CN111436361A - Cultivation management method for crab pool aquatic weeds - Google Patents
Cultivation management method for crab pool aquatic weeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436361A CN111436361A CN202010380769.6A CN202010380769A CN111436361A CN 111436361 A CN111436361 A CN 111436361A CN 202010380769 A CN202010380769 A CN 202010380769A CN 111436361 A CN111436361 A CN 111436361A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation management method of crab pool aquatic weeds, which reasonably optimizes the cultivation management and maintenance method of crab pool aquatic weeds, can reduce the times of water level adjustment and the times of topdressing and water quality modifier addition by comprehensively regulating and controlling a fertilizer formula, a putting mode and water quality management, can well balance the aquatic weed fertilizer supply demand and water quality, is beneficial to the growth and development of river crabs, can effectively improve the yield of river crabs, and has the advantages of saving labor cost, being convenient to operate and improving economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river crab culture, in particular to a cultivation and management method of aquatic weeds in a crab pool.
Background
The waterweed is not only a place where the river crabs inhabit and avoid molting, but also a bait which is loved by the river crabs, is rich in nutrition, is rich in protein, crude fiber, vitamin and mineral substances, has good palatability and quick digestion and absorption, and can play a role in saving concentrated feed, reducing feeding cost and promoting the growth of the river crabs. Moreover, the aquatic weeds can purify water quality, increase dissolved oxygen in water through photosynthesis and provide a better environment for the growth of the river crabs. However, the growth state of the waterweeds is affected by various factors such as water temperature, water quality and fertility, and growth stagnation and even decay are easy to occur, so that operations such as multiple topdressing, multiple water quality regulator application and the like are often required in the river crab culture process, the operation difficulty and labor cost are increased, and the normal growth of the river crabs is interfered. Therefore, the method for planting, managing and maintaining the aquatic weeds is reasonably optimized, and has very important significance for river crab culture.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a cultivation and management method of crab pool aquatic weeds.
The invention provides a cultivation and management method of crab pool aquatic weeds, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: applying 150-200kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for pond cleaning and disinfection in 12-1 month, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: the first fertilization is carried out in 2-3 months, and the fertilizer A200-300 kg is applied to each mu;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: cutting and planting the waterweeds into sections and 15-20kg per mu after fertilizing for 5-10 days for the first time;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: measuring the water transparency in 4-5 months, applying 300kg of fertilizer A and 500kg of fertilizer B for each mu when the water transparency is more than 45cm, applying 100-300kg of fertilizer B and 2-3kg of water quality improver for each mu when the water transparency is 35-45cm, applying 20-50kg of fertilizer B and 5-10kg of water quality improver for each mu when the water transparency is less than 35 cm;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into segments and transplanting 5-10kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 5-10 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: after the elodea nuttallii grows up, putting crab seeds in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, planting the hydrilla verticillata by inserting, enclosing with a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows up to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 30-50cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface;
the fertilizer A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 10-20 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate, 0.5-1 part of urea, 0.5-1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of composite vitamin and 0.3-0.5 part of trace element;
the fertilizer B comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of zeolite powder, 30-40 parts of puffed bean dregs, 20-40 parts of puffed rice hulls, 1-2 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of compound amino acid, 0.5-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.3-0.5 part of trace elements;
preferably, the preparation method of the fertilizer A is as follows:
(1) firstly, adjusting the water content of the fungus chaff to 20-30%, then adding the fungus chaff into an extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion expansion, carrying out enzymolysis on the crushed fungus chaff by using cellulase, xylanase and papain, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the extrusion-expansion conditions are as follows: the temperature is 140-: the material-liquid ratio is 1: (3-4), the pH is 5-6, the temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 6-12 h;
(2) adding the rest raw materials except the microbial agent, uniformly mixing, drying, uniformly spraying the microbial agent, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature for 12-24h to obtain the product.
Preferably, in the step (1), the dosage of the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, the dosage of the xylanase is 500-1000U/g, and the dosage of the papain is 500-1000U/g.
Preferably, in the fertilizer A, the effective viable count of the microbial agent is 1 × 109-1×1010cfu/g, which consists of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, wherein the ratio of the number of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans is 3: (1-1.5): (1-1.5).
Preferably, the preparation method of the puffed bean dregs comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the bean dregs to 30-40%, then adding the bean dregs into an extrusion-expansion machine, carrying out extrusion-expansion under the conditions that the temperature is 100-.
Preferably, the preparation method of the puffed rice hull comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the rice hulls to 15-20%, adding the rice hulls into an extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing under the conditions that the temperature is 120-.
Preferably, the water quality modifier comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 5-10 parts of calcium peroxide, 1-2 parts of polyferric sulfate, 3-5 parts of sodium humate, 3-5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 108-1×109cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 × 108-1×109cfu/g。
Preferably, the crab seed putting amount is 400-600 crabs per mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method mainly plants the waterweed in the early stage and the waterweed in the later stage, controls the water transparency to be 30-50cm by adjusting the water level in the whole cultivation period, frequently adjusts the water level without causing the requirement of too small transparency range to influence the growth and development of river crabs, and applies different fertilizers and water quality modifiers when the water transparency is in different ranges by matching with the determination of the water transparency before the cultivation of the waterweed, wherein the fertilizer A comprises proper proportion of fungus chaff pretreated by puffing and cellulase, xylanase and papain enzymolysis, and decomposed livestock manure, zeolite powder, microbial agent, sodium humate, sodium alginate, urea, monopotassium phosphate, compound vitamin and trace elements, and the nutritional ingredients in the fungus chaff are more easily dissolved out by the puffing and enzymolysis treatment, the fertilizer is beneficial to being better absorbed by the aquatic weeds, and can reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers, decomposed fertilizers and the like while rapidly supplying the aquatic weeds with nutrition, thereby reducing the adverse effect on water quality and reducing the use times of the water quality regulator; the fertilizer B comprises zeolite powder, puffed bean dregs, puffed rice hulls, sodium humate, compound amino acid, compound vitamin and trace elements in a proper proportion, wherein the puffed bean dregs and the puffed rice hulls can provide nutrition required by growth of the waterweed, can be compounded with the zeolite powder to play a slow-release role, and can stably provide the nutrient components of the waterweed for a long time. The method is characterized in that a combination of a fertilizer A and a fertilizer B is applied when the water transparency is higher, the requirements of quick-acting fertilization and long-term and stable fertilizer supply are met, a combination of a fertilizer B with a higher proportion and a water quality improver with a lower proportion is applied when the water transparency is medium, the requirements of long-term and stable fertilizer supply and water quality regulation are met, and a combination of a fertilizer B with a lower proportion and a water quality improver with a higher proportion is applied when the water transparency is lower, the requirements of water quality regulation and the requirements of aquatic weeds on a small amount of fertilizer efficiency are met, so that the aquatic weed fertilizer supply requirements and the water quality are well balanced, and the requirements of river crabs and aquatic weed growth can be met on the premise of reducing the frequency of topdressing and.
In conclusion, the planting management and maintenance method of the aquatic weeds is reasonably optimized, and by comprehensively regulating and controlling the fertilizer formula, the putting mode and the water quality management, the times of water level adjustment and the times of topdressing and water quality modifier addition can be reduced, the fertilizer supply requirements of the aquatic weeds and the water quality can be well balanced, the growth and development of the river crabs are facilitated, the yield of the river crabs can be effectively improved, and the method has the advantages of saving labor cost, facilitating operation and improving economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
In the following examples, the components of the fungal bran used are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 nutrient composition of mushroom bran
| Composition (I) | Crude protein | Crude fat | Coarse fiber | Ash content | Nitrogen-free extract | Phosphorus (P) | Calcium carbonate |
| Content (%) | 8.64 | 1.01 | 28.19 | 17.45 | 31.85 | 0.42 | 2.39 |
Example 1
The cultivation and management method of the crab pool aquatic weeds comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: in late 12 months, applying 150kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for cleaning and disinfecting, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: applying fertilizer A200 kg per mu for the first time in the last ten days of 2 months;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: cutting and planting the waterweeds into sections and 15kg per mu after fertilizing for 5 days for the first time;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: measuring the water transparency in the last ten days of 4 months, applying 200kg of fertilizer A and 300kg of fertilizer B to each mu when the water transparency is greater than 45cm, applying 100kg of fertilizer B to each mu and 2kg of water quality improver to each mu when the water transparency is 35-45cm, applying 20kg of fertilizer B to each mu and applying 5kg of water quality improver to each mu when the water transparency is less than 35 cm;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into segments and transplanting 5kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 5 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: after the elodea nuttallii grows up, putting crab seeds in the last 3 th ten days, wherein the putting amount is 400/mu, planting hydrilla verticillata by inserting, enclosing with a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows up to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 30-50cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface.
The preparation method of the fertilizer A comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, adjusting the water content of 40 parts of fungus chaff to 20%, then adding the fungus chaff into an extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion-expansion, carrying out enzymolysis on the crushed fungus chaff by using cellulase, xylanase and papain, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the extrusion-expansion conditions are as follows: the temperature is 140 ℃, the rotating speed is 120r/min, and the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1: 3. the pH value is 5, the temperature is 45 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 6 hours, the dosage of cellulase is 1000U/g, the dosage of xylanase is 500U/g, and the dosage of papain is 500U/g;
(2) adding 5 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 10 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of sodium humate, 1 part of sodium alginate, 0.5 part of urea, 0.5 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 part of compound vitamin and 0.3 part of trace elements, uniformly mixing, drying, uniformly spraying 1 part of microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature for 12 hours to obtain the microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count of the microbial inoculum is 1 × 109cfu/g, which consists of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, wherein the ratio of the number of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans is 3: 1: 1.
the preparation method of the fertilizer B comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 5 parts of zeolite powder, 30 parts of puffed bean dregs, 20 parts of puffed rice hulls, 1 part of sodium humate, 1 part of compound amino acid, 0.5 part of compound vitamin and 0.3 part of trace elements to obtain the composite fertilizer.
The preparation method of the puffed bean dregs comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the bean dregs to 30%, adding into an extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing under the conditions of 100 ℃ and 100r/min of rotation speed, and crushing to obtain the bean dregs; the preparation method of the puffed rice hull comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the rice hull to 15%, adding into an extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing at the temperature of 120 ℃ and the rotation speed of 80r/min, and crushing to obtain the rice hull.
The preparation method of the water quality modifier comprises the following steps: 5 parts of peroxide is addedUniformly mixing calcium, 1 part of polymeric ferric sulfate, 3 parts of sodium humate, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to obtain the composite material, wherein the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 108cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 × 108cfu/g。
Example 2
The cultivation and management method of the crab pool aquatic weeds comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: in late 1 month, applying 200kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for cleaning and disinfecting, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: fertilizing for the first time in the last ten days of 3 months, and applying 300kg of fertilizer A per mu;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: cutting and planting the elodea nutans into sections and 20kg of seedlings per mu after applying fertilizer for 10 days for the first time;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: measuring the water transparency in the last ten days of 5 months, applying fertilizer A300kg and fertilizer B500 kg per mu when the water transparency is more than 45cm, applying fertilizer B300 kg and water quality improver 3kg per mu when the water transparency is 35-45cm, applying fertilizer B50 kg and water quality improver 10kg per mu when the water transparency is less than 35 cm;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into sections and transplanting 10kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 10 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: after the elodea nuttallii grows up, putting crab seeds in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the putting amount is 600/mu, planting the hydrilla verticillata by inserting, enclosing with a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows up to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 30-50cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface.
The preparation method of the fertilizer A comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, adjusting the water content of 60 parts of fungus chaff to 30%, then adding the fungus chaff into an extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion expansion, carrying out enzymolysis on the crushed fungus chaff by using cellulase, xylanase and papain, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the extrusion-expansion conditions are as follows: the temperature is 160 ℃, the rotating speed is 140r/min, and the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1: 4. the pH value is 6, the temperature is 55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 12 hours, the dosage of cellulase is 2000U/g, the dosage of xylanase is 1000U/g, and the dosage of papain is 1000U/g;
(2) adding 10 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 2 parts of sodium humate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of urea, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of composite vitamin and 0.5 part of trace elements, uniformly mixing, drying, uniformly spraying 2 parts of microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature for 24 hours to obtain the microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count of the microbial inoculum is 1 × 1010cfu/g, which consists of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, wherein the ratio of the number of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans is 3: 1.5: 1.5.
the preparation method of the fertilizer B comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing 10 parts of zeolite powder, 40 parts of puffed bean dregs, 40 parts of puffed rice hulls, 2 parts of sodium humate, 2 parts of compound amino acid, 1 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of trace elements to obtain the composite fertilizer.
The preparation method of the puffed bean dregs comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the bean dregs to 40%, adding into an extrusion-expansion machine, carrying out extrusion-expansion under the conditions of 120 ℃ and 120r/min of rotation speed, and crushing to obtain the bean dregs; the preparation method of the puffed rice hull comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the rice hull to 20%, adding into an extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing at 140 deg.C and rotation speed of 120r/min, and pulverizing.
The water quality modifier is prepared by mixing 10 parts of calcium peroxide, 2 parts of polymeric ferric sulfate, 5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 2 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens uniformly, wherein the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 109cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 × 109cfu/g。
Example 3
The cultivation and management method of the crab pool aquatic weeds comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: in 1 month last ten days, applying 180kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for cleaning and disinfecting the pond, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: fertilizing for the first time in the last ten days of 2 months, and applying 250kg of fertilizer A per mu;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: 7 days after the first fertilization, cutting and planting the waterweeds into segments, and planting 18kg of waterweeds in each mu of field;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: measuring the water transparency in the last ten days of 4 months, applying 250kg of fertilizer A and 400kg of fertilizer B per mu when the water transparency is greater than 45cm, applying 200kg of fertilizer B and 2.5kg of water quality improver per mu when the water transparency is 35-45cm, applying 40kg of fertilizer B and 7.5kg of water quality improver per mu when the water transparency is less than 35 cm;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into segments and transplanting 7kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 7 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: putting crab seeds in the last 3 th ten days after the elodea nuttallii grows, planting hydrilla verticillata, enclosing by using a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 30-50cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface.
The preparation method of the fertilizer A comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, adjusting the water content of 50 parts of fungus chaff to 25%, then adding the fungus chaff into an extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion expansion, carrying out enzymolysis on the crushed fungus chaff by using cellulase, xylanase and papain, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the extrusion-expansion conditions are as follows: the temperature is 150 ℃, the rotating speed is 130r/min, and the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1: 3.5, pH 5.5, temperature 50 ℃, enzymolysis time 10h, cellulase dosage 1500U/g, xylanase dosage 800U/g, papain dosage 800U/g;
(2) adding 8 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 15 parts of zeolite powder, 1.5 parts of sodium humate, 1.5 parts of sodium alginate, 0.8 part of urea, 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of compound vitamin and 0.4 part of trace element, uniformly mixing, drying, uniformly spraying 1.5 parts of microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature for 20 hours to obtain the microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count of the microbial inoculum is 2 × 109cfu/g, from Bacillus subtilisThe bacillus cereus and the bacillus coagulans are prepared, wherein the ratio of the number of bacillus subtilis to bacillus cereus to the number of bacillus coagulans is 3: 1.2: 1.2.
the preparation method of the fertilizer B comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 8 parts of zeolite powder, 35 parts of puffed bean dregs, 30 parts of puffed rice hulls, 1.5 parts of sodium humate, 1.5 parts of compound amino acid, 0.8 part of compound vitamin and 0.4 part of trace elements to obtain the composite fertilizer.
The preparation method of the puffed bean dregs comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the bean dregs to 35%, adding into an extrusion-expansion machine, carrying out extrusion-expansion under the conditions of 110 ℃ and 110r/min of rotation speed, and crushing to obtain the bean dregs; the preparation method of the puffed rice hull comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of rice hull to 18%, adding into an extrusion machine, extruding and puffing at 130 deg.C and 100r/min, and pulverizing.
The water quality modifier is prepared by mixing 8 parts of calcium peroxide, 1.5 parts of polymeric ferric sulfate, 4 parts of sodium humate, 4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 1.5 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens uniformly, wherein the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 4 × 108cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2 × 108cfu/g。
Comparative example
The conventional crab pool aquatic plant cultivation and management method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: in 1 month last ten days, applying 180kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for cleaning and disinfecting the pond, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: applying fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 2 months, wherein 250kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea and 0.5kg of monopotassium phosphate are applied to each mu;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: 7 days after the first fertilization, cutting and planting the waterweeds into segments, and planting 18kg of waterweeds in each mu of field;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: applying fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein 200kg of organic fertilizer, 0.25kg of urea, 0.25kg of monopotassium phosphate and 2kg of water quality improver are applied to each mu;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into segments and transplanting 7kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 7 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: putting crab seeds in the last 3 th ten days after the elodea nuttallii grows, planting hydrilla verticillata, enclosing by using a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 40-45cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface; topdressing is respectively carried out in the last 3 th, 5 th, 6 th and 7 th month, and 8 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is topdressed each time; applying the water quality modifier in the last ten days of 3 months, 5 months, 6 months and 7 months respectively, wherein 1.5 kg/mu is applied each time;
the water quality modifier is prepared by mixing 8 parts of calcium peroxide, 1.5 parts of polymeric ferric sulfate, 4 parts of sodium humate, 4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 1.5 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens uniformly, wherein the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is 4 × 108cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2 × 108cfu/g。。
And (3) verifying the culture effect of the river crabs:
the cultivation test of the eriocheir sinensis is carried out by respectively adopting the aquatic weed planting management method of embodiment 3 of the invention and the conventional aquatic weed planting management method of the comparative example, and the test pond conditions are as follows: the pond area is 10 mu, the pond is rectangular, and the bottom of the pond is free of sludge. The periphery of the pond is provided with an escape-proof facility with the height of 50cm, and a water inlet is filtered by a nylon mesh bag. The feed feeding method comprises the following steps: putting river snails at 400 kg/mu, and feeding the river snails with the compound feed every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-4% of the crab weight. Fishing and weighing in the last ten days of 11 months. The yield per mu is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Eriocheir sinensis yield per mu
| Example 3 | Comparative example | |
| Chinese mitten crab mu yield (kg) | 70.20 | 61.94 |
Therefore, compared with the conventional aquatic weed cultivation and management method, the aquatic weed cultivation and management method disclosed by the invention can greatly improve the yield of the river crabs while reducing the frequency of topdressing, and has the advantages of saving labor cost, being convenient to operate and improving economic benefits.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation and management method of crab pool aquatic weeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pond cleaning: applying 150-200kg of quicklime to each mu of pond for pond cleaning and disinfection in 12-1 month, and then solarizing the dry pond for more than 1 month;
s2, fertilizing for the first time: the first fertilization is carried out in 2-3 months, and the fertilizer A200-300 kg is applied to each mu;
s3, cultivating the elodea nutans: cutting and planting the waterweeds into sections and 15-20kg per mu after fertilizing for 5-10 days for the first time;
s4, fertilizing for the second time: measuring the water transparency in 4-5 months, applying 300kg of fertilizer A and 500kg of fertilizer B for each mu when the water transparency is more than 45cm, applying 100-300kg of fertilizer B and 2-3kg of water quality improver for each mu when the water transparency is 35-45cm, applying 20-50kg of fertilizer B and 5-10kg of water quality improver for each mu when the water transparency is less than 35 cm;
s5, cultivating hydrilla verticillata: cutting the hydrilla verticillata into segments and transplanting 5-10kg of hydrilla verticillata per mu after fertilizing for 5-10 days for the second time;
s6, cultivation management: after the elodea nuttallii grows up, putting crab seeds in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, planting the hydrilla verticillata by inserting, enclosing with a purse net, and detaching the purse net after the hydrilla verticillata grows up to prevent the crab seeds from being damaged; during the cultivation period, the water level is adjusted to control the transparency of the water body to be 30-50cm, the head of the elodea nuttallii is cut off in time, and the head of the elodea nuttallii is controlled to be 20-25cm away from the water surface;
the fertilizer A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 10-20 parts of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate, 0.5-1 part of urea, 0.5-1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of composite vitamin and 0.3-0.5 part of trace element;
the fertilizer B comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of zeolite powder, 30-40 parts of puffed bean dregs, 20-40 parts of puffed rice hulls, 1-2 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of compound amino acid, 0.5-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.3-0.5 part of trace elements.
2. The cultivation and management method of crab pool aquatic weeds according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fertilizer A is as follows:
(1) firstly, adjusting the water content of the fungus chaff to 20-30%, then adding the fungus chaff into an extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion expansion, carrying out enzymolysis on the crushed fungus chaff by using cellulase, xylanase and papain, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation, wherein the extrusion-expansion conditions are as follows: the temperature is 140-: the material-liquid ratio is 1: (3-4), the pH is 5-6, the temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 6-12 h;
(2) adding the rest raw materials except the microbial agent, uniformly mixing, drying, uniformly spraying the microbial agent, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature for 12-24h to obtain the product.
3. The method for cultivating and managing aquatic weeds in the crab pool as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the dosage of the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, the dosage of the xylanase is 500-1000U/g, and the dosage of the papain is 500-1000U/g.
4. The method for cultivating and managing aquatic weeds recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said fertilizer A has an effective viable cell count of 1 × 10 for the microbial agent9-1×1010cfu/g, which consists of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, wherein the ratio of the number of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans is 3: (1-1.5): (1-1.5).
5. The cultivation and management method of the crab pool aquatic weeds according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the preparation method of the puffed bean dregs comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the bean dregs to 30-40%, then adding the bean dregs into an extrusion-expansion machine, carrying out extrusion-expansion under the conditions that the temperature is 100-.
6. The cultivation and management method of crab pool aquatic weeds according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preparation method of the puffed rice hulls comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the rice hulls to 15-20%, adding the rice hulls into an extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing under the conditions that the temperature is 120-.
7. The method for cultivating and managing aquatic weeds in a crab pool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water quality improver comprises, by weight, 5 to 10 parts of calcium peroxide, 1 to 2 parts of polyferric sulfate, 3 to 5 parts of sodium humate, 3 to 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the number of effective viable bacteria of the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 108-1×109cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 × 108-1×109cfu/g。
8. The method for cultivating and managing aquatic weeds in a crab pool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of the crab seeds put in is 400 and 600 seeds per mu.
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