CN111457077A - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111457077A
CN111457077A CN201911280277.3A CN201911280277A CN111457077A CN 111457077 A CN111457077 A CN 111457077A CN 201911280277 A CN201911280277 A CN 201911280277A CN 111457077 A CN111457077 A CN 111457077A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
motor
control unit
exchange medium
temperature
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Granted
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CN201911280277.3A
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English (en)
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CN111457077B (zh
Inventor
伊藤嘉启
北折健
福地正成
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of CN111457077B publication Critical patent/CN111457077B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

一种车辆，具备：齿轮机构，其连结于驱动轮；行驶用电动机，其与和所述齿轮机构共用的热交换介质进行热交换，经由所述齿轮机构向驱动轮输出动力；以及控制部，其在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度的情况下，将所述行驶用电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆。
背景技术
以往，公开了在兼具内燃机和电动发电机的混合动力车辆中，基于将内燃机及电动发电机的动力向车轮传递的变速器的热交换介质(润滑油)的温度来判定暖机需要与否的技术(例如，日本特开2015-85856号公报)。在专利文献1中，公开了在判定为需要暖机的情况下，通过电动发电机来驱动变速器而搅拌润滑油使其升温。
还公开了如下技术：即使在混合动力车辆的蓄电器无法将再生电力充电的状态下，通过进行以在非效率的动作点驱动变速器(motor generator；电动机发电机)的方式变更动作点的控制，也实现高的NV(Noise Vibration；噪声振动)性能(例如，日本特开2017-30672号公报)。
发明内容
然而，在以往的技术中，由搅拌引起的升温速度缓慢，存在到润滑油成为期望的温度为止需要长时间的可能性。
本发明的方案是考虑这样的情形而完成的，其目的之一在于提供能够在冷态时更快地使变速器的润滑油的温度上升的车辆。
本发明的车辆采用了以下的结构。
(1)：本发明的一方案的车辆具备：齿轮机构，其连结于驱动轮；行驶用电动机，其与和所述齿轮机构共用的热交换介质热交换，经由所述齿轮机构向驱动轮输出动力；以及控制部，其在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度的情况下，将所述行驶用电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
(2)：在上述(1)的方案中，所述车辆还具备蓄电池，该蓄电池能够从车外充电，将电力向所述行驶用电动机供给，所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度且所述蓄电池的充电量为规定量以上的情况下，将动作点向比所述最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
(3)：在上述(1)或(2)的方案中，所述车辆还具备内燃机，所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度且所述内燃机处于停止的情况下，将动作点向比所述最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
(4)：在上述(1)或(2)的方案中，所述车辆还具备：内燃机；以及第二电动机，其连接于所述内燃机，利用所述热交换介质进行热交换，所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度的情况下，将所述第二电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
(5)：在上述(1)或(2)的方案中，所述车辆还具备：内燃机；以及第二电动机，其连接于所述内燃机，利用所述热交换介质进行热交换，所述控制部在通过所述第二电动机使所述内燃机旋转的情况下，将所述第二电动机的动作点及所述行驶用电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
(6)：在上述(3)～(5)的任一方案中，所述内燃机与所述行驶用电动机相邻配置，所述控制部使所述内燃机的热交换介质和所述行驶用电动机的所述热交换介质热交换。
根据(1)～(6)的方案，能够在冷态时更快地使变速器的热交换介质的温度上升。
附图说明
图1是车辆的功能构成图。
图2是示出热交换介质的温度和粘度的关系例的图表。
图3是用于对升温点进行说明的图。
图4是示出由动力控制部进行升温点控制时的热交换介质的温度推移例的图表。
图5是示出由动力控制部进行的判定处理的流程的一例的流程图。
图6是示出由动力控制部进行的暖机控制处理的流程的一例的流程图。
图7是示出实施方式的车辆的内燃机及行驶用电动机的配置例的图。
图8是示出实施方式的车辆的内燃机及行驶用电动机的配置例的图。
图9是示出实施方式的车辆的内燃机及行驶用电动机的配置例的图。
图10是示出实施方式的车辆的内燃机及行驶用电动机的配置例的图。
图11是示出实施方式的车辆的内燃机及行驶用电动机的配置例的图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图，对本发明的车辆的实施方式进行说明。
[整体结构]
图1是车辆M的功能构成图。车辆M例如是二轮、三轮、四轮等的混合动力车辆。车辆M的驱动源是柴油发动机、汽油发动机等内燃机和电动机的组合。在具备电动机的情况下，电动机使用由连结于内燃机的电动机进行的发电电力或者二次电池、燃料电池的放电电力而进行动作。该车辆M可以是能够对蓄电池进行插入式充电的车辆。
如图1所示，车辆例如具备驱动源机构C、齿轮机构(齿轮箱)23、驱动轮25、VCU40、蓄电池60、蓄电池传感器62、动力控制部70以及车辆传感器78。
驱动源机构C是生成车辆M的行驶用动力的机构。驱动源机构C例如包含内燃机、行驶用电动机、发电用电动机、变速控制机构、AC-DC变换器等的一部分或全部。驱动源机构C的详情在后面叙述。
齿轮机构23连结于驱动轮25，将由驱动源机构C输出的行驶用动力以使来自驱动源机构C或蓄电池60的回转力(转矩)、转速配合行驶条件而增减或者逆转的方式向驱动轮25输出。驱动源机构C的一部分(行驶用电动机及发电用电动机)及齿轮机构23配置于由热交换介质(润滑油)充满的同一壳体内。
VCU40例如是DC-DC变换器。VCU40将从蓄电池60供给的电力升压而向驱动源机构C输出。
蓄电池60是储蓄由外部电源进行的插入式充电的电力或由驱动源机构C发出的电力的蓄电池。蓄电池60例如是锂离子电池等二次电池。蓄电池60向驱动源机构C供给电力。
蓄电池传感器62安装于蓄电池60，感应蓄电池60的充电量(例如SOC：State OfCharge(充电率)、SOH：States Of Health(劣化状态)、SOP：State Of Power(可充放电电力))的导出源信息。
动力控制部70进行与车辆M的行驶相关的动力控制。动力控制部70例如包含混合动力控制部71、发动机控制部72、马达控制部73、制动控制部74以及蓄电池控制部75。混合动力控制部71向发动机控制部72、马达控制部73、制动控制部74及蓄电池控制部75输出控制命令。对于由混合动力控制部71进行的指示，在后面叙述。
发动机控制部72根据来自混合动力控制部71的控制命令，而进行驱动源机构C的内燃机的点火控制、节气门开度控制、燃料喷射控制、燃料切断控制等。发动机控制部72也可以基于安装于曲轴的曲轴角传感器的输出，来算出发动机转速，向混合动力控制部71输出。
马达控制部73根据来自混合动力控制部71的指示，进行驱动源机构C的变换器及行驶用电动机及发电用电动机的开关控制。
马达控制部73取得行驶用电动机及发电用电动机各自的马达转速和转矩，还基于由后述的VCU40实现的升压电压，来从损失图中读出行驶用电动机及发电用电动机各自的消耗电力。所谓损失图，表示行驶用电动机及发电用电动机的铜损、铁损等的确定损失，定义行驶用电动机及发电用电动机的可输出范围。
进而，马达控制部73基于读出的行驶用电动机及发电用电动机的消耗电力和热交换介质的热阻值，来导出热交换介质的温度变化曲线的斜率，进而导出热交换介质的升温量。
马达控制部73基于上述的热交换介质的升温量、蓄电池60的SOC、驱动源机构C的内燃机的工作状态等，来决定是否进行暖机处理。所谓暖机处理，例如是非效率地(以发热的方式)控制驱动源机构C的行驶用电动机，或者非效率地控制发电用电动机。在非效率地控制发电用电动机的情况中，也可以包含通过发电用电动机使内燃机旋转的处理(废电处理)。发电用电动机是“第二电动机”的一例。
例如，马达控制部73在蓄电池60的SOC小于阈值的情况下决定为不进行暖机处理，但在蓄电池60的SOC为阈值以上的情况下决定为进行暖机处理。此时，在蓄电池60为充满电的情况下，决定为除了由行驶用电动机进行的暖机处理之外，还进行由发电用电动机进行的废电处理。蓄电池60的SOC为阈值以上是“蓄电池的充电量为规定量以上”的一例。
例如，车辆M在上坡上行驶中进行了这样的废电处理的情况下，也可以实现一边通过再生制动进行充电一边进行热交换介质的升温。
制动控制部74根据来自混合动力控制部71的控制命令，来控制未图示的制动装置。制动装置是将与驾驶员的制动操作相应的制动转矩向各车轮输出的装置。
蓄电池控制部75基于安装于蓄电池60的蓄电池传感器62的感应结果，来导出蓄电池60的电力量，向动力控制部70及混合动力控制部71输出。
车辆传感器78例如包含油门开度传感器、车速传感器、制动踩踏量传感器等。油门开度传感器例如安装于接受由驾驶员进行的加速指示的操作件即油门踏板。油门开度传感器检测油门踏板的操作量，作为油门开度而向动力控制部70输出。车速传感器例如具备安装于各车轮的车轮速度传感器和速度计算器，将由车轮速度传感器检测到的车轮速度统合而导出车辆的速度(车速)，向动力控制部70输出。制动踩踏量传感器安装于接受由驾驶员进行的减速或停止指示的操作件的一例即制动踏板，检测制动踏板的操作量，作为制动踩踏量而向动力控制部70输出。
对于由混合动力控制部71进行的控制进行说明。混合动力控制部71首先基于油门开度及车速来决定驱动轴要求输出。混合动力控制部71基于决定出的驱动轴要求输出和辅机的消耗电力、蓄电池60的电力量、从车辆传感器78取得的油门开度及车速等，来决定发动机10的工作需要与否及发动机10应该输出的发动机功率、由发电机实现的发电用电动机的发电量、行驶用电动机的输出量。
混合动力控制部71将决定出的信息向发动机控制部72及马达控制部73输出。在由驾驶员操作了制动的情况下，混合动力控制部71决定驱动源机构C所具备的行驶用电动机的再生所能够输出的制动转矩与制动装置应该输出的制动转矩的分配，向马达控制部73和制动控制部74输出。
在以下的说明中，有时将齿轮机构23、离合器(未图示)、驱动轴(未图示)等的将由驱动源机构C产生的动力向驱动轮25传递的装置总称而表示为“动力传动系”。
[热交换介质]
图2是示出热交换介质的温度和粘度的关系例的图表。作为热交换介质，适合使用用于齿轮的润滑、动力传递等的工作油即ATF(Automatic Transmission Fluid；自动变速箱油)。
如图2所示，热交换介质的粘度和温度是与反比例曲线类似的关系。即，热交换介质具有如下倾向：虽然在低温时粘度高，但是随着温度上升而逐渐粘度下降，若超过规定温度(以下，规定温度T2)则粘度的下降量显著变小。因此，动力控制部70在热交换介质的温度(例如，图中的当前温度T1)小于规定温度T2的情况下，以成为规定温度T2以上的方式，控制动力传动系、尤其是行驶用电动机、发电用电动机。在以下的说明中，有时将动力控制部70以热交换介质的温度成为规定温度T2以上的方式控制动力传动系的情况称作“暖机控制”。
热交换介质的温度(升温量)可以是实测值，也可以是基于其他装置的温度实测值的推定值。在是实测值的情况下，在保存齿轮机构23的壳体设置温度传感器等。
[升温点]
马达控制部73在热交换介质的温度小于规定温度T2的情况下，将行驶用电动机、发电用电动机的动作点向升温点变更。升温点是与马达所输出的动力相比，温度上升变大的目标电流值和目标电压值的组合，是比最大效率点靠强磁场侧的动作点。动力控制部70例如以使行驶用电动机、发电用电动机发热来提高热交换介质的温度为目的，而决定为向升温点变更动作点，增加在行驶用电动机、发电用电动机中流动的电流，或者使其升压。
图3是用于说明升温点的图。如图3所示，马达控制部73基于dq轴电流矢量空间中的行驶用电动机的电流、电压、最佳电流相位及等转矩曲线，来导出动作点。在图3中，在q轴(成为转矩的轴)、d轴(改变磁场的轴)上，能够通过电压界限及电流界限来定义能够动作的区域(包含动作点的区域)，进而在该区域内在等转矩曲线上实现最佳电流相位的点被设定为通常时的动作点。所谓最佳电流相位，表示在相同的电流下产生转矩成为最大的相位。
图3的动作点P1是在通常时设为目标的动作点。另一方面，动作点P2是在实施暖机控制时设为目标的动作点，是作为在能够动作的区域内等转矩曲线和最佳电流相位的交点的电流最小的动作点。由于动作点P2处的工作成为非效率的控制，所以行驶用电动机的发热量增加。动作点P2是“升温点”的一例。
马达控制部73例如作为暖机处理的一环而进行强磁场控制。所谓强磁场控制，是在成为相同转矩的动作点中，成为损失最大，且使行驶用电动机的d轴电流变大为正的值来担保损失失去量的控制。
动力控制部70例如在将行驶用电动机动力运行运转而对内燃机进行逆驱动时，VCU40将向行驶用电动机施加的V2电压升压，进行强磁场控制，从而在成为电流最大的动作点P2处驱动行驶用电动机。行驶用电动机的可运转范围通过VCU40将向行驶用电动机施加的V2电压升压而扩大。在进行了强磁场控制的行驶用电动机中，输出效率下降，而主要是由铜损引起的发热量增加。
在进行了在动作点P3(电流界限)处驱动的弱磁场控制的情况下，也同样地实现暖机，但由于会招致电动机内的磁铁的减磁，所以在本实施方式中进行赋予磁化的方向的磁场的动作点P2(电压界限)处的控制。
[热交换介质的温度]
图4是示出由动力控制部70进行升温点控制时的热交换介质的温度推移例的图表。在图4中，将暖机控制时的行驶用电动机内的磁铁及热交换介质的温度的推移以实线示出，将通常控制时的电动机内的磁铁及热交换介质的温度的推移以虚线示出。处于电动机内的绕线、电磁钢板也成为与磁铁同样的温度倾向(未图示)。
如图4所示，在进行了暖机控制的情况下，行驶用电动机的磁铁比进行了通常控制时的情况更快地温度上升。因此，热交换介质的温度也更快地温度上升，在时间t1成为超过规定温度T2的状态。因此，动力控制部70在时间t1的时间点(或此后)，判定为可以结束暖机处理。在动力控制部70周期性地预测热交换介质的到达温度而判定暖机处理的需要与否的情况下，即使是在时间t1的时间点之前，在预测热交换介质的温度、超过规定温度T2的时间(以下，到达预测时间)，其到达预测时间为规定时间(例如，到再次开始判定暖机处理的需要与否的处理为止的时间)以内的情况下，也可以在该时间点结束暖机处理。
马达控制部73基于到达预测时间、规定温度T2和当前的热交换介质的温度差、上述的热交换介质的升温量，来决定暖机处理的需要与否、暖机处理的实施时间。
另一方面，在通常控制时磁铁及热交换介质的温度上升示出缓慢的倾向。因此，热交换介质的温度在时间t2超过规定温度T2。
如图2所示，低温时的热交换介质是高粘度，所以推定为驱动源机构C中的行驶能量损失以相当的比例发生。另一方面，在进行暖机控制的情况下，由于热交换介质的粘度在时间t1的时间点充分变低，所以可以说驱动源机构C中的行驶能量损失被减轻。
[处理流程]
图5是示出由动力控制部70进行的判定处理的流程的一例的流程图。图5所示的流程图例如可以每隔规定的一定时间而反复实施。
首先，动力控制部70取得行驶用电动机、发电用电动机的转速及转矩(步骤S100)。接着，动力控制部70取得基于VCU40的V2电压(步骤S102)。接着，动力控制部70导出驱动源机构C(尤其是，行驶用电动机、发电用电动机)的消耗电力量(步骤S104)。
接着，动力控制部70导出热交换介质的升温量(或为了推定该升温量而使用的其他装置的温度·升温量)(步骤S106)，取得热交换介质的温度(步骤S108)。接着，动力控制部70判定热交换介质的温度是否小于规定温度T2(步骤S110)。在为规定温度T2以上的情况下，结束本流程图的处理。在小于规定温度T2的情况下，动力控制部70导出预测为热交换介质的温度会到达规定温度T2的到达预测时间(步骤S112)。
接着，动力控制部70判定到达预测时间是否为规定时间以上(步骤S114)。在判定为是规定时间以上的情况下，动力控制部70进行暖机处理(步骤S116)。在没有判定为是规定时间以上的情况下，结束本流程图的处理的说明。
图6是示出由动力控制部70进行的暖机控制处理的流程的一例的流程图。
首先，动力控制部70判定蓄电池60的SOC是否小于阈值(步骤S200)。在小于阈值的情况下，结束处理。在为阈值以上的情况下，动力控制部70判定驱动源机构C的内燃机是否处于停止(步骤S202)。步骤S202也可以是判定驱动源机构C中是否未包含内燃机。在内燃机没有停止的情况下，结束处理。在内燃机处于停止的情况下，动力控制部70进行升温点变更(步骤S204)。在步骤S204中，包含动力控制部70决定是通过行驶用电动机来仅进行暖机处理，还是一并进行由发电用电动机实现的废电处理。
接着，马达控制部73导出消耗电力增加量(步骤S206)。在步骤S206中，马达控制部73也可以还导出热交换介质的升温量。接着，动力控制部70取得热交换介质的温度(步骤S208)。以上，结束本流程图的处理的说明。
[驱动源机构]
图7～图11是用于说明车辆M的驱动源机构C的种类的图。车辆M的驱动源机构C例如以驱动源机构C1～C5那样的形态来实现。图7～图11的图中的粗实线表示机械连结，虚线表示电力配线。
实施方式的驱动源机构C可以是串联方式，也可以是并联方式，还可以是混联方式。
所谓并联方式，是发动机10和驱动轮25机械性连结，由发动机10或第一马达12发电产生的电力中的任一方被向行驶用的电动机供给的方式。图7示意性地示出并联方式的驱动源机构。
另一方面，所谓串联方式，是发动机10和驱动轮25没有机械性连结，而发动机的动力被使用于电动机的发电，由电动机发电产生的电力被向行驶用的电动机供给的方式。图9～图11示意性地示出串行方式的驱动源机构。
所谓混联方式，是兼具上述的串联方式和并联方式的特征的方式，有时称作串行并联方式。在混联方式中，能够仅以第二马达18的动力使车辆M行驶，或者将发动机10和第二马达18的动力合起来而行驶，还能够一边对蓄电池60进行充电一边行驶。图8示意性地示出混联方式的驱动源机构。
图7所示的驱动源机构C1例如具备发动机10、第一马达12、第二马达18以及离合器CL。
发动机10是通过使汽油等燃料燃烧而输出动力的内燃机。发动机10例如是具备气缸和活塞、进气门、排气门、燃料喷射装置、火花塞、连杆、曲轴等的往复式发动机。发动机10例如是4循环发动机，但也可以使用其他的循环方式。发动机10可以使用柴油发动机、燃气涡轮发动机、转子式发动机、外燃机等，只要是能够产生动力使用何种机构均可。
第一马达12例如是三相交流电动机。第一马达12主要使用于发电。第一马达12的转子连结于发动机10的输出轴(例如曲轴)，使用由发动机10输出的动力来发电。在以下的说明中，有时将发动机10和第一马达12合起来称作“发电部”。
第二马达18是使驱动轮25旋转的行驶用电动机。第二马达18例如是三相交流电动机。第二马达18进行车辆的驱动与再生。第二马达18的转子连结于驱动轮25。第二马达18使用从发电部或蓄电池60供给的电力而将动力向驱动轮25输出。第二马达18在车辆的减速时使用车辆的动能来发电。以下，有时将由第二马达18进行的发电动作称作再生。
离合器CL将向驱动轮25的动力传递断开或接合。离合器CL以在利用由第二马达18输出的动力进行行驶的情况下断开(动力切断)、在利用由发动机10输出的动力进行行驶的情况下接合的方式，由动力控制部70控制。
图8所示的驱动源机构C2例如具备发动机10、第一马达12、第二马达18以及行星齿轮机构24。
行星齿轮机构24进行动力分配。行星齿轮机构24是与齿轮机构23不同的齿轮机构，例如以实现与车辆M的起步时、低中速行驶时、定速行驶时(通常行驶时)、急加速时、减速·制动时、充电时等各自的行驶模式适合的动力分配的方式，由动力控制部70控制，由此实现与行驶模式相应的动力分配。驱动源机构C2能够将发动机10所生成的剩余动力实时地向蓄电池60充电。
驱动源机构C2在车辆M的起步时、低中速行驶时在由蓄电池60进行了电力供给的第二马达18中生成动力。此时，行星齿轮机构24通过以在定速行驶时使由发动机10生成的动力成为效率最大的方式进行分配，从而直接驱动驱动轮25，或者驱动第二马达18。驱动源机构C1也可以通过使发动机10起动来通过第一马达12发电，进行蓄电池60的充电。
图9所示的驱动源机构C3例如具备发动机10、第一马达12以及第二马达18。驱动源机构C3主要在行驶时通过由发动机10生成的动力来行驶，由第一马达12发电产生的动力被辅助性地使用。驱动源机构C3与仅利用发动机10使车辆M行驶相比行驶距离延长，所以有时被称作增程器。
图10所示的驱动源机构C4例如具备发动机10、兼具第一马达12及第二马达18的功能的电动机·发电机、以及离合器CL。
在与驱动源机构C4连接的情况下，齿轮机构23也可以在本装置内具有离合器。驱动源机构C4能够通过断开离合器CL而仅以由电动机·发电机发电产生的电力为动力，也能够将离合器CL接合来将由电动机·发电机发电产生的电力及由发动机10实现的动力合起来使用于行驶。
图11所示的驱动源机构C5例如具备发动机10和兼具第一马达12及第二马达18的功能的电动机·发电机。与图10的驱动源机构C4进行比较，驱动源机构C5不具有离合器CL，所以由电动机·发电机实现的发电为了发动机10的动力的辅助(例如，车辆M的加速时辅助)而使用。
在驱动源机构C中保存发动机10的壳体和保存第二马达18的壳体也可以相邻配置。由此，第二马达18的热交换介质能够与保存有发动机10的壳体的发动机油(或冷却水)热交换，与各自的壳体配置于分离的位置的情况相比，能够缩短暖机处理所需要的时间。
在保存发动机10的壳体和保存第二马达18的壳体相邻配置的情况下，在利用由发动机10输出的动力进行行驶前会从热交换介质向发动机油进行热交换，可期待排放的改善、发动机10的燃料经济性的改善。
在上述的图7～图11中，例示了具有第一马达12的驱动源机构C，但也可以是车辆M的驱动源机构C不具有第一马达12(搭载有第二马达18和蓄电池60)的电动车辆。
根据以上说明的实施方式，具备：连结于驱动轮25的齿轮机构23；第二马达18，其是与和齿轮机构23共用的热交换介质热交换、经由齿轮机构23而向驱动轮25输出动力的行驶用电动机；以及动力控制部70，其在热交换介质的温度小于规定温度T2的情况下，将第二马达18的动作点向升温点变更，由此能够在冷态时更快地使热交换介质的温度上升。
以上使用实施方式说明了用于实施本发明的方式，但本发明完全不被这样的实施方式限定，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够施加各种变形及替换。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆，其中，具备：
齿轮机构，其连结于驱动轮；
行驶用电动机，其与和所述齿轮机构共用的热交换介质热交换，经由所述齿轮机构向驱动轮输出动力；以及
控制部，其在热交换介质的温度小于规定温度的情况下，将所述行驶用电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆还具备蓄电池，该蓄电池能够从车外充电，将电力向所述行驶用电动机供给，
所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度且所述蓄电池的充电量为规定量以上的情况下，将动作点向比所述最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆还具备内燃机，
所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度且所述内燃机处于停止的情况下，将动作点向比所述最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆还具备：
内燃机；以及
第二电动机，其连接于所述内燃机，利用所述热交换介质进行热交换，
所述控制部在所述热交换介质的温度小于规定温度的情况下，将所述第二电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆还具备：
内燃机；以及
第二电动机，其连接于所述内燃机，利用所述热交换介质进行热交换，
所述控制部在通过所述第二电动机使所述内燃机旋转的情况下，将所述第二电动机的动作点及所述行驶用电动机的动作点向比最大效率点靠强磁场侧变更。
6.根据权利要求3～5中任一项所述的车辆，其中，
所述内燃机与所述行驶用电动机相邻配置，
所述控制部使所述内燃机的热交换介质和所述行驶用电动机的所述热交换介质热交换。
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