CN111398320B - Electric control compression testing machine and testing method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays - Google Patents
Electric control compression testing machine and testing method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric control compression testing machine and a testing method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays, which adopt a high-precision servo motor to act, utilize a two-stage worm gear reducer to convert the rotary motion of the motor into the up-down linear motion of a lower clamp, fix a sample through the upper clamp and the lower clamp, apply compressive stress to the sample through displacement control of the lower clamp, adopt a miniature dynamic force sensor and a laser vibrometer to collect the load and displacement of the sample in the testing process in real time, and realize closed-loop control of the testing machine through a control unit. The testing machine provided by the invention is an in-situ compression material testing device with the characteristics of high precision, large load, small volume, light weight, monotonous compression and the like, can be well compatible with a synchronous radiation light source testing platform, meets the requirements of a sample platform on weight and size, and can be used for monitoring the internal structure and typical defects of materials under each monotonous loading stress level in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of in-situ imaging control test equipment, and particularly relates to an electric control compression test machine and a test method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays.
Background
The high-energy X-ray computed tomography technology has submicron space and microsecond time resolution and hundreds of keV level excellent detection capability, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the test level of the conventional industrial X-ray machine, so that the evolution of the internal pore structure of the material can be observed under the micron and submicron resolution, and the unprecedented opportunity is brought to the research of the micro-mechanical properties of metal materials, composite materials and the like. At present, the research on the damage process of the internal pore structure of the metal material and the composite material by utilizing the high-energy X-ray computer tomography technology is relatively few in China, and the in-situ mechanical property test of the metal material, the composite material, the porous material and the like based on the high-energy X-ray source is urgently needed to be developed, so that the internal pore evolution rule and the damage mechanism are revealed.
As a carrier for the coolant to pass through, the porosity of the composite materials such as ceramics, carbon fibers and the like is always lower, so that the coolant can be quantitatively oozed under certain pressure. In practical applications of sweat cooling, the internal pore structural integrity of the composite material has a decisive influence on the efficiency of heat protection. Under the pressure of the coolant, the pore structure inside the material is possibly damaged, so that the open pore channels are blocked, and the coolant cannot permeate out of the surface of the material timely, uniformly and efficiently. Since the failure of composite materials such as ceramics and carbon fibers is mostly caused by the destruction of the internal pore structure and directly determines the seepage condition of the coolant, the liquid permeability of the internal structure and the destruction process thereof are necessary to be studied under the condition of externally adding a seepage agent. The internal structure damage process is difficult to determine through a simple test, the evolution process of the internal pore structure of the material needs to be deeply researched through an in-situ mechanical property experiment, the damage rule is revealed, and a theoretical basis is provided for engineering application and evaluation of the material.
The study of students at home and abroad on the aspects of material internal structure and mathematical model of typical defects, evolution mechanism of material defects under the action of external load and numerical forecasting model of material performance containing defects is limited. The method is also in a starting stage in the working aspects of high-energy X-ray three-dimensional imaging digital reconstruction, finite element efficient modeling and material performance and life prediction integration. In order to realize accurate and efficient prediction of the performance of the material under different service conditions, it is urgently required to establish a material internal pore structure damage model, establish an in-situ synchrotron radiation three-dimensional imaging mechanical loading system based on a complex environment, and develop a material performance study based on a pore structure evolution rule of high-energy X-ray three-dimensional imaging image big data reconstruction.
The combination of the miniature in-situ monotone compression material tester and advanced X-ray imaging enables scientists to go deep into the material, and the damage and fracture process and the internal mechanical property of the material under the monotone compression load can be detected in real time with high precision, high brightness, high collimation, high efficiency, nondestructivity and in-situ; meanwhile, the invention can explore the liquid permeability of the internal pore structure of the material and the damage process of the structure thereof under the compression load under the condition of externally connecting a seepage device, thereby having irreplaceable scientific significance for engineering application and mechanical property evaluation of the material. The structures of the testers in the market and other patents at present cannot be matched with high-energy X rays to carry out accurate monotone loading test. Firstly, the size and the quality of a standard monotone loading test machine exceed the bearing range of synchronous radiation light source equipment, and in-situ observation of the monotone loading test cannot be realized; secondly, the existing in-situ testing machine based on an advanced light source cannot realize closed-loop control of a monotonic loading test through a data acquisition and control unit; thirdly, the existing in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source can only perform a monotonic tensile test and does not have monotonic compression performance; fourth, the current in-situ testing machine based on advanced light source can not accurately measure the displacement of the sample in the monotone loading test process; fifth, the existing in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source has smaller monotone load and cannot realize monotone loading test under higher load; sixth, the current in-situ testing machine based on advanced light source can not synchronously perform liquid penetration test of the materials in the process of performing monotone loading test.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides an electric control compression testing machine and a testing method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays.
The invention relates to an electric control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays, which comprises the following structure:
The XY micro-displacement platform is fixedly provided with a sample rotating platform through bolts, the sample rotating platform is fixedly provided with a bottom plate of the testing machine through bolts, and the bottom plate of the testing machine is fixedly provided with a servo motor, a screw rod lifting platform and a worm gear reducer through bolts;
the top of the screw rod lifting platform is fixed on a tester support through bolts, and a lower support of the enclosure and an upper support of the enclosure are arranged on the tester support; the lower end of the enclosure is arranged on the lower support of the enclosure through the lower fixture block of the enclosure, and the upper end of the enclosure is arranged on the upper support of the enclosure through the upper fixture block of the enclosure.
The testing machine support is provided with a laser displacement sensor, and the long end of the laser displacement sensor is inserted into a cavity reserved in the lower support of the enclosure.
The servo motor is fixedly connected with a worm gear reducer through a flange plate, the worm gear reducer penetrates through a shell of the screw rod lifter to be connected with a worm, the worm is matched with a turbine, the turbine is connected with a screw rod, a miniature dynamic load sensor is arranged at the top of the screw rod, and a connecting block is arranged at the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor.
The two ends of the worm are respectively provided with a worm sealing ring and a worm thrust bearing, and the two ends of the turbine are respectively provided with a turbine sealing ring and a turbine thrust bearing.
The top of the upper support of the enclosure is provided with a clamp fixing seat, and a compression clamp assembly (or a tension clamp assembly) is arranged between the clamp fixing seat and the connecting block.
And a light source X-ray emitter and a light source X-ray receiver are correspondingly arranged at two sides of the enclosure.
Wherein, compression anchor clamps subassembly is: the compression lower clamp is fixed on the connecting block, a groove for placing a compression sample is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp, the upper end of the compression upper clamp corresponding to the compression lower clamp penetrates out through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support of the enclosure, the penetrating-out part of the compression upper clamp is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a, and the upper clamp fixing a is fixed on the clamp fixing seat through the upper clamp fixing b.
Wherein, tensile anchor clamps subassembly is: the lower stretching clamp a is fixed on the connecting block, the lower stretching clamp b is in threaded fit with the lower stretching clamp a, and the lower end of the stretching sample is fixed between the lower stretching clamp b and the lower stretching clamp a; the upper end of the tensile sample is fixed by the upper tensile clamp a and the upper tensile clamp b through threaded fit; the upper end of the upper stretching clamp b penetrates out through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper supporting frame of the enclosure, the penetrating-out part of the upper stretching clamp b is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a, and the upper clamp fixing a is fixed on the clamp fixing seat through the upper clamp fixing b.
Further, the material of the enclosure is acrylic, quartz or carbon fiber.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor and the miniature dynamic load sensor are connected with a computer through a data line, and the computer controls the servo motor to act, so that a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system is formed.
Further, the sample rotation stage may be rotated by 0 to 180 °.
Further, the servo motor applies a monotonic load to the sample in the range of-5 kN to 5kN.
The invention relates to an electric control compression test method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays, which comprises the following steps:
A1, building the in-situ imaging electric control monotone loading testing machine, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, a laser positioning system is used for adjusting the XY micro-displacement platform according to the X-ray position of the light source, so that the imaging position required by the compressed sample is positioned in the X-ray irradiation range.
A2, controlling the servo motor to rotate through a computer, reducing the rotating speed through a worm gear reducer and transmitting the rotation to an input shaft of a screw rod lifting platform, reducing the rotating speed again through a worm wheel and a worm in the screw rod lifting platform, converting the rotating motion of the servo motor into the up-and-down motion of a screw rod, and driving a connecting block to generate up-and-down displacement by the screw rod.
A3, measuring the load born by the compression sample in real time by the miniature dynamic sensor and transmitting load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block, a penetrating hole is drilled in the compression lower clamp, and a laser displacement sensor is used for measuring displacement data of a compression sample in real time and transmitting the displacement data to a computer; the computer acquires a stress-strain curve of the compression sample in real time after processing by software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor to perform the next action so as to realize closed-loop control of the testing machine; and stopping loading the testing machine after the stress or strain of the compression sample reaches the stopping requirement of a certain stage of the test.
And A4, connecting the two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of the compression sample with the hydraulic pump of the outer belt through two plastic water pipes, injecting liquid into the compression sample, and keeping the hydraulic pressure unchanged to form the liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump-the plastic water pipe-the compression sample-the plastic water pipe-the hydraulic pump.
A5, after test preparation is completed, starting a light source X-ray emitter, controlling the sample rotating platform to rotate, and driving the tester main body and the compressed sample in the main body to rotate 180 degrees; meanwhile, high-energy X-rays of the light source penetrate through the enclosure, penetrate through the compressed sample rotating 180 degrees and then are received by the light source X-ray detector, and 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample and the penetration condition of liquid in the compressed sample is completed; stopping penetrating liquid after imaging is finished, continuing to carry out the monotonic stress required to be loaded for the next test on the compressed sample, and repeating the operation until the set number of times of completing the test is reached.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
The testing machine provided by the invention is an in-situ compression material testing device with the characteristics of high precision, large load, small volume, light weight, monotonous compression and the like, can be well compatible with a synchronous radiation light source testing platform, meets the requirements of a sample platform on weight and size, can rotate 180 degrees along with the light source rotating platform, and can monitor the internal structure and typical defects of materials under each monotonous loading stress level in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the whole testing machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the screw lifter of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the lower fixture and enclosure of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the upper fixture and enclosure of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the high energy X-ray imaging of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a compression clamp assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a drawing fixture assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses an electric control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays, which is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises the following components:
The XY micro-displacement platform 1 is fixedly provided with a sample rotating platform 2 through bolts, the sample rotating platform 2 is fixedly provided with a tester bottom plate 3 through bolts, and the tester bottom plate 3 is fixedly provided with a servo motor 4, a screw rod lifting platform 5 and a worm gear reducer 13 through bolts;
The top of the screw rod lifting platform 5 is fixed with a tester support 6 through bolts, and a shroud lower support 8 and a shroud upper support 10 are arranged on the tester support 6. As shown in fig. 3, the lower end of the enclosure 26 is mounted on the enclosure lower support 8 by the enclosure lower clamp block 25, while the upper end of the enclosure 26 is mounted on the enclosure upper support 10 by the enclosure upper clamp block 33.
The tester support 6 is provided with a laser displacement sensor 7, and the long end of the laser displacement sensor 7 is inserted into a cavity reserved by the lower support 8 of the enclosure.
The servo motor 4 is fixedly connected with a worm gear reducer 13 through a flange plate 12, and the worm gear reducer 13 penetrates through a screw rod lifter shell 15 to be connected with a worm 22. As shown in fig. 2, a worm 22 is matched with a turbine 17, two ends of the worm 22 are respectively provided with a worm sealing ring 21 and a worm thrust bearing 23, two ends of the turbine 17 are respectively provided with a turbine sealing ring 16 and a turbine thrust bearing 18, the turbine 17 is connected with a screw rod 19, the top of the screw rod 19 is provided with a miniature dynamic load sensor 20, and the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor 20 is provided with a connecting block 27.
The top of the upper support 10 of the enclosure is provided with a clamp fixing seat 11, and a compression clamp assembly (or a tension clamp assembly) is arranged between the clamp fixing seat 11 and the connecting block 27.
As shown in fig. 5, a source X-ray emitter 34 and a source X-ray receiver 36 are correspondingly mounted on both sides of the enclosure 26.
The compression fixture assembly is shown in fig. 6, and specifically comprises: the compression lower clamp 37 is fixed on the connecting block 27, a groove for placing the compression sample 38 is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp 37, the upper end of the compression upper clamp 39 corresponding to the compression lower clamp 37 penetrates out through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support 10 of the enclosure, the penetrating-out part of the compression upper clamp 39 is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a31, and the upper clamp fixing a31 is fixed on the clamp fixing seat 11 through the upper clamp fixing b 32.
The stretching clamp assembly is shown in fig. 7, and specifically comprises: the lower stretching clamp a24 is fixed on the connecting block 27, the lower stretching clamp b14 is in threaded fit with the lower stretching clamp a24, and the lower end of the stretching sample 9 is fixed between the lower stretching clamp b14 and the lower stretching clamp a 24; the upper ends of the tensile test pieces 9 are fixed by screw-fitting by the upper tensile clamps a28 and the upper tensile clamps b 29. As shown in fig. 4, the upper end of the upper stretching clamp b29 is penetrated through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support 10 of the enclosure, the penetrated part of the upper stretching clamp b29 is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a31, and the upper clamp fixing a31 is fixed on the clamp fixing seat 11 through the upper clamp fixing b 32.
Furthermore, the enclosure 26 is designed for simple nesting and fixture block fixed connection, so that a monotone compression test and a tensile test can be performed; for experiments based on high-energy X-ray imaging, the support structure needs to be made of materials with little X-ray absorption and high strength, such as acrylic, quartz, carbon fiber and the like, and is preferably made of acrylic materials with high specific strength, and the designed cylindrical support structure has small and uniform influence on X-ray penetration and does not influence later imaging data processing.
Further, the displacement of the sample in the loading process is directly and accurately measured by using the laser displacement sensor 7, and the load borne by the sample in the loading process is measured in real time by using the miniature dynamic force sensor 20; the collected data is fed back to a computer, and the computer controls the servo motor 4 to act, so that a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system is formed.
Furthermore, the sample rotating platform 2 can rotate 0-180 degrees, so that the internal structure and typical defects of the material under each monotonic loading stress level can be monitored in real time.
Further, the servo motor 4 is used for actuating, the secondary worm gear reducer is used for decelerating, and when a monotonic compression test is carried out, the monotonic load applied to the sample ranges from-5 kN to 0kN; when a monotonous tensile test is performed, the monotonous load applied to the test specimen ranges from 0kN to 5kN.
Furthermore, in the process of monotone compression test, the liquid permeation test of the material can be synchronously carried out, and the permeation performance and the internal pore destruction process of the material can be observed in situ through X rays under the condition of externally applied compression load and seepage liquid.
Furthermore, the XY micro-displacement platform 1 at the bottom can accurately adjust the position of the sample in the horizontal plane, and ensure the consistency of the axis of the sample and the axis of the advanced sample rotating platform 2, so as to improve the position accuracy and imaging characterization quality of the sample in the experimental process.
Monotonic compression test method:
a1, building the in-situ imaging electric control monotone loading testing machine, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is completed, the XY micro-displacement platform 1 is adjusted according to the X-ray position of the light source using a laser positioning system so that the position of the compressed sample 38 to be imaged is located within the X-ray irradiation range.
A2, the servo motor 4 is controlled by a computer to rotate, the rotation speed is reduced through the worm gear reducer 13 and is transmitted to the input shaft of the screw rod lifting platform 5, the rotation speed is reduced again through the worm wheel 17 and the worm 22 in the screw rod lifting platform 5, the rotation motion of the servo motor 4 is converted into the up-and-down motion of the screw rod 19, and the screw rod 19 drives the connecting block 27 to generate up-and-down displacement. The compression upper jig 39 is fixed to the tester main body by using the upper jig fixing a31 and the upper jig fixing b32, and when the compression lower jig 37 is displaced upward, a monotone compression test is performed on the compression sample 38, so that a compression stress is generated in the compression sample 38.
A3, the miniature dynamic sensor 20 measures the load born by the compressed sample 38 in real time and transmits load data to a computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block 27, a penetrating hole is drilled in the compression lower clamp 37, and the laser displacement sensor 7 is used for measuring displacement data of the compression sample 38 in real time and transmitting the displacement data to a computer; the computer acquires the stress-strain curve of the compression sample 38 in real time after processing by software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor 4 to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine; after the compressive test specimen 38 stress or strain reaches the stop requirement for a certain stage of the test, the loading of the tester is stopped.
A4, if the liquid permeation test of the material is to be synchronously performed in the monotone compression test process, the two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of the compression sample 38 are connected with the hydraulic pump at the outer belt through two plastic water pipes, the liquid is injected into the compression sample, the hydraulic pressure is kept unchanged, and the liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump-plastic water pipe-compression sample-plastic water pipe-hydraulic pump is formed (the liquid flowing out of the sample is collected and statistically measured, and the liquid does not flow into the hydraulic pump).
A5, after test preparation is completed, starting a light source X-ray emitter 34, controlling the sample rotating platform 2 to rotate, and driving the tester main body and the compressed sample 38 in the main body to rotate 180 degrees; meanwhile, the high-energy X-ray 35 of the light source passes through the enclosure 26, then penetrates through the compressed sample 38 rotating for 180 degrees and is received by the light source X-ray detector 36, so that 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample 38 and the liquid penetration condition inside the compressed sample is completed; after the imaging is completed, the permeation of the liquid is stopped, the monotone stress required for the next test is continuously applied to the compressed sample 38, and the above operation is repeated until the set number of cycles for completing the test is reached. Monotonic tensile tests may also be performed, specifically:
B1, building the in-situ imaging electric control monotone loading testing machine, and selecting a stretching clamp assembly; after the construction is completed, the laser positioning system is used for adjusting the XY micro displacement platform 1 according to the X-ray position of the light source, so that the position of the tensile sample 9 required to be imaged is located in the X-ray irradiation range.
B2, the servo motor 4 is controlled by a computer to rotate, the rotation speed is reduced through the worm gear reducer 13 and is transmitted to the input shaft of the screw rod lifting platform 5, the rotation speed is reduced again through the worm wheel 17 and the worm 22 in the screw rod lifting platform 5, the rotation motion of the servo motor 4 is converted into the up-and-down motion of the screw rod 19, and the screw rod 19 drives the connecting block 27 to generate up-and-down displacement. The upper clamp 29 is fixed on the main body of the testing machine by using the upper clamp fixing a31 and the upper clamp fixing b32, and when the lower clamp a24 is stretched to generate upward displacement, a monotone compression test is carried out on the tensile sample 9, so that the sample generates compression stress; when the lower tension clamp a24 is displaced downward, a monotone tensile test is performed on the tensile specimen 9, and the tensile stress is generated in the specimen.
B3, the miniature dynamic sensor 20 measures the load born by the tensile sample 9 in real time and transmits load data to a computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block 27, a penetrating hole is drilled in the stretching lower clamp a24, and a laser displacement sensor 7 is used for measuring displacement data of the stretching sample 9 in real time and transmitting the displacement data to a computer; the computer acquires the stress-strain curve of the tensile sample 9 in real time after processing by software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor 4 to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine.
B4, stopping loading of the testing machine after the stress or strain of the tensile sample 9 reaches the stopping requirement of a certain stage of the test; starting a light source X-ray emitter 34, controlling the sample rotating platform 2 to rotate, and driving the tester main body and the tensile sample 9 in the main body to rotate 180 degrees; meanwhile, the high-energy X-ray 35 of the light source passes through the enclosure 26, then penetrates through the tensile sample 9 rotating for 180 degrees and is received by the light source X-ray detector 36, so that 180-degree imaging of the tensile sample 9 is completed; the monotone stress required to be loaded for the test of the tensile sample 9 is continuously carried out, and the operation is repeated until the set number of times of completing the test is reached.
In summary, the invention provides an indispensable technical equipment for researching the evolution of defects, cracks and permeability of various materials (such as metal alloys, composite materials, porous materials and the like) in the monotone loading process.
Claims (5)
1. An electric control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by high-energy X rays is characterized in that a sample rotating platform (2) is fixedly arranged on an XY micro-displacement platform (1) through bolts, a testing machine bottom plate (3) is fixedly arranged on the sample rotating platform (2) through bolts, and a servo motor (4), a screw rod lifting platform (5) and a worm gear reducer (13) are fixedly arranged on the testing machine bottom plate (3) through bolts;
The top of the screw rod lifting platform (5) is fixed with a tester support (6) through bolts, and a lower enclosure support (8) and an upper enclosure support (10) are arranged on the tester support (6); the lower end of the enclosure (26) is arranged on the enclosure lower support (8) through an enclosure lower clamping block (25), and the upper end of the enclosure (26) is arranged on the enclosure upper support (10) through an enclosure upper clamping block (33);
a laser displacement sensor (7) is arranged on the tester support (6), and the long end of the laser displacement sensor (7) is inserted into a cavity reserved in the lower support (8) of the enclosure;
The servo motor (4) is fixedly connected with a worm gear reducer (13) through a flange plate (12), the worm gear reducer (13) penetrates through a screw rod lifter shell (15) to be connected with a worm (22), the worm (22) is matched with a turbine (17), the turbine (17) is connected with a screw rod (19) through a shaft, a miniature dynamic load sensor (20) is arranged at the top of the screw rod (19), and a connecting block (27) is arranged at the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor (20);
The two ends of the worm (22) are respectively provided with a worm sealing ring (21) and a worm thrust bearing (23), and the two ends of the turbine (17) are respectively provided with a turbine sealing ring (16) and a turbine thrust bearing (18);
the top of the upper support (10) of the enclosure is provided with a clamp fixing seat (11), and a compression clamp assembly is arranged between the clamp fixing seat (11) and the connecting block (27);
A light source X-ray emitter (34) and a light source X-ray receiver (36) are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the enclosure (26);
The compression clamp assembly is: the compression lower clamp (37) is fixed on the connecting block (27), a groove for placing a compression sample (38) is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp (37), the upper end of a compression upper clamp (39) corresponding to the compression lower clamp (37) penetrates out through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support (10) of the enclosure, the penetrating-out part of the compression upper clamp (39) is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a (31), and the upper clamp fixing a (31) is fixed on the clamp fixing seat (11) through the upper clamp fixing b (32);
The laser displacement sensor (7) and the miniature dynamic load sensor (20) are connected with a computer through a data line, and the computer controls the servo motor (4) to act, so that a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system is formed.
2. An electronically controlled compression tester for in situ imaging with high energy X-rays according to claim 1, wherein the material of the enclosure (26) is acrylic, quartz or carbon fiber.
3. An electronically controlled compression tester for in situ imaging with high energy X-rays according to claim 1, wherein the sample rotation stage (2) is rotatable by 0-180 °.
4. An electronically controlled compression tester for in situ imaging with high energy X-rays according to claim 1, wherein the servo motor (4) applies a monotonic load to the sample in the range of-5 kN to 5kN.
5. An electric control compression test method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A1, constructing an in-situ imaging electric control monotone loading testing machine according to claim 1, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, a laser positioning system is used for adjusting the XY micro displacement platform (1) according to the X-ray position of the light source, so that the position of the compressed sample (38) required to be imaged is positioned in the X-ray irradiation range;
A2, controlling the servo motor (4) to rotate through a computer, slowing down the rotation speed through a worm gear reducer (13) and transmitting the rotation to an input shaft of the screw rod lifting platform (5), slowing down the rotation speed again through a turbine (17) and a worm (22) in the screw rod lifting platform (5), converting the rotation movement of the servo motor (4) into the up-and-down movement of a screw rod (19), and driving a connecting block (27) to generate up-and-down displacement by the screw rod (19);
A3, the miniature dynamic sensor (20) measures the load born by the compression sample (38) in real time and transmits load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block (27), a penetrating hole is drilled in the compression lower clamp (37), and a laser displacement sensor (7) is used for measuring displacement data of a compression sample (38) in real time and transmitting the displacement data to a computer; the computer acquires a stress-strain curve of the compression sample (38) in real time after processing by software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor (4) to perform the next action so as to realize closed-loop control of the testing machine; stopping loading the testing machine when the stress or strain of the compression sample (38) reaches the stopping requirement of a certain stage of the test;
a4, connecting two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of the compression sample (38) with an external hydraulic pump through two plastic water pipes, injecting liquid into the compression sample, and keeping the hydraulic pressure unchanged to form liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump, the plastic water pipe, the compression sample, the plastic water pipe and the hydraulic pump;
a5, after test preparation is completed, starting a light source X-ray emitter (34), controlling the sample rotating platform (2) to rotate, and driving the tester main body and a compressed sample (38) in the main body to rotate 180 degrees; meanwhile, the high-energy X-ray (35) line of the light source passes through the enclosure 26, then penetrates through the compressed sample (38) rotating for 180 degrees and is received by the light source X-ray detector (36), so that 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample (38) and the liquid penetration condition inside the compressed sample is completed; stopping penetrating the liquid after imaging is finished, continuing to carry out the monotonic stress required to be loaded for the next test on the compressed sample (38), and repeating the operation until the set number of times of completing the test is reached.
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