CN111454093A - Special stable organic and inorganic fertilizer for rice prepared from biogas residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special stable organic and inorganic fertilizer for rice prepared from biogas residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]P(=O)=O.[O-]P(=O)=O ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006753 Platycodon grandiflorum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003582 Platycodon grandiflorus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a special fertilizer for stable organic and inorganic rice prepared from biogas residues, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 48-61% of biogas residue, 30-40% of inorganic fertilizer, 3-4% of gypsum powder, 2-3% of carbon-based material and 4-6% of high-stability adhesive. The invention also provides a preparation method of the special rice fertilizer. The stable organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer has high stability under the soaking condition, is scientific in proportion, meets the nutrient requirement of rice, and has the remarkable effects of environmental friendliness and improvement of soil quality. The preparation method of the special rice fertilizer does not need the fermentation and decomposition steps, and has simple preparation process and lower production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stable organic and inorganic rice special fertilizer prepared from biogas residues and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer production.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process of China, the yield of household garbage is huge; meanwhile, as a big agricultural country, the agricultural biomass yield of China is huge, and a large amount of livestock and poultry breeding excrement and crop straws are produced every year. If the domestic garbage and the agricultural wastes cannot be reasonably utilized, the environmental pollution is inevitably caused. Therefore, the biogas engineering is an effective way to convert biomass resources such as domestic garbage and agricultural wastes into clean energy. However, when the biogas engineering consumes organic wastes and produces clean energy, a large amount of anaerobic digestion residues, namely biogas residues, can be generated. The biogas residues can not be reasonably treated, not only is the resources wasted, but also the secondary pollution is caused to the environment, the biogas residues have the advantages of rich nutrient components, comprehensive nutrients and the like, and the biogas residues are used for preparing organic fertilizers, so that the economic and environmental benefits are remarkable.
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, has wide distribution, large area and high yield, makes important contribution to the national grain safety guarantee, but with the rapid increase of the global population, the improvement of the rice yield also becomes an urgent problem. Wherein the fertilizer plays an important role in improving the yield of rice. At present, the habit of using chemical fertilizer is continued in rice fertilization, compared with the dry field soil, the chemical fertilizer has the characteristic that the chemical fertilizer is dissolved immediately after being used in a paddy field, so that the unification of the fertilizer requirement and the environmental fertilizer supply of crops in rice cultivation is difficult to control, especially the application of base fertilizer, the fertilizer is dissolved into the paddy field after being soaked in water, and at the moment, seedlings need less fertilizer, a large amount of nutrient elements are directly in an invalid state, or even the yield is influenced by the luxury absorption of the seedlings. Therefore, the stable or steady fertilizer is applied in the paddy field, the nutrient release of the fertilizer is delayed, the nutrient concentration of the paddy field reaches the maximum value in the period of vigorous fertilizer requirement of the paddy, and the fertilizer supply and growth of the paddy can be obviously improved. The current coated controlled-release fertilizer can achieve the effect of controlling the release of nutrients, but the effect is not ideal under the condition of paddy fields (the coated materials are decomposed consistently, the nutrient content of the fertilizer core is higher, and the nutrient concentration of the farmland can be mutated once being released), the manufacturing cost of the controlled-release fertilizer is higher, the controlled-release fertilizer is only limited to the controlled release of nitrogen, and the current controlled-release fertilizer is difficult to popularize widely in large areas in rice cultivation.
The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer integrates the advantages of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, and the available nutrients derived from the inorganic fertilizers in the fertilizer are regulated by the organic fertilizers, so that the fertilizer has the characteristic of fast and non-violent plant feeding, and the influence of the application of the fertilizer on the environment can be reduced. For example, chinese patent document CN103910567A discloses a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for rice, which contains the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: 6 to 9 percent of nitrogen; 4-6% of phosphorus pentoxide; 6-8% of potassium oxide; 0.2 to 0.6 percent of zinc; 0.2 to 0.6 percent of silicon; the nitrogen is derived from organic nitrogen fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, and the organic nitrogen fertilizer comprises compost fermented organic fertilizer and humic acid. However, the fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer and has potential excessive harm of zinc element. Chinese patent document CN106007954A provides a special organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: decomposing organic fertilizer: 20-45 parts of a solvent; nitrogenous fertilizer: 15-25 parts; phosphate fertilizer: 10-18 parts; and (3) potassium fertilizer: 26-40 parts; amino acids: 1-5 parts; inorganic mineral filler: 4-12 parts; adhesive: 0.1-2.5 parts; the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: chicken manure: 8-20 parts; cow dung: 15-25 parts; pig manure: 3-10 parts; balloon flower: 17-26 parts; biogas residue: 8-16 parts; humic acid: 1-6 parts. The fertilizer belongs to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the nitrogen content in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is low, the fertilizer does not meet the requirement of rice on nutrient absorption, the biochemical potential of the decomposed organic fertilizer is low, the improvement of physical properties of soil is not facilitated, and the production mode of the fertilizer cannot meet the requirement of keeping certain stability under the water immersion condition. The prior preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has the following problems: either the equipment investment is expensive, the fermentation and composting process is complicated, or the additional cost of the product is too high, so that the price of the produced organic fertilizer exceeds the bearing capacity of farmers, or the stability of the obtained organic and inorganic fertilizer under the water immersion condition is poor.
Therefore, the development of the stable organic-inorganic compound fertilizer which is low in cost, balanced in nutrient proportion, simple in preparation process and good in stability under the paddy field condition has important significance for improving the fertilization technology of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stable organic and inorganic rice special fertilizer prepared from biogas residues and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes the unfermented biogas residues as the main raw material, combines the fertilizer requirements of the rice, and develops the stable organic-inorganic special fertilizer for the rice, the special fertilizer for the rice has good stability under the condition of a paddy field, the yield of the rice can be improved, the resource utilization of the biogas residues can be promoted, and the physicochemical properties of the paddy field can be improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a stable organic and inorganic fertilizer special for rice prepared from biogas residues comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
48-61% of biogas residue, 30-40% of inorganic fertilizer, 3-4% of gypsum powder, 2-3% of carbon-based material and 4-6% of high-stability adhesive.
According to the invention, preferably, the water content of the biogas residues is less than or equal to 8 percent, the cellulose content of the biogas residues is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the biogas residues are dried at the high temperature of 350 ℃ under 200-.
According to the invention, the biogas residue is obtained by anaerobic fermentation and solid-liquid separation of livestock and poultry excrement or straw raw materials, and the preparation process is the prior art;
preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is one or the combination of more than two of cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure; the straw is one or the combination of more than two of corn straw, vegetable straw, wheat straw and rice straw.
According to the invention, preferably, the inorganic fertilizer is obtained by crushing 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, or by respectively weighing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 and uniformly mixing, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is counted as nitrogen, and the phosphate fertilizer is counted as P2O5Measured as K for potash fertilizer2Measuring O;
further preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, calcium metaphosphate or calcium hydrophosphate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate;
according to the invention, when the saline-alkali soil exists, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
According to the invention, preferably, the gypsum powder is chemical gypsum powder or gypsum powder and is a common commercial product.
According to the invention, preferably, the carbon-based material is biomass carbon or brown coal powder; the addition of the carbon-based material is not only beneficial to grinding of raw materials and deepening of the color of fertilizer particles, but also beneficial to the increase of stable organic carbon.
According to the invention, preferably, the high-stability binder is prepared by mixing portland cement and quicklime according to a mass ratio of 4:1, mixing uniformly and crushing to obtain the product.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the stable organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer and a high-stability adhesive to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing gypsum powder and a carbon-based material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B; uniformly mixing the obtained mixture B with the mixture A prepared in the step (1), adding into the biogas residue, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) crushing and sieving the mixture C obtained in the step (2), and performing atomization and humidification treatment to obtain a mixture; and (3) carrying out extrusion forming and maintenance on the mixture to obtain the stable organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the size of the mesh of the sieve in the step (3) is 2 mm.
According to the invention, the water content of the mixture in the step (3) is preferably 15-20 wt%.
According to the invention, the extrusion forming in the step (3) is preferably to form the mixture into columnar granules with the diameter of 5-7mm and the height of 5-6 mm.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the curing step in the step (3) is: transferring the extruded particles into a closed curing room for curing, wherein the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the curing time is 2-3 days.
The invention has the following technical characteristics and beneficial effects:
1. the stable organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer is prepared from the main raw material of biogas residues, does not undergo a fermentation and decomposition step, and retains more cellulose materials, thereby being beneficial to nutrient storage and preservation and also beneficial to the improvement of soil physical properties and soil microbial community; and the biogas residues are used as the main raw material, so that the resource utilization of the waste biomass of agriculture and forestry can be promoted
2. The special fertilizer for rice can keep higher stability under the condition of soaking, and the mixture of gypsum powder, inorganic fertilizer, carbon-based material and biogas residue absorbs water under the excitation of the mixture of portland cement and quicklime to be rapidly solidified, so that the fertilizer has better stability, is kept relatively dry during granulation, and becomes a product with higher stability after atomization and maintenance. The product is still kept in the original shape within 30 days under the condition of soaking in water, and the release rate of exogenous chemical nutrients within 40 days is not more than 60%.
3. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the organic and inorganic special fertilizer for rice is 15-25%, the nutrient content of the chemical fertilizer added in the fertilizer is 10-20%, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is scientific, so that the special fertilizer for rice is suitable for the nutrient requirement of rice.
4. The organic and inorganic special fertilizer for rice is applied to rice planting, has obvious yield increasing effect, has the obvious effects of environmental friendliness, soil quality improvement, agricultural non-point source pollution alleviation and the like, and has wide industrialization prospect.
5. The organic and inorganic rice special fertilizer has the advantages of low production cost, simple preparation process, no fermentation and decomposition process, and effective reduction of fertilizer preparation period and working procedures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the release of pure water as a nutrient for a stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer prepared in example 1 of Experimental example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description, but is not limited thereto.
Meanwhile, the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials and equipment are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The biogas residues used in the examples are obtained from Zhejiang-scene-animal husbandry Limited company, are obtained by anaerobic digestion of cow dung in a dairy farm and drying the biogas residues at 300 ℃, and have the water content of 6.55 percent and the cellulose content of 70.23 percent.
Example 1
A stable organic and inorganic fertilizer special for rice prepared from biogas residues comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
55% of biogas residue, 35% of inorganic fertilizer, 3.5% of gypsum powder, 2.5% of carbon-based material and 4% of high-stability adhesive;
the used inorganic fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with 45% of 'Sakefu' brand (the content is marked by 15-15-15), and is obtained by crushing the compound fertilizer by using a Yuanbang 2500 large-scale crusher;
the used gypsum powder is gypsum powder which is a commercial product and is 40 meshes;
the carbon-based material is biochar, biogas residue is used as a raw material, and the biochar is obtained by firing for 2.5 hours at 700 ℃;
the high-stability adhesive is prepared by mixing silicate cement (strength grade 62.5) and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and crushing to obtain the product.
The preparation method of the stable-state organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer and a high-stability adhesive to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing gypsum powder and a carbon-based material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B; uniformly mixing the obtained mixture B with the mixture A prepared in the step (1), adding into the biogas residue, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) grinding and crushing the mixture C obtained in the step (2), filtering the crushed powder by a vibrating screen, wherein the aperture of a screen mesh is 2mm, after sieving, transferring the obtained mixture into an atomizing humidifier (the mechanical brand is 'Yinjie') to carry out atomizing and humidifying treatment to obtain a mixture with the water content of 18%, carrying out extrusion forming on the mixture to obtain columnar particles (the mechanical brand is 'Minlun' brand feed granulation machine) with the diameter of 5-7mm and the height of 5-6 mm; transferring the columnar particles into a closed curing room for curing, wherein the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the curing time is 2 days.
Example 2
A stable organic and inorganic fertilizer special for rice prepared from biogas residues comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
60% of biogas residue, 30% of inorganic fertilizer, 3% of gypsum powder, 2% of carbon-based material and 5% of high-stability adhesive;
the inorganic fertilizer is prepared by respectively weighing a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 and uniformly mixing, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is counted as nitrogen, and the phosphate fertilizer is counted as P2O5Measured as K for potash fertilizer2Measuring O; the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the gypsum powder is gypsum powder;
the carbon-based material is biomass carbon prepared from wood chips;
the high-stability adhesive is prepared by mixing silicate cement (strength grade 62.5) and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and crushing to obtain the product.
The preparation method of the stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer is described in example 1.
Example 3
A stable organic and inorganic fertilizer special for rice prepared from biogas residues comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
50% of biogas residues, 38% of inorganic fertilizer, 3.5% of gypsum powder, 3% of carbon-based material and 5.5% of high-stability adhesive;
the inorganic fertilizer is prepared by respectively weighing a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 and uniformly mixing, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is counted as nitrogen, and the phosphate fertilizer is counted as P2O5Measured as K for potash fertilizer2Measuring O; the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride;
the gypsum powder is gypsum powder;
the carbon-based material is biochar, biogas residue is used as a raw material, and the biochar is obtained by firing for 2.5 hours at 700 ℃;
the high-stability adhesive is prepared by mixing silicate cement (strength grade 62.5) and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and crushing to obtain the product.
The preparation method of the stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer is described in example 1.
Example 4
A fertilizer special for stable organic and inorganic rice prepared from biogas residues as described in example 2, except that the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer is described in example 1.
Example 5
A fertilizer prepared from biogas residue and used for stable organic and inorganic paddy rice is as described in example 1, except that the carbon-based material is pulverized lignite.
The preparation method of the stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer is described in example 1.
Comparative example 1
An organic-inorganic rice fertilizer prepared from biogas residues is as described in example 1, except that the mass ratio of portland cement to quicklime in the high-stability binder is 2: 1.
Comparative example 2
An organic-inorganic rice fertilizer prepared from biogas residues is as described in example 1, except that the mass ratio of portland cement to quicklime in the high-stability binder is 3: 1.
Comparative example 3
An organic-inorganic rice fertilizer prepared from biogas residues is as described in example 1, except that the mass ratio of portland cement to quicklime in the high-stability binder is 5: 1.
Test example 1 indexes of main properties of products of examples
The quality of the product obtained in each embodiment is simply evaluated by establishing a product character representation index system. The main results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Main trait index of the product
| Colour(s) | Traits | Smell(s) | Compressive strength | Density of | Water content ratio | Nitrogen content | Phosphorus content | Potassium content | Organic matter content | |
| Example 1 | Dark black color | Columnar shape | Without bad smell | 99.5N | 1.63kg/L | 8.65％ | 6.84％ | 5.75％ | 7.28％ | 39.42％ |
| Example 2 | Dark black color | Columnar shape | Without bad smell | 112.5N | 1.82kg/L | 9.23％ | 6.28％ | 4.28％ | 6.78％ | 44.47％ |
| Example 3 | Dark black color | Columnar shape | Without bad smell | 127.3N | 1.89kg/L | 9.15％ | 7.03％ | 6.02％ | 7.35％ | 40.40％ |
| Example 4 | Dark black color | Columnar shape | Without bad smell | 98.3N | 1.61kg/L | 8.72％ | 6.81％ | 5.73％ | 6.78％ | 38.87％ |
| Example 5 | Dark black color | Columnar shape | Without bad smell | 103.5N | 1.83kg/L | 8.75％ | 6.72％ | 5.81％ | 7.33％ | 41.23％ |
Note: the compressive strength is expressed by the average crushing resistance of the particles, and the determination method adopts GB/T10516-2012; the other indexes are determined by adopting a conventional analysis method.
Test example 2 test of nutrient stability and purified water release effect of fertilizer product
The product obtained in example 1 was wrapped in a nylon mesh bag and placed in a volumetric flask by a clean water release test, and the nutrient release was measured by pouring out the immersion water on different days, wherein the clean water release profile of the nutrients of the fertilizer product is shown in fig. 1, and the corresponding measured values are shown in table 2. As can be seen from fig. 1 and table 2, the product obtained in example 1 has a very good effect of controlling the release of nutrients.
TABLE 2 cumulative release rate of nutrients (NPK purified water)
| Time/day | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 85 | 95 | 115 | 135 | 155 |
| Nitrogen/% | 14.1 | 29.1 | 38.9 | 44.8 | 49.7 | 57.1 | 62.2 | 67.4 | 70.8 | 76.2 | 79.5 | 82.7 | 83.2 | 83.2 |
| Potassium content/%) | 8.5 | 14.5 | 20.1 | 26.5 | 31.0 | 37.5 | 44.9 | 52.1 | 57.0 | 63.5 | 68.9 | 72.3 | 74.2 | 74.9 |
| Phosphorus content% | 3.0 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 18.7 | 24.9 | 32.3 | 37.2 | 44.7 | 53.1 | 58.3 | 63.1 | 68.2 | 69.2 | 69.8 |
The product obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 and the common organic fertilizer particles sold in the market are tested for soaking stability by adopting a water purification soaking method, and the method comprises the following specific steps: the products obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 and commercially available common organic fertilizer particles are respectively soaked in a pure water suspension mesh bag, the mesh bag is placed in the middle of a water body, the shape retention time of the sample is observed, the turbidity of the water body is observed, the time is recorded, and the soaking stability of the products is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Water immersion stability of fertilizer granules
As can be seen from Table 3, the product prepared by the invention has better stability compared with the common organic fertilizer particles sold in the market; from example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the binding property of the binder is gradually enhanced with the increase of the ratio of portland cement to quicklime, the stability of the obtained fertilizer is enhanced, when the ratio of portland cement to quicklime is 4:1, the property of the binder is significantly enhanced, the stability of the obtained fertilizer is significantly enhanced, after that, although the stability effect of the obtained fertilizer is better, the ratio of portland cement to quicklime is too large, the curing effect is too strong, the release of nutrients is slow or not, and there is a risk of causing the shortage of fertilizer for rice.
Test example 4 Fertilizer field test for rice
Test site: zhejiang Shaoxing city, Zhejiang province, ecological animal husbandry limited company plantation base; the rice variety is Longyou 1212.
And (3) experimental setting: local conventional fertilization and application of the stable-state organic-inorganic special fertilizer for rice of example 1 for 2 treatments,
treatment 1 is a conventional fertilization treatment: applying 500kg of organic fertilizer and 50kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer to each mu of base;
treatment 2 is a treatment of applying the stable state organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer of example 1: 500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of base, and 50kg of the special stable organic-inorganic fertilizer for rice in example 1 is applied to each mu of base;
during top dressing, the varieties and the use amount of the fertilizers used in the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 are kept consistent.
After the completion of the test, the rice yields of both were analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on Rice yield
As can be seen from Table 4, the fertilizer special for stable organic-inorganic rice in example 1 is only used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer application, the total nutrient content is reduced by 55.8% of chemical fertilizer input, but the yield is increased by 11.00%, so the application effect is remarkable, and the ecological benefit is in a good period.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer special for the stable organic and inorganic rice prepared from the biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
48-61% of biogas residue, 30-40% of inorganic fertilizer, 3-4% of gypsum powder, 2-3% of carbon-based material and 4-6% of high-stability adhesive.
2. The stable organic and inorganic fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the biogas residue is less than or equal to 8%, the cellulose content of the biogas residue is greater than or equal to 65%, and the biogas residue is dried at the high temperature of 200 ℃ and 350 ℃.
3. The stable organic-inorganic rice fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is obtained by crushing 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, or by weighing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and mixing uniformly, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated as nitrogen, and the phosphate fertilizer is calculated as P2O5Measured as K for potash fertilizer2Measuring O; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, calcium metaphosphate or calcium hydrophosphate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
4. The fertilizer special for stable organic-inorganic rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gypsum powder is chemical gypsum powder or gypsum powder; the carbon-based material is biomass carbon or brown coal powder.
5. The fertilizer special for stable organic and inorganic rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-stability binder is prepared from portland cement and quicklime according to a mass ratio of 4:1, mixing uniformly and crushing to obtain the product.
6. The method for preparing a fertilizer special for stable organic-inorganic rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer and a high-stability adhesive to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing gypsum powder and a carbon-based material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B; uniformly mixing the obtained mixture B with the mixture A prepared in the step (1), adding into the biogas residue, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) crushing and sieving the mixture C obtained in the step (2), and performing atomization and humidification treatment to obtain a mixture; and (3) carrying out extrusion forming and maintenance on the mixture to obtain the stable organic-inorganic rice special fertilizer.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the size of the mesh of the screen in step (3) is 2 mm.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the water content of the mix in the step (3) is 15 to 20 wt%.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the extrusion molding in the step (3) is to form the mixture into cylindrical granules with a diameter of 5-7mm and a height of 5-6 mm.
10. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the curing step in the step (3) is: transferring the extruded particles into a closed curing room for curing, wherein the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the curing time is 2-3 days.
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