CN111398320A - Electric control compression testing machine and method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-ray - Google Patents
Electric control compression testing machine and method for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-ray Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic control compression testing machine and a testing method for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays, wherein a high-precision servo motor is adopted for actuation, a two-stage worm gear reducer is utilized for converting the rotary motion of the motor into the vertical linear motion of a lower clamp, a sample is fixed by the upper clamp and the lower clamp, the sample is applied with compressive stress by the displacement control of the lower clamp, a miniature dynamic force sensor and a laser vibrometer are adopted for collecting the load and the displacement of the sample in the testing process in real time, and the closed-loop control of the testing machine is realized by a control unit. The testing machine is an in-situ compression material testing device which has the characteristics of high precision, larger load, small volume, light weight, monotonous compression and the like, can be well compatible with a synchrotron radiation light source testing platform, meets the requirements of the sample platform on weight and size, and can monitor the internal structure and typical defects of a material under each monotonous loading stress level in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of in-situ imaging control test equipment, and particularly relates to an electronic control compression test machine for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays and a test method.
Background
The high-energy X-ray computed tomography technology has excellent detection capability of submicron space, microsecond time resolution and hundred keV level, and is higher than the test level of a conventional industrial X-ray machine by several orders of magnitude, so that the observation of the evolution of the internal pore structure of the material under micron and submicron resolution becomes possible, and unprecedented opportunities are brought to the study of microscopic mechanical properties of metal materials, composite materials and the like. At present, the high-energy X-ray computed tomography technology is utilized to research the damage process of the internal pore structures of metal materials and composite materials less, and in-situ mechanical property tests of the metal materials, the composite materials, the porous materials and the like based on a high-energy X-ray source are urgently needed to be developed to reveal the evolution rule and the damage mechanism of the internal pores.
As a carrier for passing the coolant, the porosity of composite materials such as ceramics, carbon fibers and the like is often low, so that quantitative exudation of the coolant under certain pressure can be guaranteed. In the practical application of transpiration cooling, the internal pore structural integrity of the composite material has a decisive influence on the thermal protection efficiency. Under the pressure of the coolant, the internal pore structure of the material is possibly damaged, so that the open pore channel is blocked, and the coolant cannot seep out of the surface of the material timely, uniformly and efficiently. Since the composite materials such as ceramic and carbon fiber are mostly caused by the damage of the internal pore structure when the composite materials fail and directly determine the seepage condition of the coolant, it is necessary to research the liquid permeability of the internal structure and the damage process thereof under the condition of adding the seepage agent. The internal structure damage process is difficult to determine through simple and convenient tests, and the evolution process of the internal pore structure of the material needs to be deeply researched through an in-situ mechanical property test, so that the damage rule is revealed, and a theoretical basis is provided for engineering application and evaluation of the material.
Researchers at home and abroad have limited research on material internal structure and mathematical models of typical defects, evolution mechanisms of material defects under the action of external loads, and numerical prediction models of performance of materials containing defects. The method is still in a starting stage in the working aspect of integration of digital reconstruction based on high-energy X-ray three-dimensional imaging, efficient finite element modeling and material performance and service life prediction. In order to realize the performance prediction of the material under different service conditions accurately and efficiently, a material internal pore structure damage model is urgently needed to be established, an in-situ synchrotron radiation three-dimensional imaging mechanical loading system based on a complex environment is established, and the material performance research of a pore structure evolution rule based on the high-energy X-ray three-dimensional imaging image big data reconstruction is carried out.
The combination of the miniature in-situ monotonic compression material testing machine and the advanced X-ray imaging enables scientists to go deep into the material, and the damage and fracture process and the internal mechanical property of the material under monotonic compression load can be detected in real time in a high-precision, high-brightness, high-collimation, high-efficiency, non-destructive and in-situ manner; meanwhile, the invention can explore the liquid permeability of the internal pore structure of the material under the compressive load and the structural damage process thereof under the condition of externally connecting a seepage device, and has irreplaceable scientific significance for the engineering application and the mechanical property evaluation of the material. The testing machine structure in the current market and other patents can not be matched with high-energy X-ray to carry out precise monotonous loading test. Firstly, the size and the quality of a standard monotonic loading tester exceed the bearing range of synchrotron radiation light source equipment, and the in-situ observation of a monotonic loading test cannot be realized; secondly, the existing in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source cannot realize the closed-loop control of the monotonic loading test through a data acquisition and control unit; thirdly, the existing in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source can only carry out a monotonous tensile test and does not have monotonous compression performance; fourthly, the conventional in-situ testing machine based on an advanced light source cannot accurately measure the displacement of the sample in the monotonic loading test process; fifthly, the monotonous load of the existing in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source is small, and the monotonous loading test under high load cannot be realized; sixth, the current in-situ testing machine based on the advanced light source cannot synchronously perform the liquid permeation test of the material in the process of performing the monotonic loading test.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an electrically controlled compression tester and a testing method for in-situ imaging with high-energy X-rays.
The invention relates to an electric control compression tester for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays, which has the structure that:
a sample rotating platform is fixedly arranged on the XY micro-displacement platform through bolts, a testing machine base plate is fixedly arranged on the sample rotating platform through bolts, and a servo motor, a screw rod lifting platform and a worm gear reducer are fixedly arranged on the testing machine base plate through bolts;
the top of the screw rod lifting platform is supported by a bolt fixing testing machine, and an enclosure lower support and an enclosure upper support are arranged on the testing machine support; the lower end of the enclosure is arranged on the lower support of the enclosure through the lower fixture block of the enclosure, and the upper end of the enclosure is arranged on the upper support of the enclosure through the upper fixture block of the enclosure.
The testing machine support is provided with a laser displacement sensor, and the long end of the laser displacement sensor is inserted into a cavity reserved in the lower support of the enclosure.
The servo motor is fixedly connected with a worm gear reducer through a flange plate, the worm gear reducer penetrates through a shell of the screw rod lifter to be connected with a worm, the worm is matched with a worm wheel, the worm wheel shaft is connected with a screw rod, the top of the screw rod is provided with a miniature dynamic load sensor, and the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor is provided with a connecting block.
The two ends of the worm are respectively provided with a worm sealing ring and a worm thrust bearing, and the two ends of the worm wheel are respectively provided with a worm wheel sealing ring and a worm thrust bearing.
The supporting top of the enclosure is provided with a clamp fixing seat, and a compression clamp assembly (or a stretching clamp assembly) is arranged between the clamp fixing seat and the connecting block.
And a light source X-ray emitter and a light source X-ray receiver are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the enclosure.
Wherein, the compression clamp subassembly is: the compression lower clamp is fixed on the connecting block, a groove for placing a compression sample is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp, the upper end of the compression upper clamp corresponding to the compression lower clamp penetrates out through a hole reserved in the middle of the support on the enclosure, the penetrating part of the compression upper clamp is in threaded fit with the fixing part a of the upper clamp, and the fixing part a of the upper clamp is fixed on the clamp fixing seat through the fixing part b of the upper clamp.
Wherein, tensile anchor clamps subassembly is: the lower stretching clamp a is fixed on the connecting block, the lower stretching clamp b is in threaded fit with the lower stretching clamp a, and the lower end of the tensile sample is fixed between the lower stretching clamp b and the lower stretching clamp a; the upper stretching clamp a and the upper stretching clamp b are matched through threads to fix the upper end of the stretching sample; the upper end of the upper stretching clamp b penetrates through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support of the enclosure, the penetrating part of the upper stretching clamp b is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a, and the upper clamp fixing a is fixed on the clamp fixing seat through the upper clamp fixing b.
Further, the enclosure is made of acrylic, quartz or carbon fiber.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor and the miniature dynamic load sensor are connected with a computer through data lines, and the computer controls the servo motor to act, so that a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system is formed.
Further, the sample rotating platform can rotate by 0-180 degrees.
Further, the monotonic load applied to the sample by the servo motor ranged from-5 kN to 5 kN.
The invention relates to an electric control compression test method for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays, which comprises the following steps:
a1, building the electric control monotonic loading testing machine for in-situ imaging, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, the XY micro-displacement platform is adjusted by using a laser positioning system according to the position of the light source X-ray, so that the position of the compressed sample required to be imaged is positioned within the X-ray irradiation range.
A2, controlling a servo motor to rotate through a computer, slowing down the rotating speed through a worm gear reducer and transmitting the rotation to an input shaft of a screw rod lifting platform, slowing down the rotating speed again through a worm wheel and a worm in the screw rod lifting platform, converting the rotary motion of the servo motor into the up-and-down motion of a screw rod, and driving a connecting block to generate up-and-down displacement through the screw rod.
A3, the miniature dynamic sensor measures the load borne by the compressed sample in real time and transmits the load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block, a penetrating hole is drilled in the lower compression clamp, and the displacement data of the compressed sample is measured in real time by using a laser displacement sensor and transmitted to a computer; the computer obtains a stress-strain curve of the compressed sample in real time after the processing of the software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine; and when the stress or strain of the compression sample reaches the stop requirement of a certain stage of the test, stopping the loading of the testing machine.
A4, connecting two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of the compression sample with a hydraulic pump arranged outside through two plastic water pipes, injecting liquid into the compression sample, and keeping the hydraulic pressure unchanged to form the liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump-the plastic water pipe-the compression sample-the plastic water pipe-the hydraulic pump.
A5, after test preparation is completed, starting a light source X-ray emitter, controlling a sample rotating platform to rotate, and driving a test machine main body and a compressed sample in the main body to rotate for 180 degrees; meanwhile, high-energy X-rays of the light source penetrate through the enclosure and then penetrate through the compressed sample rotating by 180 degrees and then are received by the light source X-ray detector, so that 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample and the penetration condition of the liquid in the compressed sample is completed; and stopping penetrating the liquid after imaging is finished, continuously carrying out monotonic stress loading required by the next test on the compressed sample, and repeating the operations until the set cycle number for completing the test is reached.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the testing machine is an in-situ compression material testing device which has the characteristics of high precision, larger load, small volume, light weight, monotonous compression and the like, can be well compatible with a synchrotron radiation light source testing platform, meets the requirements of the sample platform on weight and size, can rotate 180 degrees along with a light source rotating platform, and can monitor the internal structure and typical defects of a material at each monotonous loading stress level in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing an overall configuration of a testing machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a screw rod lifter of the testing machine of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the lower clamp and enclosure of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fixture and enclosure of the testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the high-energy X-ray imaging of the tester of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a compression clip assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stretch clip assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
The structure of the electric control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a sample rotating platform 2 is fixedly arranged on the XY micro-displacement platform 1 through bolts, a testing machine bottom plate 3 is fixedly arranged on the sample rotating platform 2 through bolts, and a servo motor 4, a screw rod lifting platform 5 and a worm gear reducer 13 are fixedly arranged on the testing machine bottom plate 3 through bolts;
the top of the screw rod lifting platform 5 is fixed with a testing machine support 6 through a bolt, and a surrounding cover lower support 8 and a surrounding cover upper support 10 are arranged on the testing machine support 6. As shown in fig. 3, the lower end of the enclosure 26 is mounted on the enclosure lower support 8 via the enclosure lower clips 25, while the upper end of the enclosure 26 is mounted on the enclosure upper support 10 via the enclosure upper clips 33.
The testing machine support 6 is provided with a laser displacement sensor 7, and the long end of the laser displacement sensor 7 is inserted into a cavity reserved in the enclosure lower support 8.
The servo motor 4 is fixedly connected with a worm gear reducer 13 through a flange 12, and the worm gear reducer 13 penetrates through a lead screw elevator shell 15 to be connected with a worm 22. As shown in fig. 2, a worm 22 is matched with a worm wheel 17, a worm sealing ring 21 and a worm thrust bearing 23 are respectively arranged at two ends of the worm 22, a worm sealing ring 16 and a worm thrust bearing 18 are respectively arranged at two ends of the worm wheel 17, the worm wheel 17 is connected with a screw rod 19, a miniature dynamic load sensor 20 is arranged at the top of the screw rod 19, and a connecting block 27 is arranged at the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor 20.
The top of the upper support 10 of the enclosure is provided with a clamp fixing seat 11, and a compression clamp assembly (or a stretching clamp assembly) is arranged between the clamp fixing seat 11 and the connecting block 27.
As shown in FIG. 5, a light source X-ray emitter 34 and a light source X-ray receptor 36 are mounted on opposite sides of the enclosure 26.
Wherein, the compression clamp assembly is shown in fig. 6, and specifically comprises: the compression lower clamp 37 is fixed on the connecting block 27, a groove for placing the compression sample 38 is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp 37, the upper end of the compression upper clamp 39 corresponding to the compression lower clamp 37 penetrates through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support 10 of the enclosure, the penetrating part of the compression upper clamp 39 is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a31, and the upper clamp fixing a31 is fixed on the clamp fixing seat 11 through the upper clamp fixing b 32.
Wherein, the stretching clamp assembly is shown in fig. 7, and specifically comprises: the lower stretching clamp a24 is fixed on the connecting block 27, the lower stretching clamp b14 is in threaded fit with the lower stretching clamp a24, and the lower end of the tensile test sample 9 is fixed between the lower stretching clamp b14 and the lower stretching clamp a 24; the tensile upper clamp a28 and the tensile upper clamp b29 fix the upper end of the tensile specimen 9 by screw-fitting. As shown in fig. 4, the upper end of the upper stretching clamp b29 passes through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper enclosure support 10, the passing part of the upper stretching clamp b29 is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a31, and the upper clamp fixing a31 is fixed on the clamp fixing seat 11 through the upper clamp fixing b 32.
Furthermore, the enclosure 26 is designed by simple nesting and fixture block fixing connection, and can perform a monotonic compression test and a tensile test; for the experiment based on high-energy X-ray imaging, the supporting structure needs to be made of materials which absorb less X-rays and have higher strength, such as acrylic materials, quartz, carbon fibers and the like, preferably high-specific-strength acrylic materials, and the designed cylindrical supporting structure has smaller and uniform influence on X-ray penetration and does not influence the later-stage imaging data processing.
Further, the laser displacement sensor 7 is used for directly and accurately measuring the displacement of the sample in the loading process, and the miniature dynamic force sensor 20 is used for measuring the load borne by the sample in the loading process in real time; the collected data is fed back to the computer, and the computer controls the servo motor 4 to actuate to form a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system.
Furthermore, the sample rotating platform 2 can rotate by 0-180 degrees, and the internal structure and typical defects of the material under each monotonous loading stress level can be monitored in real time.
Further, the servo motor 4 is actuated, the two-stage worm gear reducer is decelerated, and the monotonic load applied to the sample is in a range of-5 kN to 0kN when a monotonic compression test is carried out; when the monotonic tensile test is performed, the monotonic load applied to the sample is in the range of 0kN to 5 kN.
Furthermore, in the process of carrying out the monotonic compression test, the liquid permeation test of the material can be synchronously carried out, and the process of damaging the material permeability and the internal pores under the condition of externally applied compression load and seepage liquid is observed in situ through X rays.
Furthermore, the XY micro-displacement platform 1 at the bottom can accurately adjust the position of the sample in the horizontal plane, so that the consistency of the axis of the sample and the axis of the advanced sample rotating platform 2 is ensured, and the position accuracy and the imaging representation quality of the sample in the experimental process are improved.
Monotonic compression test method:
a1, building the electric control monotonic loading testing machine for in-situ imaging, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, the XY micro-displacement platform 1 is adjusted by using a laser positioning system according to the position of the light source X-ray, so that the position of the compressed sample 38 required to be imaged is positioned within the X-ray irradiation range.
A2, controlling the servo motor 4 to rotate through the computer, slowing down the rotating speed through the worm gear reducer 13 and transmitting the rotation to the input shaft of the screw rod lifting platform 5, slowing down the rotating speed again through the worm wheel 17 and the worm 22 in the screw rod lifting platform 5, converting the rotating motion of the servo motor 4 into the up-and-down motion of the screw rod 19, and driving the connecting block 27 to generate the up-and-down displacement by the screw rod 19. The compression upper jig 39 is fixed to the tester main body by using the upper jig fixing a31 and the upper jig fixing b32, and when the compression lower jig 37 is displaced upward, the monotonous compression test is performed on the compression sample 38, and the compression stress is generated in the compression sample 38.
A3, the miniature dynamic sensor 20 measures the load on the compressed sample 38 in real time and transmits the load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block 27, a penetrating hole is drilled in the lower compression clamp 37, the displacement data of the compression sample 38 is measured in real time by using the laser displacement sensor 7, and the displacement data is transmitted to a computer; the computer obtains the stress-strain curve of the compressed sample 38 in real time after the processing of the software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor 4 to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine; when the stress or strain of the compressive specimen 38 reaches the stop requirement at a certain stage of the test, the loading of the test machine is stopped.
A4, if the liquid penetration test of the material is to be carried out synchronously in the monotonic compression test process, two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of the compression sample 38 are connected with an external hydraulic pump through two plastic water pipes, liquid is injected into the compression sample, the hydraulic pressure is kept unchanged, and the liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump-plastic water pipe-compression sample-plastic water pipe-hydraulic pump is formed (the liquid flowing out of the sample is collected and measured statistically, and the liquid does not flow into the hydraulic pump any more).
A5, after the test preparation is finished, starting the light source X-ray emitter 34, controlling the sample rotating platform 2 to rotate, and driving the test machine main body and the compressed sample 38 in the main body to rotate for 180 degrees; meanwhile, high-energy X-ray 35 of the light source penetrates through the enclosure 26, penetrates through the compressed sample 38 rotating by 180 degrees, and is received by the light source X-ray detector 36, so that 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample 38 and the permeation condition of the liquid in the compressed sample 38 is completed; and stopping the permeation of the liquid after the imaging is finished, continuing to perform the monotonous stress required by the next test on the compressed sample 38, and repeating the operations until the set cycle number of the finished test is reached. A monotonic tensile test can also be performed, specifically:
b1, building the in-situ imaging electric control monotonic loading testing machine, and selecting a stretching clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, the XY micro-displacement platform 1 is adjusted by using a laser positioning system according to the position of the light source X-ray, so that the position of the tensile sample 9, which needs to be imaged, is within the X-ray irradiation range.
B2, controlling the servo motor 4 to rotate through the computer, slowing down the rotating speed through the worm gear reducer 13 and transmitting the rotation to the input shaft of the screw rod lifting platform 5, slowing down the rotating speed again through the worm wheel 17 and the worm 22 in the screw rod lifting platform 5, converting the rotating motion of the servo motor 4 into the up-and-down motion of the screw rod 19, and driving the connecting block 27 to generate the up-and-down displacement by the screw rod 19. The upper clamp 29 is fixed on the testing machine body by using an upper clamp fixing a31 and an upper clamp fixing b32, and when the lower clamp a24 is stretched to generate upward displacement, a monotonous compression test is carried out on the tensile sample 9, so that the sample generates compressive stress; when the tensile lower jig a24 is displaced downward, a monotonic tensile test is performed on the tensile specimen 9, and a tensile stress is generated in the specimen.
B3, the miniature dynamic sensor 20 measures the load on the tensile sample 9 in real time and transmits the load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block 27, a penetrating hole is drilled in the lower stretching clamp a24, the displacement data of the stretching sample 9 is measured in real time by using the laser displacement sensor 7, and the displacement data is transmitted to a computer; the computer obtains the stress-strain curve of the tensile sample 9 in real time after the processing of the software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor 4 to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine.
B4, stopping the loading of the testing machine when the stress or strain of the tensile sample 9 reaches the stop requirement of a certain stage of the test; starting a light source X-ray emitter 34, controlling the sample rotating platform 2 to rotate, and driving the main body of the testing machine and the tensile sample 9 in the main body to rotate for 180 degrees; meanwhile, the high-energy X-ray 35 of the light source penetrates through the enclosure 26, penetrates through the tensile sample 9 rotating by 180 degrees, and is received by the light source X-ray detector 36, so that 180-degree imaging of the tensile sample 9 is completed; the monotonic stress required to be loaded for the test of the tensile specimen 9 is continued, and the above operations are repeated until the set number of cycles for completing the test is reached.
In conclusion, the invention provides indispensable technical equipment for researching the evolution of defects, cracks and permeability of various materials (such as metal alloys, composite materials, porous materials and the like) in the monotonic loading process.
Claims (7)
1. An electronic control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays is characterized in that an XY micro-displacement platform (1) is fixedly provided with a sample rotating platform (2) through bolts, the sample rotating platform (2) is fixedly provided with a testing machine base plate (3) through bolts, and the testing machine base plate (3) is fixedly provided with a servo motor (4), a lead screw lifting platform (5) and a worm and gear reducer (13) through bolts;
the top of the screw rod lifting platform (5) is fixed with a testing machine support (6) through a bolt, and a lower enclosure support (8) and an upper enclosure support (10) are arranged on the testing machine support (6); the lower end of the enclosure (26) is arranged on the enclosure lower support (8) through an enclosure lower clamping block (25), and the upper end of the enclosure (26) is arranged on the enclosure upper support (10) through an enclosure upper clamping block (33);
the testing machine support (6) is provided with a laser displacement sensor (7), and the long end of the laser displacement sensor (7) is inserted into a cavity reserved in the enclosure lower support (8);
the servo motor (4) is fixedly connected with a worm and gear reducer (13) through a flange plate (12), the worm and gear reducer (13) penetrates through a lead screw elevator shell (15) to be connected with a worm (22), the worm (22) is matched with a turbine (17), the turbine (17) is connected with a lead screw (19) in a shaft mode, the top of the lead screw (19) is provided with a miniature dynamic load sensor (20), and the bottom of the miniature dynamic load sensor (20) is provided with a connecting block (27);
two ends of the worm (22) are respectively provided with a worm sealing ring (21) and a worm thrust bearing (23), and two ends of the worm wheel (17) are respectively provided with a worm wheel sealing ring (16) and a worm wheel thrust bearing (18);
a clamp fixing seat (11) is arranged at the top of the upper support (10) of the enclosure, and a compression clamp assembly is arranged between the clamp fixing seat (11) and the connecting block (27);
and a light source X-ray emitter (34) and a light source X-ray receiver (36) are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the enclosure (26).
2. An electronically controlled compression tester for in situ imaging with high energy X-rays as in claim 1 wherein said compression clamp assembly is: the compression lower clamp (37) is fixed on the connecting block (27), a groove for placing a compression sample (38) is formed in the top of the compression lower clamp (37), the upper end of the compression upper clamp (39) corresponding to the compression lower clamp (37) penetrates through a hole reserved in the middle of the upper support (10) of the enclosure, the penetrating part of the compression upper clamp (39) is in threaded fit with the upper clamp fixing a (31), and the upper clamp fixing a (31) is fixed on the clamp fixing seat (11) through the upper clamp fixing b (32).
3. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure (26) is made of acrylic, quartz or carbon fiber.
4. The electric control compression testing machine for in-situ imaging by high-energy X-rays as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the laser displacement sensor (7) and the miniature dynamic load sensor (20) are connected with a computer through data lines, and the computer controls the servo motor (4) to act so as to form a load-displacement closed-loop electric control system.
5. The electrically controlled compression tester for in-situ imaging with high-energy X-rays as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sample rotation platform (2) can rotate 0-180 °.
6. An electrically controlled compression tester for in-situ imaging with high-energy X-rays as in claim 1, characterized in that the monotonic load applied by the servo motor (4) to the sample ranges from-5 kN to 5 kN.
7. An electric control compression test method for in-situ imaging by using high-energy X-rays is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, constructing an in-situ imaging electric control monotonic loading tester according to claim 1, and selecting a compression clamp assembly; after the construction is finished, a laser positioning system is used for adjusting the XY micro-displacement platform (1) according to the position of the light source X-ray, so that the position of the compressed sample (38) which needs to be imaged is positioned within the X-ray irradiation range;
a2, controlling a servo motor (4) to rotate through a computer, slowing down the rotating speed through a worm gear reducer (13) and transmitting the rotation to an input shaft of a screw rod lifting platform (5), slowing down the rotating speed again through a turbine (17) and a worm (22) in the screw rod lifting platform (5), converting the rotating motion of the servo motor (4) into the up-and-down motion of a screw rod (19), and driving a connecting block (27) to generate up-and-down displacement through the screw rod (19);
a3, the miniature dynamic sensor (20) measures the load on the compressed sample (38) in real time and transmits the load data to the computer; a cavity is arranged in the connecting block (27), a penetrating hole is drilled in the compression lower clamp (37), and the displacement data of the compression sample (38) is measured in real time by using the laser displacement sensor (7) and transmitted to the computer; the computer obtains a stress-strain curve of the compressed sample (38) in real time after processing through software, and when the stress or strain of the sample meets the test requirement, the computer controls the servo motor (4) to perform the next action so as to realize the closed-loop control of the testing machine; when the stress or strain of the compression sample (38) reaches the stop requirement of a certain stage of the test, stopping the loading of the testing machine;
a4, connecting two small holes at the upper end and the lower end of a compression sample (38) with a hydraulic pump arranged outside through two plastic water pipes, injecting liquid into the compression sample, and keeping the hydraulic pressure unchanged to form liquid circulation of the hydraulic pump-the plastic water pipe-the compression sample-the plastic water pipe-the hydraulic pump;
a5, after test preparation is completed, starting a light source X-ray emitter (34), controlling a sample rotating platform (2) to rotate, and driving a test machine main body and a compressed sample (38) in the main body to rotate for 180 degrees; meanwhile, a high-energy X-ray (35) of the light source penetrates through the enclosure 26 and then penetrates through the compressed sample (38) rotating by 180 degrees, and then the high-energy X-ray is received by the light source X-ray detector (36), so that 180-degree imaging of the compressed sample (38) and the permeation condition of the liquid in the compressed sample is completed; and stopping the permeation of the liquid after the imaging is finished, continuing to perform the monotonous stress required by the next test on the compressed sample (38), and repeating the operations until the set cycle number of finishing the test is reached.
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