectar powder, observing the bee colonies until a new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning is generated, and obtaining a first generation of new bee queen capable of resisting camellia oleifera abel poisoning;
s32, feeding bee colonies of the oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the first generation of immune oil tea flower poisoning in the step S31 with antidotes once every three days, and performing reinforced feeding with oil tea flower honey or oil tea flower honey powder to obtain a second generation of oil tea poisoning-resistant new queen bee with the immune oil tea flower poisoning;
s33, feeding bee colonies of the new bee queens with the second generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance in the step S31 with antidotes once every four days, and performing reinforced feeding with camellia oleifera abel nectar or camellia oleifera abel nectar powder to obtain the new bee queens with the third generation immune camellia oleifera abel poisoning and oil tea poisoning resistance;
s34, feeding interval days are sequentially increased until new queen bees resisting oil tea poisoning and immunizing the oil tea flower poisoning of the eighth generation or the ninth generation are obtained.
2. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oil tea forest is an old oil tea forest, the bee breeding group and the bee collecting group are respectively arranged at the central position of the oil tea forest and have the back mountains which can block the northern wind and face the south, and the hive entrance is arranged facing the south.
3. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the tea-oil tree forest is old tea-oil tree forest of more than 20 years, the area of the old tea-oil tree forest is 2000 mu, and nearby natural water sources are pollution-free.
4. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before the breeding bee group and the collection bee group are respectively placed in the camellia oleifera forest in the flowering phase of the camellia oleifera, complete larva breaking and mite controlling operation is carried out.
5. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the method also comprises the step of building a greenhouse in the center of the oil tea forest, and when the air temperature in the oil tea forest is below 8 ℃ or meets continuous rainfall weather, in the process from S1 to S3, the breeding bee group and the collected bee group are placed in the greenhouse for breeding.
6. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the whole process from the step S1 to the step S4 is controlled within the time of two years.
7. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the honey collecting time interval of the honey collecting group is 3-6 days each time during the honey collecting period.
8. The method for rapidly breeding camellia oleifera pollinated bees in a short period as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the breeding bee groups is kept not to be increased in the process from the step S1 to the step S4, and the number of the newly collected bee groups can be increased continuously in the process from the step S1 to the step S4 for collecting the camellia oleifera pollen.
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