CN110907289A

CN110907289A - Shear displacement measurement system of torsional shear apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN110907289A
Application number: CN201911118440.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘占磊; 施建勇; 艾英钵
Original assignee: Hohai University HHU
Current assignee: Hohai University HHU
Priority date: 2019-11-15
Filing date: 2019-11-15
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a shear displacement measuring system of a torsional shear apparatus, belonging to the technical field of civil engineering test equipment and comprising a host frame, a pressure plate device and a photographing device, the pressure plate device is arranged on the frame of the host machine and comprises an upper pressure plate and a lower pressure plate for placing a sample, the upper pressure plate is connected with a shaft pressure system for driving the upper pressure plate to move up and down, the lower pressure plate is connected with a torque system for driving the lower pressure plate to rotate horizontally, and a photographing device, the real-time shearing displacement measuring device is used for measuring the real-time shearing displacement of the sample in the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate, the sample in the upper pressure plate is driven by the shaft pressing system to move downwards to be contacted with the sample in the lower pressure plate, the lower pressure plate is driven by the torque system to rotate, the real-time shearing displacement of the sample in the upper pressure plate and the sample in the lower pressure plate are measured by the photographing device, therefore, the defect that the shear displacement of each layer of material cannot be measured in real time when the conventional geotechnical instrument carries out the interface shear test of the composite liner system is overcome.

Description

Shear displacement measurement system of torsional shear apparatus

Technical Field

The invention relates to a shear displacement measurement system of a torsional shear apparatus, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering test equipment.

Background

With the economic development and the enlargement of urban scale, the increasing output of urban solid wastes and the accumulation of wastes to be treated become the problems which must be solved in the urban development, and the most effective garbage treatment method in the current stage of China is deep landfill. Modern sanitary landfill engineering is in a trend of high and large development, the overall stability is an important precondition for realizing sanitary and safe operation of a refuse landfill, the strength of a liner system is important for the overall stability of the landfill, and the interface shearing characteristic of the liner system mainly composed of geosynthetics becomes an important factor for controlling the stability and translational damage analysis of the modern sanitary landfill engineering. The liner system in the modern sanitary landfill engineering mainly comprises: geosynthetics such as geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets, GCL liners, and the like, as well as sand and clay. To study the mechanical properties between different geomaterials in a liner system, an overall shear test must be performed strictly in accordance with the composition of the liner system.

The conventional geotechnical instrument has the defect that the shearing displacement of each layer of material cannot be measured in real time when the interface shearing test of the composite liner system is carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a shear displacement measuring system of a torsional shear apparatus.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a shear displacement measuring system of a torsional shear apparatus comprises an upper pressure plate connected with a shaft pressure system, a lower pressure plate connected with a torque system and a detection device capable of detecting the real-time shear displacement of a sample, wherein the lower pressure plate and the upper pressure plate are respectively provided with respective sample accommodating grooves; the sample of arranging in last pressure disk sample storage tank is overlapped with the sample of arranging in down pressure disk sample storage tank under the drive of axial compression system and is pressed, and the pressure disk is rotatory under the torque system drive, and two samples take place to turn round under the dual function of the axial force of the output of axial compression system and the torsional force of torque system output and cut the displacement volume in real time through detection device acquisition sample.

Further, the detection device comprises an inner camera, a peripheral camera, and an outer ring-folding group and an inner ring-folding group which are coaxially arranged; the outer overlapping ring group comprises a plurality of overlapping outer overlapping rings, graduated scales are carved on the outer peripheral walls of the outer overlapping rings, the graduated scales on the outer overlapping rings are not shielded, a water bath cover covers the periphery of the outer overlapping ring group, a water bath cover indicating line is arranged on the side wall of the water bath cover along the axial direction, and the water bath cover indicating line is located in the shooting range of a peripheral camera; the inner ring folding assembly comprises a plurality of inner ring folding rings which are overlapped, graduated scales are carved on the inner circumferential wall of each inner ring folding ring, the graduated scales on the inner ring folding rings are not shielded, an inner glass cylinder is further arranged inside the inner ring folding assembly, an inner glass cylinder indicating line is arranged on the cylinder wall of the inner glass cylinder along the axial direction, a reflective mirror is arranged in the inner glass cylinder, and the inner camera acquires scale images on the inner ring folding assembly through the reflective mirror.

Furthermore, the bottoms of the outer ring folding group and the inner ring folding group are respectively connected with universal wheels, and the universal wheels are supported on the lower pressing disc through universal wheel supports.

Further, an inner ring-overlapping baffle and an outer ring-overlapping baffle are connected to the upper platen in a contact manner, and the inner ring-overlapping baffle and the outer ring-overlapping baffle are matched to form an annular upper platen sample accommodating groove; during the torsional shear test, the inner ring-overlapping baffle plate is sleeved on the periphery of the inner ring-overlapping group, and the outer ring-overlapping baffle plate is sleeved inside the outer ring-overlapping group.

Furthermore, the lower pressure plate is connected with an inner check ring and an outer check ring in a contact manner, the inner check ring and the outer check ring are matched to form an annular lower pressure plate sample accommodating groove, and the upper pressure plate sample accommodating groove is equal to the lower pressure plate sample accommodating groove in size and opposite to the notch.

Furthermore, a plurality of pore pressure sensors are arranged on the inner ring-overlapping baffle, the outer ring-overlapping baffle, the inner retainer ring and the outer retainer ring, the shaft pressure system is provided with a load sensor capable of detecting the shaft pressure output by the shaft pressure system, and the torque system is provided with a torque sensor capable of detecting the torque output by the torque system; the processor controls the shaft pressure output by the shaft pressure system according to a closed loop system formed by an actuator and a load sensor in the shaft pressure system, and controls the torque output by the torque system according to a closed loop system formed by a servo motor and a torque sensor in the torque system.

Further, the inner ring-overlapping baffle and the outer ring-overlapping baffle are respectively connected to the upper pressure plate through a first adjusting screw rod, and a first adjusting spring is sleeved on the first adjusting screw rod; the inner retainer ring and the outer retainer ring are connected to the lower pressure plate through second adjusting screws respectively, and second adjusting springs are sleeved on the second adjusting screws in a sleeved mode.

Furthermore, a water tank bottom plate is connected to the lower pressing disc in a rotating and sealing mode, and the water bath cover is arranged on the water tank bottom plate.

Furthermore, a sample holding piece fixedly connected with the upper pressure plate is arranged in the sample containing groove of the upper pressure plate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the sample in the sample containing groove of the upper pressure plate is overlapped with the sample in the sample containing groove of the lower pressure plate under the driving of the axial pressure system, the lower pressure plate is driven to rotate by the torque system, the two samples are subjected to torsional shearing under the dual actions of the axial force output by the axial pressure system and the torsional force output by the torque system, the real-time shearing displacement of the sample is obtained by the detection device, and the defect that the shearing displacement of each layer of material cannot be measured in real time when the conventional geotechnical instrument is used for carrying out the interface shearing test of the composite liner system is overcome.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a large static multi-function twist shear;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a left cross-sectional view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a main sectional view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 8 is a rotary sectional view of a main frame of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a large static multi-function torsional shear axial compression system in rotation;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a torque system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus torque system in rotation;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of an amplifying disc device of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an enlarged disk apparatus of a large static multi-function twist shear apparatus;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a cart assembly of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus and a partial cross-sectional view of a guide wheel;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 17 is a rotary cross-sectional view of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a platen device of a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a platen assembly of the shear displacement measurement system of the large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus in rotation;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view and a sectional view of a main frame worktable of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shearing apparatus;

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of a guide beam of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a carrier bar of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus axial compression system;

FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram and a sectional view of a transition connection disc on a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view and a sectional view of a forced torsion structure of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system;

FIG. 25 is a schematic structural view of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus lock nut;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a press plate surface structure of a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of a short external overlapping ring structure and a partial sectional view of a shearing displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a stacked ring structure and a partial cross-sectional view in a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 29 is a top plan view and partial cross-sectional view of a bottom plate of a water trough of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system;

FIG. 30 is a schematic structural view and a partial sectional view of an inner and outer ring retainer ring of a shearing displacement measurement system of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 31 is a schematic structural view and a sectional view of a mirror device of a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view and a partial sectional view of a universal wheel device of a shear displacement measurement system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 33 is a schematic view of the upper and peripheral camera mount configuration of a large static multi-function shear displacement measurement system;

FIG. 34 is a schematic structural view and a sectional view of a water bath cover and an inner glass cylinder of a shear displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 35 is a schematic view and a sectional view of a combined structure of a leg and a leg shoe of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system;

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a sealing cover structure and a partial cross-sectional view of a torque system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus;

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a clay or sand layer ring sample structure;

fig. 38 is a schematic view of a geosynthetic specimen loop structure.

In the figure: 1001. an upper cross beam, 1002, a positioning sleeve, 1003, an upper vertical plate, 1004, a workbench, 1004-1, an amplifying disc device encoder installation groove, 1004-2, a pull rod installation groove, 1004-3, a trolley device guide rail installation hole, 1004-4, an eye bolt installation hole, 1004-5, a torque system installation hole, 1004-6, a trolley device guide rail support installation hole, 1005, a pull rod, 1006, an angle iron supporting leg, 1007, a ground pedal, 1008, a side cover plate, 1009, a front cover plate, 1010, a rear cover plate, 1011, a wire outlet plate, 1012, a gasket, 1013, a nut, 1014, a speed reducer connection seat, 1015, an anchor screw I, 1016, an upper vertical protective cover, 1101, an actuator, 1102, a screw rod, 1103, a locking ring 1104, a load sensor, 1105, a load beam, 1105-1, a load beam installation hole, 1105-2, a load beam positioning lock installation groove, 1105-3, a load beam load sensor installation hole, 1106. positioning lock, 1107, guide beam, 1107-1, guide beam carrier beam mounting hole, 1107-2, guide beam slider mounting hole, 1107-3, guide beam torque system upper transition connection disc mounting hole, 1108, stress torsion, 1108-1, stress torsion positioning lock mounting groove, 1109, upper transition connection disc, 1109-1, upper transition connection disc flat key mounting groove, 1109-2, upper transition connection disc bolt mounting groove, 1109-3, upper transition connection disc positioning pin mounting hole, 1110, lower lock nut, 1111, upper dust cover I, 1112, tapered roller bearing I, 1113, upper dust cover II, 1114, upper back cover plate, 1115, upper front cover plate, 1116, slider, 1117, sliding rail, 1118, guide rail baffle, 1119, linear displacement sensor waveguide tube, 1120, linear displacement sensor active magnet, 1201, lower stress shaft, speed reducer, 1203. the motor, 1204, sealing cover plate, 1205, pressure plate, 1206, lip oil seal of inner package framework rotating shaft, 1207, O-shaped sealing ring, 1208, stop block, 1209, torque sensor, 1301, large pulley assembly, 1302, outer cover, 1303, upper cover, 1304, small pulley assembly, 1305, dust cover, 1306, base, 1307, encoder bracket, 1308, synchronous belt, 1309, encoder, 1310, coupler, 1311, small pulley bearing, 1401, upper pressure plate, 1402, pressure plate surface, 1402-1, pressure plate surface mounting hole, 1402-2, pressure plate surface steel nail hole, 1402-3, pressure plate surface portable adjusting hole, 1402-4, pressure plate surface positioning groove, 1402-5, pressure plate surface flat key mounting groove, 1403, inner ring retainer ring, 1403-1, inner ring retainer ring, outer ring retainer ring, 1403-2, inner ring retainer ring, inner ring, outer ring retainer ring, 1405, cylindrical pin, 1406. spring 1407 adjusting screw rod, 1408 upper camera bracket, 1409 industrial camera, 1410 steel nail, 1411 flat key, 1412 locating pin, 1413 lower pressure plate, 1414 sealing retainer ring, 1415 water tank bottom plate, 1415-1 camera bracket II mounting hole around the water tank bottom plate, 1415-2 water tank bottom plate groove sealing washer mounting groove, 1415-3 water tank bottom plate groove rotating framework oil seal mounting groove, 1415-4 water tank bottom plate groove sealing retainer ring mounting groove, 1415-5 water tank bottom plate water inlet and outlet threaded hole, 1416 water bath cover, 1416-1 water bath cover indicating line, 1416-2 water bath cover mounting hole, 1417 inner glass cylinder, 1417-1 inner glass cylinder indicating line, 1417-2 inner glass cylinder mounting hole, 1417-3 inner glass cylinder reflector bracket II mounting hole, 1418 reflector bracket I, 9 reflector bracket II, 1419-1, mirror support I adjustment fixing holes, 1420, short outer lap ring I, 1421, short outer lap ring II, 1422, short outer lap ring III, 1423, short outer lap ring IV, 1424, short outer lap ring V, 1420-, 1441. groove seal gasket 1442. peripheral camera support III, 1443. rotating frame oil seal,

elbow hole

1444, 1501. support beam 1502. front baffle, 1503. guide rail support, 1504. support, 1505. guide wheel, 1506. guide shaft, 1507. guide sleeve, 1508. guide rail, 1509. rear baffle, 1510. carriage flat plate, 1511. guide rail support leg, 1512. connecting column, 1513. anchor screw II, 1514 guide rail bearing.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus of the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus mainly comprises six subsystems, namely a host frame 1000, a shaft pressure system 1100, a torque system 1200, an amplifying disc device 1300, a shear displacement measurement system 1400, an adjustment cart device 1500, and a control system; the main frame adopts a frame structure, and a shaft compression system 1100, a torque system 1200, an amplifying disc device 1300, a shearing displacement measuring system 1400 and an adjusting cart device 1500 are arranged on the main frame 1000 according to the figure 1; the size and strength parameters of the host frame 1000 are designed according to the technical indexes of the axial compression system 1100 and the torque system 1200, and the control system meets basic functions of data acquisition, control decision, control output and the like. The test process can be automatically controlled by the computer, and manual control can be performed by the computer, namely, the open loop and the closed loop can be selected; the system can realize various control functions such as force control, displacement control and the like in a whole closed-loop control state, and can realize arbitrary impact-free smooth switching of a control mode and a control rate; the whole test process can be monitored, measured automatically, analyzed and stored with test data, drawn automatically, stored with test curve, etc.; the hydraulic system has overload protection functions such as overload protection, oil cylinder stroke limit protection, hydraulic system maximum pressure protection and overcurrent and overspeed protection.

Fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 are a front view, a left view and a top view of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, respectively, and illustrate the structural configuration of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus of the present invention from different angles. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, it can be known that the lower end of a base plate 1007 on the lower end surface of a mainframe frame 1000 is provided with a foundation screw 1015, and the operation stability of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus of the present invention can be enhanced by fixing the foundation screw 1015 on an equipment foundation. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the axial compression system 1100 is installed in the upper half of the main frame, wherein the actuator 1101 is installed on the upper portion of the upper cross beam 1001 through bolts, the rest of the upper cross beam 1001 is installed on the lower portion of the upper cross beam 1101, the actuator 1101 controls the screw 1102 (see fig. 10) to connect and control the rest of the axial compression system 1100 to perform vertical displacement movement, the rest of the axial compression system 1100 is limited to only perform vertical movement through the linear guide slider, and the slide 1117 and the slider 1116 are respectively installed on the main frame 1000 and the axial compression system 1100; the upper pressure plate 1401 is positioned at the lower end of the axial compression system 1100, is connected with the upper transition connecting disc through a bolt and has the function of providing axial pressure of a sample; an upper vertical protective cover is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rail 1117 and used for limiting the upstream displacement of the guide beam 1107 of the axial compression system 1100 to play a role in protection; the lower end of the sliding rail 1117 is provided with a guide rail baffle plate for limiting the downstream total displacement of the guide beam 1107 of the axial compression system 1100 so as to play a role in protection. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the shear displacement measurement system 1400 is mounted on the table 1004 of the mainframe frame 1000, and the levelness of the floor 1415 of the water trough and the distance from the upper surface of the table 1004 are controlled and adjusted by the legs 1435 and the leg shoes 1436; magnifying disk apparatus 1300 is also mounted on table 1004 and located under shear displacement measurement system 1400; the shear displacement measurement system 1400 is mounted with two peripheral camera mounts 1433 and 1434 facing the front and rear sides of the mainframe frame 1000, respectively. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the adjustment cart device 1500 is installed at the front end of the main frame 1000, the rail mounts 1503 are installed on the cart device rail mount holes 1004-6 of the working table 1004 by bolts, the rails 1508 are installed on the cart device rail mount holes 1004-3 of the working table 1004 by bolts, the rest of the adjustment cart device 1500 is connected with the rails 1508 by the guide wheels 1505, and the guide wheels 1505 can move freely along the rails 1508; referring to fig. 1, a torque system 1200 is mounted in the lower half of the main frame 1000 and functions to provide sample torque.

Fig. 7 and 8 are a schematic structural diagram and a rotational cross-sectional view of a main frame of the large static multifunctional torsional shearing apparatus, and as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the main frame mainly comprises an upper cross beam 1001, a positioning sleeve 1002, an upper vertical plate 1003, a workbench 1004, a pull rod 1005, an angle iron leg 1006, a base plate 1007, a washer 1012, a nut 1013, a reducer connecting seat 1014, and the like; the workbench 1004 is a joint part of a main frame of the large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus and is also a core part of the large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, and the torque system 1200, the shear displacement measurement system 1400, the amplifying disc device 1300 and the adjusting cart device 1500 are all arranged on the workbench 1004; the workbench 1004 is used as a connecting part of the main frame, an upper vertical plate 1003 and an upper cross beam 1001 are sequentially arranged on the upper part of the workbench 1004, the upper vertical plate 1003 and the upper cross beam 1001, the workbench 1004, the upper vertical plate 1003 and the upper cross beam 1001 are positioned through a positioning sleeve 1002, and the upper vertical plate 1003, the upper cross beam 1001 and the workbench 1004 are fixed through a pull rod 1005, a gasket 1012 and a nut 1013, so that the upper half part of the main frame 1000 has a tensile function, and the normal operation of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system is ensured; the lower part of the angle steel support leg is sequentially provided with an angle steel support leg 1006, a base plate 1007 and a speed reducer connecting seat 1014, wherein the angle steel support leg 1006 and the base plate 1007 are fixedly installed through bolts according to the structure shown in fig. 7, a space surrounded by the workbench 1004, the angle steel support leg 1006 and the base plate 1007 is used for installing a torque system 1200, namely the speed reducer 1202 is installed on the speed reducer connecting seat 1014 through bolts, and an output shaft is upward and passes through a torque system installing hole 1004-5 in the workbench 1004; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 1, 2 and 3, the lower half part of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus is also provided with a front cover plate 1009, a rear cover plate 1010 and side cover plates 1008 on both sides, respectively, so that the apparatus has dual functions of beauty and safety; moreover, an outlet plate 1011 is further processed on the rear housing plate 1010, and is an inlet and outlet window of the large-scale static multifunctional torsion shear apparatus cable.

Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view and a sectional view of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus main frame workbench, and referring to fig. 20, the workbench 1004 is in a cuboid shape, a through hole, i.e. a torque system mounting hole 1004-5, is formed in the middle of the workbench for mounting a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus torque system, the cross section of the workbench is shown as a-a and B-B in fig. 20, and a single cross section shows that the torque system mounting hole 1004-5 is in a step shape for providing a supporting force for the torque system 1200; two rows of countersunk through holes 1004-2 are respectively processed at two sides of the workbench 1004 and are used for installing and fixing the pull rod 1005, the washer 1012 and the nut 1013; 1004-1 is a magnification disk device encoder mounting groove for mounting a magnification disk device encoder; 1004-3 is a cart device guide rail mounting hole for mounting and fixing a cart device guide rail, so that the cart device can conveniently move back and forth along the guide rail; 1004-6 is a trolley device guide rail support mounting hole for mounting and fixing a trolley device guide rail support; 1004-4 is an eye bolt mounting hole for mounting an eye bolt to facilitate the movement of the position of the workbench 1004 and even a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus.

Fig. 9 and fig. 10 are a schematic structural diagram and a rotary sectional view of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system 1100 mainly comprises an actuator 1101, a screw 1102, a locking ring 1103, a load sensor 1104, a carrier beam 1105, a carrier beam mounting hole 1105-1, a carrier beam positioning lock mounting groove 1105-2, a carrier beam load sensor mounting hole 1105-3, a positioning lock 1106, a guide beam 1107, a guide beam carrier beam mounting hole 1107-1, a guide beam slider mounting hole 1107-2, a guide beam torque system upper transition connecting disc mounting hole 1107-3, a force torsion 1108, a force torsion positioning lock mounting groove 1108-1, an upper transition connecting disc 1109, an upper transition connecting disc flat key mounting groove 1109-1, an upper transition connecting disc bolt mounting groove 1109-2, an upper transition connecting disc positioning pin mounting hole 1109-3, a lower locking nut, an upper dust cover I1111, a tapered roller bearing I1112, a lower transition connecting disc flat key mounting groove 1109-, An upper dust cover II1113, an upper rear cover plate 1114, an upper front cover plate 1115, a slider 1116, a slide rail 1117, a guide rail baffle 1118, a linear displacement sensor waveguide 1119, a linear displacement sensor movable magnet 1120, and the like.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a guide beam of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system. Referring to fig. 21, 9 and 10, the guide beam 1107 is a mounting carrier of the lower half of the axial compression system 1100, and has a carrier beam mounting hole 1107-01 for mounting the carrier beam 1105 formed on the upper surface thereof, guide beam slider mounting holes 1107-2 for mounting the sliders 1116 formed at four corners thereof, and a guide beam upper transition connection disc mounting hole 1107-3 for mounting the torque system upper transition connection disc 1109 formed in the middle thereof.

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a loadbeam of a large static multi-function torsional shear apparatus axial compression system. As can be seen from fig. 22, 9 and 10, the upper surface of the load beam 1105 is formed with a load beam mounting hole 1105-1 for connecting the load beam 1105 with the fixed guide beam 1107; a bearing beam positioning lock mounting groove 1105-3 used for connecting and mounting the load sensor 1104 is processed in the middle; bearing beam positioning lock mounting grooves 1105-2 for connecting and mounting positioning locks 1106 are processed on the two sides of the upper surface; the cross section A-A shows that the bottom surface is provided with a bolt hole which is fixedly connected with a force-bearing torsion 1108.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram and a sectional view of a transition connection disc on a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system. Referring to fig. 23, 9 and 10, the bottom surface of the upper transition connecting disc 1109 is processed with an upper transition connecting disc flat key mounting groove 1109-1 for mounting a flat key 1411; an upper transition connecting disc positioning pin mounting hole 1109-3 for mounting a positioning pin is processed in the middle of the bottom surface; a bolt mounting groove 1109-2 for fixedly connecting the upper transition connecting disc with a bolt is processed around the bottom surface; the section A-A of the steel plate is known, the interior of the steel plate is in a blind hole shape, and the steel plate is connected with a stress torsion 1108; in addition, the inner surface of the upper transition land 1109 is splined.

Fig. 24 is a structural schematic diagram and a sectional view of a forced torsion structure of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system. As can be seen from fig. 24, 9 and 10, the forced torsion 1108 is similar in shape to the upper transition connection plate 1109, and has a cylindrical forced torsion positioning lock installation groove 1108-1 machined in the top surface thereof for installing the positioning lock 1106; bolt holes fixedly connected with a torque sensor 1209 are machined around the top surface; in addition, the outer surface of the forced torsion 1108 is provided with splines.

Fig. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus lock nut. The lock nut 1110 is a self-locking anti-loose member using the friction force between the nut and the bolt, and as can be seen from fig. 25 and 10, the lower lock nut 1110 is mounted on the upper transition connection disc 1109 and is used for increasing the friction force between the upper transition connection disc 1109 and the stressed torsion 1108 so as to play a role in fastening.

As can be seen from fig. 1, 2, 9 and 10, the axle compression system 1100 mainly includes two major parts, namely, a component part such as an actuator 1101 mounted on an upper cross beam 1001 in the main frame 1000 and a remaining component part using a guide beam 1107 as a mounting carrier; the actuator 1101 is a hydraulic actuator capable of converting hydraulic energy from a hydraulic source into mechanical energy, and is mainly used for executing a command of a main controller, controlling the speed and force of a load, and feeding back the magnitude of a signal output force of the main controller, and a linear displacement sensor, namely a device composed of a linear displacement sensor waveguide 1119 and a linear displacement sensor movable magnet 1120, is also installed in the actuator and is used for feeding back the direction, displacement and the like of the load; the telescopic rod of the actuator 1101 is connected with a load sensor 1104 arranged on the load-bearing beam 1105 through a screw rod, two locking rings 1103 are further arranged on the screw rod, and the spiral surfaces of the two locking rings 1103 are opposite, so that the distance between the actuator 1101 and the load sensor 1104 can be finely adjusted; aligning and fixing the load sensor 1104 and the load-bearing beam 1105-3 by bolts so that the load sensor 1104 is mounted and fixed on the load-bearing beam 1105 for measuring the axial compression load variation of the axial compression system 1100; aligning the load-bearing beam mounting hole 1105-1 and the guide beam load-bearing beam mounting hole 1107-1 by bolts to connect and fix the load-bearing beam 1105 and the guide beam 1107; a torque sensor 1209 is fixedly installed on the lower portion of the carrier beam 1105 through a carrier beam installation hole 1105-1 bolt, and the carrier beam 1105 and the torque sensor 1209 are coaxially installed in a positioning mode through a positioning lock 1106; the lower part of the torque sensor 1209 is fixedly connected with a stressed torsion 1108 through a bolt, and the torque sensor 1209 and the stressed torsion 1108 are positioned and coaxially installed by using a positioning lock 1106; the stress torsion 1108 fixes the upper transition connecting disc 1109 through spline connection, the lower locking nut 1110 is sleeved on the periphery of the upper part of the upper transition connecting disc 1109, and a bolt is fastened to increase the stress torsion 1108 and a tapered roller bearing I1112 is installed on the periphery of the lower part of the upper transition connecting disc 1109 so as to reinforce the friction force between the upper transition connecting disc 1109 and the transition connecting disc 1109; the connection between the upper guide beams 1107; the bolts on the guide beam slider mounting holes 1107-2 at the four corners of the two sides of the guide beam 1107 are provided with sliders 1116; an upper dust cover II1113 is fixedly arranged on the lower end bolt of a transition connecting disc mounting hole 1107-3 on the middle guide beam torque system of the guide beam 1107; the transition connecting disc flat key mounting groove 1109-1 on the bottom end face of the upper transition connecting disc 1109 and the upper transition connecting disc positioning pin mounting hole 1109-3 are respectively provided with a flat key 1411 and a positioning pin 1412.

Fig. 11 and 12 are a schematic structural diagram of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus torque system and a rotational sectional view of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus torque system, respectively. Referring to fig. 11 and 12, a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus torque system 1200 is composed of a lower force-receiving shaft 1201, a speed reducer 1202, a motor 1203, a sealing cover 1204, a pressure plate 1205, an inner frame rotating shaft lip seal 1206, an O-ring 1207, a stopper 1208, a torque sensor 1209, and the like.

Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram and a partial cross-sectional view of a sealing cover structure of a torque system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to fig. 36, the sealing cover 1204 is a rotating body having a zigzag cross section.

Referring to fig. 11, 12 and 36, the installation sequence thereof: two tapered roller bearings I1112 are sequentially arranged in the torque system mounting hole 1004-5 of the workbench 1004; an O-shaped sealing ring 1207, an inner-wrapping framework rotating shaft lip-shaped oil seal 1206 and a bolt mounting fixed pressing plate 1205 are mounted in the mounting sealing cover plate 1204 to form a combination I; the assembly I is installed and fixed on a torque system installation hole 1004-5 through bolts; assembling the speed reducer 1202 and the motor 1203 to form an assembly II, installing the assembly II and the speed reducer connecting seat 1014 together through bolts, and paying attention to the position of an oil can of the speed reducer 1202 during installation; sleeving the lower locking nut 1110 on the output shaft of the speed reducer 1202; finally, the lower stressed shaft 1201 is inserted into the tapered roller bearing I1112 and sleeved on the output shaft of the speed reducer 1202, the lower lock nut 1110 is moved to be sleeved on the lower end of the lower stressed shaft 1201, and the bolt of the lower lock nut 1110 is tightened.

Fig. 13 and 14 are a schematic structural view and a sectional view of a large static multifunctional twist shear amplifying disc device, respectively. Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the enlarged disc device 1300 includes a large pulley assembly 1301, a housing 1302, an upper cover 1303, a small pulley assembly 1304, a dust cover 1305, a base 1306, an encoder holder 1307, a timing belt 1308, an encoder 1309, a coupling 1310, a small pulley bearing 1311, and the like. The amplification disc device 1300 is more special, and only one end of the small belt wheel assembly 1304 needs to be assembled in the early stage, and the assembly sequence is as follows: a small pulley bearing 1311 is arranged in a material reducing hole of the base 1306; embedding the long end of the shaft of the small pulley assembly 1304 into a small pulley bearing 1311; a small pulley bearing 1311 is embedded in the material reducing hole of the upper cover 1303, the assembly III is sleeved into the short shaft end of the small pulley bearing 1311, and the assembly III is fixedly connected with the base 1306 through bolts; the dustproof cover 1305 is sleeved at the long end of the shaft of the small pulley bearing 1311 and then is embedded into the base 1306; the encoder bracket 1307 is fixedly arranged on the base by using a bolt; mounting the mating end of the coupling 1310 to the long end of the pulley bearing 1311 shaft; finally, the output shaft of the encoder 1309 is inserted into the other end of the coupling 1310, and then the encoder 1309 and the encoder bracket 1307 are fixed together with bolts.

Fig. 16 and 17 are a schematic structural diagram of a shear displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus and a rotary sectional view of the shear displacement measuring system of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, respectively. Referring to fig. 16 and 17, the shear displacement measurement system is comprised of an upper platen 1401, a platen face 1402, an inner ring retainer 1403, an outer ring retainer 1404, a cylindrical pin 1405, a spring 1406, an adjustment screw 1407, an upper camera mount 1408, an industrial camera 1409, a steel nail 1410, a flat key 1411, a locating pin 1412, a lower platen 1413, a seal retainer 1414, a sump floor 1415, a water bath 1416, an inner glass cylinder 1417, a mirror mount I1418, a mirror mount II1419, a short outer ring I1420, a short outer ring II1421, a short outer ring III1422, a short outer ring IV1423, a short outer ring V1424, an inner ring I1425, an inner ring II1426, an inner ring III1427, an inner ring IV1428, an inner ring 142v 9, a universal wheel mount 1430, a universal wheel 1431, a pore pressure sensor 1432, a peripheral camera mount I1433, a peripheral camera mount II1434, a leg 5, a leg 1436, a leg 1437, a ring sample specimen 1438, a ring specimen, a ring specimen, a soil layer synthetic sand specimen 1440 material, a synthetic earth material, a synthetic sand layer clay 1440, The device comprises a groove seal gasket 1441, a surrounding camera bracket III1442, a rotating framework oil seal 1443, an elbow hole 1444 and the like.

Fig. 18 and 19 are a schematic structural diagram of a platen device of a shearing displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus and a rotary sectional view of the platen device of the shearing displacement measuring system of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, respectively.

Fig. 26 is a schematic view of a platen face structure of a large static multi-function shear displacement measurement system. Referring to fig. 26, a platen surface 1402 is a circular ring with a certain thickness, six platen surface mounting holes (counter bores) 1402-1 and a plurality of equally spaced platen surface steel nail holes 1402-2 are formed in the bottom surface of the circular ring, the platen surface mounting holes (counter bores) are used for fixedly connecting the platen surface 1402 with an upper platen 1401 through bolts, and the platen surface steel nail holes 1402-2 are used for mounting steel nails 1410 so as to increase the holding force of the platen on a built-in clay or sand layer; six pressing disk surface portable adjusting holes 1402-3 and six pressing disk surface flat key installation grooves 1402-5 are machined in the top surface of the pressing disk, the pressing disk surface portable adjusting holes 1402-3 are used for moving in an aspect mode and adjusting the position of a pressing disk surface, the flat key installation grooves 1402-5 are used for arranging flat keys 1411, and the biting force between the pressing disk surface 1402 and an upper pressing disk 1401 is increased mechanically; in addition, the inner ring of the pressure plate surface 1402 is further provided with a pressure plate surface positioning groove 1402-4 for being meshed with the upper pressure plate positioning groove to ensure the axes of the two cylinders.

Fig. 27 and 28 are a schematic diagram and a partial sectional view of a short outer laminated ring structure of a shearing displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus and a schematic diagram and a partial sectional view of an inner laminated ring structure of the shearing displacement measuring system of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to fig. 27, the short outer overlapping ring 1420-; the short outer stack rings 1420 and 1424 and the inner stack rings 1425 and 1428 are substantially identical, except that the lower connected rings are located outside the vertical plane of the rotating body.

Fig. 29 is a top view and partial cross-sectional view of a bottom plate of a water tank of a large static multi-function shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system. Referring to fig. 29, the sink bottom plate 1415 is a plate-shaped object with a round hole in the middle and a square periphery, and two small holes arranged side by side are formed in the middle of each of the four sides, namely, camera bracket II mounting holes 1415-1 around the sink bottom plate, and are used for mounting a camera bracket II1434 around the sink bottom plate; an annular groove with uniformly distributed holes is processed near the outer edge of the water tank bottom plate 1415, namely a water tank bottom plate groove sealing gasket mounting groove 1415-2 is used for mounting a groove sealing gasket 1441 and a water bath cover 1416; as shown in section A-A, the edge of the inner hole of the water tank bottom plate 1415 is in a step shape and is respectively a water tank bottom plate groove rotating framework oil seal installation groove 1415-3 and a water tank bottom plate groove sealing retainer ring installation groove 1415-4 which are used for installing a rotating framework oil seal 1443 and a sealing retainer ring 1414; two symmetrical water tank bottom plate water inlet and outlet threaded holes 1415-5 for mounting elbows are processed on the water tank bottom plate 1415.

Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of an inner and outer ring retainer ring structure and a partial sectional view of a shear displacement measurement system of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to fig. 30 and sections a-a and B-B, the inner ring retainer 1403 and the outer ring retainer 1404 are both L-shaped rotating bodies, and a plurality of inner and outer ring retainer hole pressure sensor mounting holes 1403-2 for mounting the hole pressure sensor 1432 are formed in the vertical plane; the pressure change of a clay layer (sand layer) arranged in the pressure plate in the test process is detected in real time; a plurality of inner and outer ring-overlapping retainer ring mounting holes 1403-1 are processed on the transverse surface and used for mounting the inner and outer ring-overlapping retainer rings on the upper pressure plate 1401; the inner wrap ring 1403 and the outer wrap ring 1404 differ in that the relative positions of the transverse 1404-1 and vertical 1404-2 surfaces are reversed.

Fig. 31 is a schematic structural diagram and a sectional view of a mirror device of a shearing displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the reflector device and the section A-A of FIG. 31, the reflector device is composed of a reflector bracket I1418, a reflector bracket II1419 and a reflector 1437, the reflector bracket I1418 and the reflector are fixed together, the axis of the reflector bracket I1418 and the normal of the reflector 1437 form a certain angle, and the value of the angle is set according to the experimental requirements; the mirror holder I1418 is inserted into the mirror holder II1419, and the relative positions of the mirror holder I1418 and the mirror holder II1419 can be adjusted by adjusting the fixing holes 1419-1 of the mirror holder I, thereby adjusting the height of the mirror 1437.

Fig. 32 is a schematic structural view and a partial sectional view of a universal wheel device of a shearing displacement measuring system of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to fig. 32, the universal wheel assembly is composed of a universal wheel support 1430 and a universal wheel 1431 for supporting short outer and inner shrouds, and the use of the universal wheel 1431 minimizes the friction between the inner and outer shrouds and the universal wheel 1431.

Fig. 33 is a schematic view of the upper and surrounding camera mount structure of a large static multi-function shear displacement measurement system. Referring to fig. 33, an upper camera mount 1408 is mounted inside the upper platen with the lens facing the mirror 1437 for measuring the real-time shear displacement of each layer of the sample inside the composite pad sample from inside; the peripheral camera support is used for measuring the real-time shearing displacement of each layer of samples in the composite liner sample from the outside

The peripheral camera bracket I1433, the peripheral camera bracket II1434 and the peripheral camera bracket III1442 are formed, the peripheral camera bracket I1433 is installed on a peripheral camera bracket II installation hole 1415-1 of the bottom plate of the water tank, and strip-shaped grooves are machined in the peripheral camera bracket I1433 and the peripheral camera bracket II1434 and can be used for adjusting the position of the industrial camera 1409.

Fig. 34 is a schematic structural diagram and a sectional view of a water bath cover and an inner glass cylinder of a shear displacement measuring system of a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus. Referring to fig. 34, the left side of the figure is an inner glass cylinder 1417, and in combination with the section a-a, the inner glass cylinder 1417 is a cylinder with one end sealed, an inner glass cylinder indicating line 1417-1 is carved on the cylinder wall and is used for shooting reference objects by an internal industrial camera, an inner glass cylinder mounting hole 1417-2 for fixing the inner glass cylinder 1417 on a lower platen 1413 is processed at the edge of the sealed bottom, and an inner glass cylinder reflector bracket II mounting hole 1417-3 for mounting a reflector bracket I1418 is processed at the center of the sealed bottom; the right side of the figure is a water bath cover 1416, compared with an inner glass cylinder 1417, the water bath cover 1416 is a round tubular object without a back cover, is installed on a water tank bottom plate groove sealing washer installing groove 1415-2 of a water tank bottom plate 1415, two symmetrical flat plates are embedded on the water bath cover 1416, shooting refraction errors can be eliminated by the flat plates, a water bath cover indicating line 1416-1 is carved on the flat plates, the function of the water bath cover indicating line 1416-1 is consistent with that of the inner glass cylinder indicating line 1417-1, a plurality of water bath cover installing holes 1416-2 are processed at the bottom of the water bath cover 1416, the water bath cover 1416 is installed on the water tank bottom plate 1415, and it needs to be noted that the indicating line 1416-1 of the water bath cover.

Fig. 35 is a schematic structural diagram and a sectional view of a combination of a leg and a leg shoe of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system. Referring to fig. 35, the upper end surfaces of the legs 1435 are connected with the sink bottom plate 1415 through bolts, and the legs 1435 and the leg shoes 1436 are respectively installed at four corners of the sink bottom plate 1415; section a-a shows that the leg 1435 is threaded inside the leg boot 1436; the level of flume floor 1415 is adjustable by rotating the four leg shoes 1436, and in addition, the spacing between flume floor 1415 and table 1004 can be adjusted to facilitate movement of shear displacement measurement system 1400 by cart bed 1510.

Referring to fig. 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35, shear displacement measurement system 1400 is the core system of the large static multi-function twist shear apparatus of the present invention, the system takes a water tank bottom plate 1415 as an installation carrier, a lower pressing plate 1413 is installed together with a bolt of a lower stress shaft 1201 of a torque system through a round hole surrounded by a water tank bottom plate groove rotating framework oil seal installation groove 1415-3 on the water tank bottom plate 1415 and a water tank bottom plate groove sealing retainer ring installation groove 1415-4, and the function is to transmit torque to a sample, a rotating frame oil seal 1443 is installed in a rotating frame oil seal installation groove 1415-3 of a water tank bottom plate groove in the water tank bottom plate 1415, and a 1414 sealing baffle is arranged at the position of the mounting groove 1415-4 of the sealing baffle of the bottom plate groove of the water tank, the rotary framework oil seal 1443 is used for protecting and preventing dust of a rotary framework oil seal 1443 in a water tank bottom plate groove. Mounted integrally with the lower platen 1413 is a platen device (see fig. 19 and 20 in detail), which is a platen device applied to test equipment for testing interface friction characteristics between soil (or sand) and other materials, and can ensure that the soil layer (or sand layer) has no lateral deformation and can adapt to vertical compression deformation of the soil layer (or sand layer) to avoid rigid friction with adjacent materials; a plurality of threaded holes are processed on an inner pressure plate surface 1402 of the pressure plate device, and the biting force of the pressure plate surface 1402 on a built-in clay or sand layer can be increased after a steel nail 1410 is arranged in each threaded hole, wherein the performance is one of special functions of the pressure plate device; according to the experiment requirements, experimenters can replace other types of platen surfaces, such as platen surfaces with smooth surfaces, carved textures and the like; the structure formed by the spring 1406, the adjusting screw 1407, the inner ring retaining ring 1403 and the outer ring retaining ring 1404 described in fig. 17, 18 and 19 is a tool for realizing the pressure plate device, which can ensure that a soil layer (or a sand layer) has no lateral deformation and can self-adapt to the vertical compression deformation of the soil layer (or the sand layer) so as to avoid rigid friction with adjacent materials. Universal wheel devices are uniformly arranged at mounting holes 1403-1 of the inner and outer ring folding check rings in the inner ring folding check ring 1403 and the outer ring folding check ring 1404, and the topmost end of each universal wheel device is adjusted to be flush with the topmost end of the ring folding check ring; meanwhile, mounting hole pressure sensors 1432 are uniformly distributed at mounting holes 1403-2 of the inner laminated ring check ring hole pressure sensor and used for measuring real-time hole pressure changes in built-in clay layers or sand layers of the inner laminated ring check ring and the outer laminated ring check ring in real time; the mounting grooves 1415-2 of the water tank bottom plate groove sealing gasket on the water tank bottom plate 1415 are respectively provided with a water tank cover 1441 and a water tank cover 1416 in sequence, when the water tank cover 1416 is mounted, the water tank cover indicating lines 1416-1 are required to be respectively aligned with the mounting holes 1415-1 of the camera supports II on the periphery of two sides of the water tank bottom plate, and the water tank cover 1416 is processed by adopting a transparent hard material. Camera brackets are respectively arranged at mounting holes 1415-1 of the camera bracket II around the bottom plate of the water tank of the water bath cover 1416 and are used for shooting and recording the displacement change of the short stack ring group 1420-1424 outside the water bath cover 1416; the industrial cameras 1409 mounted in the peripheral camera mount can be adjusted in position by the peripheral camera mount i1433 and the peripheral camera mount ii 1434. An inner glass cylinder 1417 is installed in the inner space of the lower platen 1413, a reflector combination is installed at the axial positions of the lower platen 1413 and the inner glass cylinder 1417, and the position of a reflector 1437 can be adjusted through a reflector bracket I and a reflector bracket II. The short stack ring group 1420-1424 and the inner stack ring group 1425-1429 are installed together with the geosynthetic material sample one by one outside the instrument as required, and then are installed on the lower platen sequentially as required; the four corners of the lower end surface of the water tank bottom plate 1415 are respectively provided with a member consisting of a supporting leg 1435 and a supporting leg shoe 1436, the supporting leg shoe 1436 is synchronously and manually rotated and adjusted, and the distance between the water tank bottom plate 1415 and the workbench 1004 of the main frame 1000 is controlled; the intelligent temperature control water bath system performs water circulation through an elbow hole 1444 on the water tank bottom plate 1415 and the inner space of the water bath cover 1416, so as to control the hydration state of a test sample, and the intelligent temperature control water bath system is a conventional adjustable constant temperature water bath tank; the water inlet and outlet one-way valve at the lower side of the water tank bottom plate is connected through double pipelines, so that the travel of the constant-temperature water bath tank and the water bath cover is closed to form a loop, and the purpose of controlling the temperature of the sample is achieved; the temperature and the flow speed of the flowing liquid can be controlled by adjusting the water inlet and outlet one-way valves on the lower sides of the constant-temperature water bath tank and the water tank bottom plate.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a cart device of a large static multifunctional torsional shearing machine and a partial sectional view of a guide wheel, and as can be seen from fig. 15, the cart device is divided into a fixed part and a movable part, a guide rail support 1503 in the fixed part is fixedly installed on a threaded hole at the front end of a worktable 1004 of a main frame 1000 through bolts, and a guide rail 1508 is bolt-installed on the worktable 1004 and the guide rail support 1503 and provides a displacement track for the movable part of the cart device; a guide rail seat supporting leg 1511 is installed on the lower front end bolt of the guide rail support 1503, and a No. 2 foundation bolt installed on the guide rail seat supporting leg 1511 is connected with an instrument installation foundation to reinforce the stability of the cart device; front and rear shutters 1502 and 1509 are respectively installed at front and rear ends of the guide rail 1508 to limit a displacement space of a movable portion in the cart device 1500; the fixed part of the cart device consists of 1501, a support beam, 1504, a support, 1505, a guide wheel, 1506, a guide shaft, 1507, a guide sleeve, 1508, a guide rail, 1510, a cart flat plate, 1512, a connecting column, 1513, anchor screws II and 1514, a guide rail bearing, and the installation of the fixed part is partially cut-away by referring to the guide rail of FIG. 15.

Fig. 37 and 38 are schematic views of a clay or sand layer annular sample structure and a geosynthetic material sample ring structure, respectively.

Fig. 5 and 6 are a left sectional view and a main sectional view of a large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, respectively. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the installation of the components and the combination of the systems of the large static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus are more intuitive.

Fixed displacement and fast shearing test:

starting a large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus, and selecting a mode of entering a constant displacement speed shear test; starting a shaft pressing system, and lifting an upper pressure plate device to a limit position through a shaft pressing system actuator to reserve a sample loading space; then closing the axial compression system and keeping the upper pressure plate device at the limit position all the time;

cutting a geosynthetic material sample circle according to experimental requirements and in combination with geotechnical test regulations, geotechnical test method standards, domestic garbage sanitary landfill treatment technical specifications and the like, and prefabricating clay and sand samples;

step three, filling the prefabricated sand sample into a lower pressure plate according to a method of inverting the laying sequence of the liner system of the modern sanitary landfill site;

step four, according to the use rule of the short outer stacking ring, bonding various cut geosynthetic material samples with the corresponding mechanical outer stacking ring, and orderly stacking the geosynthetic material samples on the sand layer in the lower pressure plate layer by layer according to the sequence of 'geomembrane, geotextile, GCL (thin artificial anti-seepage product processed by two layers of geotextile and one layer of bentonite) and geomembrane';

filling the prefabricated clay sample into an upper pressure plate;

step six, restarting the large-scale static multifunctional torsional shear apparatus axial compression system, and driving the upper pressure plate to move by the actuator so that the clay layer arranged in the upper pressure plate is in non-pressure contact with the geomembrane;

step seven, applying axial pressure P to the sample through an axial compression system according to the test requirements₁Waiting for axial pressure P₁After stabilization, the torsion rate of the torque system is set to V₁Setting a test sampling rate;

step eight, selecting the Setup type by clicking, and formally starting the test until the shearing displacement reaches a set value delta₁And ending the test;

and step nine, storing test data, zeroing all the settings and data of the instrument, and preparing the next group of tests.

Fixed torque shear test:

starting a large-scale static multifunctional torsion shear instrument, and selecting a torque shear test mode; the upper pressure plate device is lifted upwards to the limit position through a shaft pressing system actuator so as to reserve a sample loading space; then closing the axial compression system and keeping the upper pressure plate device at the limit position all the time;

filling the prefabricated clay sample into an upper pressure plate;

step seven, applying axial pressure P to the sample through an axial compression system according to the test requirements₁Waiting for axial pressure P₁After stabilization, a torque value M of the torque system is set₁Setting a test sampling rate;

step eight, selecting the Setup selection type by clicking, and formally starting the test until the shearing displacement reaches delta₁And ending the test;

and step nine, storing the test data, resetting all the settings and data of the instrument to zero, and closing the test instrument.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear displacement measuring system of a torsional shear apparatus is characterized by comprising an upper pressure plate connected with a shaft pressure system, a lower pressure plate connected with a torque system and a detection device capable of detecting the real-time shear displacement of a sample, wherein the lower pressure plate and the upper pressure plate are respectively provided with a sample accommodating groove;

the sample of arranging in last pressure disk sample storage tank is overlapped with the sample of arranging in down pressure disk sample storage tank under the drive of axial compression system and is pressed, and the pressure disk is rotatory under the torque system drive, and two samples take place to turn round under the dual function of the axial force of the output of axial compression system and the torsional force of torque system output and cut the displacement volume in real time through detection device acquisition sample.

2. The torsional shear apparatus shear displacement measurement system of claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises an inner camera, a peripheral camera, and coaxially disposed outer and inner sets of stacked rings;

the outer overlapping ring group comprises a plurality of overlapping outer overlapping rings, graduated scales are carved on the outer peripheral walls of the outer overlapping rings, the graduated scales on the outer overlapping rings are not shielded, a water bath cover covers the periphery of the outer overlapping ring group, a water bath cover indicating line is arranged on the side wall of the water bath cover along the axial direction, and the water bath cover indicating line is located in the shooting range of a peripheral camera;

the inner ring folding assembly comprises a plurality of inner ring folding rings which are overlapped, graduated scales are carved on the inner circumferential wall of each inner ring folding ring, the graduated scales on the inner ring folding rings are not shielded, an inner glass cylinder is further arranged inside the inner ring folding assembly, an inner glass cylinder indicating line is arranged on the cylinder wall of the inner glass cylinder along the axial direction, a reflective mirror is arranged in the inner glass cylinder, and the inner camera acquires scale images on the inner ring folding assembly through the reflective mirror.

3. The shear displacement measurement system of claim 2, wherein universal wheels are connected to the bottoms of the outer and inner ring-folding sets, respectively, and the universal wheels are supported on the lower platen by a universal wheel support.

4. The shear displacement measurement system of claim 2, wherein the upper platen has an inner ring-overlapping baffle and an outer ring-overlapping baffle in contact therewith, the inner ring-overlapping baffle cooperating with the outer ring-overlapping baffle to form an annular upper platen sample receiving slot; during the torsional shear test, the inner ring-overlapping baffle plate is sleeved on the periphery of the inner ring-overlapping group, and the outer ring-overlapping baffle plate is sleeved inside the outer ring-overlapping group.

5. The shear displacement measurement system of claim 4, wherein the lower platen has an inner retainer ring and an outer retainer ring in contact therewith, the inner retainer ring and the outer retainer ring cooperating to form an annular lower platen sample receiving groove, the upper platen sample receiving groove being of equal size and having opposing notches relative to the lower platen sample receiving groove.

6. The shear displacement measurement system of a torsional shear apparatus of claim 5, wherein a plurality of pore pressure sensors are arranged on the inner ring-overlapping baffle, the outer ring-overlapping baffle, the inner retainer ring and the outer retainer ring, the axial pressure system is provided with a load sensor capable of detecting axial pressure output by the axial pressure system, and the torque system is provided with a torque sensor capable of detecting torque output by the torque system;

the processor controls the shaft pressure output by the shaft pressure system according to a closed loop system formed by an actuator and a load sensor in the shaft pressure system, and controls the torque output by the torque system according to a closed loop system formed by a servo motor and a torque sensor in the torque system.

7. The shear displacement measurement system of a torsional shear apparatus of claim 5, wherein the inner and outer ring-overlapping baffles are respectively connected to the upper platen through a first adjusting screw, and a first adjusting spring is sleeved on the first adjusting screw;

the inner retainer ring and the outer retainer ring are connected to the lower pressure plate through second adjusting screws respectively, and second adjusting springs are sleeved on the second adjusting screws in a sleeved mode.

8. The shear displacement measurement system of claim 2, wherein the lower pressure plate is rotatably and sealingly connected to a water trough bottom plate, and the water bath cover is disposed on the water trough bottom plate.

9. The shear displacement measurement system of claim 1, wherein the upper platen sample receiving well is provided with a sample capture fixedly attached to the upper platen.