CN104614251A - Testing apparatus and testing method for rock breaking representation by acoustic emission - Google Patents
Testing apparatus and testing method for rock breaking representation by acoustic emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN104614251A CN104614251A CN201510067250.1A CN201510067250A CN104614251A CN 104614251 A CN104614251 A CN 104614251A CN 201510067250 A CN201510067250 A CN 201510067250A CN 104614251 A CN104614251 A CN 104614251A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing apparatus and a testing method for rock breaking representation by acoustic emission, relates to rock mechanical test, and solves the technical problem that, under the action of uniaxial compression, real-time breaking observation to rock can only be performed in combination with a CT (Computed Tomography) scanning device and representation of rock breaking real-time observation and location in combination with an acoustic emission device cannot be realized at present. The testing apparatus is composed of a uniaxial loading pressure device, a CT scanning system and an acoustic emission monitoring system, under the action of uniaxial loading, acoustic emission signal collection and CT scanning are carried out at the same time, a relationship between acoustic emission and rock test piece breaking is established visually, thus, representation of rock test piece breaking real-time observation and location by acoustic emission is realized. The testing apparatus and the testing method have the advantages that the apparatus is reasonable in structure, and the testing method is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rock Mechanics Test field, relate to a kind of test unit to rock failure mechanism of rock sign and test method, particularly relate to a kind of rock under uniaxial tension effect, carry out acoustic emission signal collection and CT scan simultaneously, situation is destroyed by CT scan real-time monitored rock interior, and the relation set up between the rock failure mechanism of rock and acoustic emission, realize acoustic emission to the test unit of rock failure mechanism of rock real-time monitored, location sign and test method.
Background technology
Because rock micro rupture is difficult to directly dynamically observation, acoustic emission method has just become the effective tool of study of rocks deformation failure micro rupture dynamic process.Because rock failure mechanism of rock unstability is occur from inside to outside mostly, therefore with rock interior microscopical structure and defect closely related, acoustic emission is only relied on to be difficult to infer rock interior micro rupture (closing of Original Cracks from microscopic parameter, expansion, the germinating of newborn crackle, expansion, interaction between the change of particle periphery microporosity and micro-crack) the rule of development, also the relation between acoustic emission and micro rupture cannot just be set up accurately, criterion accurately cannot be provided for macroscopic failure unstability, thus domestic and international acoustic emission is caused not play due effect in the monitoring and prediction of engineering project disaster.
Many achievements have been achieved both at home and abroad with the research of application although theoretical to Acoustic Emission of Rock, but these researchs focus mostly in the feature over time such as acoustic emission rate, energy, space orientation, substantially rely on characteristics of Acoustic Emission to infer to the Evolution of micro rupture in rock failure mechanism of rock process.Acoustic emission result cannot directly with carefully see micro rupture opening relationships, mainly because when carrying out acoustic emission experiment rock interior micro rupture be sightless, be very effective means to the analysis CT scan of rock interior micro rupture.
CT scan result of study has reproduced the Evolution of rock interior crackle, but CT scan experimental expenses is expensive, cannot be applied to large scale test specimen and engineering reality, cannot carry out monitoring and prediction to engineering dynamic disaster.Therefore, if acoustic emission and CT scan can be combined, set up the relation between acoustic emission and micro rupture by CT scan, then can realize the quantitatively characterizing of acoustic emission to damage, destruction.
Utilize the sensitivity of Acoustic Emission location technology and the intuitive feature of CT scan technology, by the two integrated use in study of rocks distortion, to destroy and destabilization problems is new approaches, be also a new thinking to the relation between research acoustic emission and micro rupture simultaneously.
Colleges and universities in one's power of Ge great Research Center now, the uni-axial press relevant to Rock Mechanics Test of use has two kinds of forms usually.The first: Normal hydraulic servo-pressing machine, it can be combined with acoustic emission equipment, and shortcoming simultaneously in conjunction with CT scan equipment use, namely cannot can not observe the real-time destruction of rock; The second: by Ge Xiurun academician's independent research, be a series of pressing machinees that Ge great colleges and universities extensively use for reference afterwards, their advantage can combine with CT scan equipment, shortcoming is that rock sample completes load test in Pressure chamber, Pressure chamber has impact to CT scan, and can produce shade to scanning result and reduce the enlargement factor of CT scan, this impact not only can not be eliminated, and cannot combine with acoustic emission equipment, namely cannot realize the real-time location to the rock failure mechanism of rock.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to the shortcoming overcoming prior art, the test unit providing a kind of acoustic emission to characterize the rock failure mechanism of rock and test method, solve the research at present to micro rupture Evolution in rock failure mechanism of rock process, rely on characteristics of Acoustic Emission to infer, acoustic emission result cannot directly with carefully see micro rupture opening relationships, namely under uniaxial tension effect, can only combine with CT scan equipment and in real time observation is destroyed to rock, and cannot combine with acoustic emission equipment to rock failure mechanism of rock real-time monitored, locate the technical matters characterized.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The test unit that a kind of acoustic emission characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, comprise: uniaxial loading pressure apparatus, CT scan system, acoustic emission monitoring system, it is characterized in that: described uniaxial loading pressure apparatus comprises: hook plate and upper bearing plate by two sides, the frame that lower support plate is bolted, there is the through hole through bolt at the center of described upper bearing plate, the groove of described upper bearing plate lower surface and the seat ring wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing, between described bolt and upper bearing plate, pressure bearing is set, described bolt is through pressure bearing, upper bearing plate, lifting force ball bearing is threaded with upper cushion block, described upper cushion block is by the convex shoulder of upper surface and the blowout patche wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing, respectively there is a circular groove laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe former and later two centers, face of described upper cushion block, there is the through hole through oil cylinder at the center of described lower support plate, described oil cylinder lower end is fixedly connected with CT scan rotatable platform, the blowout patche wringing fit of described oil cylinder upper T shape head and lower thrust ball bearing, the seat ring of described lower thrust ball bearing and the groove wringing fit of described lower support plate upper end center position, the upper end center position of the piston rod of described oil cylinder is threaded with spheric seat, convex spherical and the concave spherical surface of described spheric seat are slidably matched, described spheric seat each side has a circular groove laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe, the oil hole of described oil cylinder is connected with force (forcing) pump by pressurization oil pipe, described CT scan system is made up of CT scan computer system, Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine, CT scan rotatable platform, and described CT scan computer system is connected with Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine and CT scan rotatable platform by transmission line, described acoustic emission monitoring system is made up of acoustic emission signal transmitter, acoustic emission computer system, Acoustic Emission location sensor probe and sense line, described acoustic emission signal transmitter is connected with acoustic emission computer system by transmission line, and described acoustic emission signal transmitter is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes respectively by 4 sense lines.
Further, 4 described Acoustic Emission location sensor probes, wherein 2 probes are fixed on the circular groove place of described upper cushion block front-back, and other 2 probes are fixed on the circular groove place of the described spheric seat left and right sides.
Further, Bonding pressure table in the middle part of described pressurization oil pipe.
Further, Gou Ban two ends, two described sides are arranged with the constraint ear of four fixed frames.
Further, described spheric seat upper surface is provided with the centring ring placing different-diameter rock sample.
The test method that acoustic emission characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, its test procedure is:
1. be each passed through 4 constraint ears with 4 ropes, uniaxial loading pressure apparatus be fixed in CT Scan Room, and oil cylinder and CT scan rotatable platform are fixed;
2. with pressurization oil pipe, oil hole is connected with force (forcing) pump, and at the setting pressure table on oil pipe that pressurizes;
3. be connected with acoustic emission signal transmitter with 4 sense line one end, the other end is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes, wherein 2 transmitting alignment sensors are popped one's head in and are fixed on the circular groove place of cushion block front-back, and other 2 transmitting alignment sensors probe is fixed on the circular groove place of the spheric seat left and right sides;
4. on uniaxial loading pressure apparatus, place rock sample, cushion block is contacted completely with test specimen;
5. open acoustic emission monitoring system, and the parameter such as threshold value, velocity of wave is set, and the data of required collection and figure;
6. open CT scan computer system, adjust focal length, enlargement factor, electric current, voltage and scanning accuracy during scanning;
7. run acoustic emission monitoring system, carry out signals collecting, synchronously rock sample is pressurizeed: be loaded on first time design load, stop pressurization, then carry out CT scan: every 0.9 ° of run-down, after scanning 400 layergrams, CT scan rotatable platform is inverted to original position; Reload to second time design load, stop loading, carry out CT scan, and so forth, until test specimen is broken or complete design process of the test, in experimentation, acoustic emission monitoring system carries out acoustic emission signal collection all the time.
The present invention compared with prior art, because rock sample is under uniaxial tension effect, carry out acoustic emission signal collection and CT scan simultaneously, establish intuitively acoustic emission and rock sample destroy between relation, therefore achieve acoustic emission destroys real-time monitored and location sign to rock sample; Because uni-axial press relies on CT scan rotatable platform to provide rotating force, drive oil cylinder and rock sample unitary rotation, rotated by pressure bearing, make rock sample and pressing machine synchronous axial system, and frame is not rotated, thus eliminate the impact of Pressure chamber on CT scan; Because a thrust ball bearing is placed in above oil cylinder circular work platform by uni-axial press, and thrust ball race and lower support plate wringing fit, thrust ball bearing shaft washer and oil cylinder wringing fit, realize this thrust ball bearing shaft washer and oil cylinder rotates, thrust ball race maintains static together with lower support plate; Another one thrust ball bearing is between upper bearing plate and upper cushion block, thrust ball race and upper bearing plate wringing fit, wringing fit between thrust ball bearing shaft washer and upper cushion block, realize this thrust ball race to maintain static together with upper bearing plate, thrust ball bearing shaft washer rotates together with upper cushion block.Achieve the concentric of metal (upper by arranging thrust ball bearing like this, and make each parts synchronous axial system, and external member is motionless; After CT scan rotatable platform rotation one circle, utilize the reset function of CT equipment, reverse rotation one is enclosed, and acoustic emission transmission line can be prevented to be wound around due to the rotation of pilot system; Because the centring ring placing different-diameter rock sample is carved with in spheric seat upper surface, the test of different size test specimen can be implemented, and realize enlargement factors different accordingly.Therefore, it is reasonable that the present invention has apparatus structure, and test method is easy, under uniaxial tension effect, carries out acoustic emission signal collection and CT scan to different size rock sample simultaneously, can realize the advantage that acoustic emission destroys real-time monitored to rock sample, location characterizes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is test system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is uniaxial loading pressure apparatus structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embody the exemplary embodiments of feature & benefits of the present invention, will describe in detail in the following description by reference to the accompanying drawings.Be understood that the present invention can have various changes in different embodiments, it neither departs from protection scope of the present invention, and explanation wherein and to be shown in be use when explain in essence, and be not used to limit the present invention.
As Fig. 1, shown in 2, the test unit that a kind of acoustic emission characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, comprise: uniaxial loading pressure apparatus 1, CT scan system 2, acoustic emission monitoring system 3, described uniaxial loading pressure apparatus 1 comprises: hook plate 101 and upper bearing plate 102 by two sides, the frame that lower support plate 103 is connected by bolt 104, there is the through hole through bolt 105 at the center of described upper bearing plate 102, the described groove of upper bearing plate 102 lower surface and the seat ring wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing 107, between described bolt 105 and upper bearing plate 102, pressure bearing 106 is set, described bolt 105 is through pressure bearing 106, upper bearing plate 102, lifting force ball bearing 107 is threaded with upper cushion block 108, described upper cushion block 108 is by the convex shoulder of upper surface and the blowout patche wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing 107, respectively there is a circular groove 115 laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe 303 former and later two centers, face of described upper cushion block 108, there is the through hole through oil cylinder 113 at the center of described lower support plate 103, described oil cylinder 113 lower end is fixedly connected with CT scan rotatable platform 203, the blowout patche wringing fit of described oil cylinder 113 upper T shape head and lower thrust ball bearing 111, the seat ring of described lower thrust ball bearing 111 and the groove wringing fit of described lower support plate 103 upper end center position, the upper end center position of the piston rod 110 of described oil cylinder 113 is threaded with spheric seat 109, convex spherical and the concave spherical surface of described spheric seat 109 are slidably matched, described spheric seat 109 each side has a circular groove 115 laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe 303, the oil hole 114 of described oil cylinder 113 is connected with force (forcing) pump 117 by pressurization oil pipe 118, described CT scan system 2 is made up of CT scan computer system 201, Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine 202, CT scan rotatable platform 203, and described CT scan computer system 201 is connected with Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine 202 and CT scan rotatable platform 203 by transmission line, described acoustic emission monitoring system 3 is made up of acoustic emission signal transmitter 301, acoustic emission computer system 302, Acoustic Emission location sensor probe 303 and sense line 304, described acoustic emission signal transmitter 301 is connected with acoustic emission computer system 302 by transmission line, and described acoustic emission signal transmitter 301 is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes 303 respectively by 4 sense lines 304.
4 described Acoustic Emission location sensor probes 303, wherein 2 probes are fixed on circular groove 115 place of described upper cushion block 108 front-back, and other 2 probes are fixed on circular groove 115 place of described spheric seat 109 left and right sides.
Bonding pressure table 116 in the middle part of described pressurization oil pipe 118.
Gou Ban101 two ends, two described sides are arranged with the constraint ear 112 of four fixed frames.
Described spheric seat 109 upper surface is provided with the centring ring placing different-diameter rock sample.
Described CT scan system 2 destroys real-time monitored, location for rock sample 4; Described acoustic emission monitoring system 3 is for monitoring characteristics of Acoustic Emission, the plane of rock sample 4 Crack Extension under single shaft stress condition and Three-dimensional damage is located and the evolutionary process of crackle; Described uniaxial loading pressure apparatus 1 is for giving the pressure of rock sample 4 axis.
Horizontal conveyor of the present invention utilizes CT scan rotatable platform 203 to provide rotating force, and drive oil cylinder 113, thus piston rod 110 drives spheric seat 109, spheric seat 109 drives rock sample 4, and bolt 105 and upper cushion block 108 are rotated; Vertical pressure transmission is by external force (forcing) pump 117, oil cylinder 113 inner chamber is pumped into by oil hole 114, lift is provided to piston rod 110, piston rod 110 passes through spheric seat 109 acting force to rock sample 4 lower end, the bang path forming with it counter-force is oil cylinder 113, lower thrust ball bearing 111, lower support plate 103, side hook plate 101, upper bearing plate 102, lifting force ball bearing 107, upper cushion block 108, is finally applied to test specimen 4 upper end.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the test method that a kind of acoustic emission characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, its test procedure is:
1. be each passed through 4 constraint ears 112 with 4 ropes, uniaxial loading pressure apparatus 1 be fixed in CT Scan Room, and oil cylinder 113 and CT scan rotatable platform 203 are fixed;
2. with pressurization oil pipe 118, oil hole 114 is connected with force (forcing) pump 117, and at the setting pressure table 116 on oil pipe 118 that pressurizes;
3. be connected with acoustic emission signal transmitter 301 with 4 sense line 304 one end, the other end is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes 303, wherein 2 transmitting alignment sensors probe 303 is fixed on circular groove 115 place of cushion block 108 front-back, and other 2 transmitting alignment sensors probe 303 is fixed on circular groove 115 place of spheric seat 109 left and right sides;
4. on uniaxial loading pressure apparatus 1, place rock sample 4, cushion block 108 is contacted completely with test specimen;
5. open acoustic emission monitoring system 3, and the parameter such as threshold value, velocity of wave is set, and the data of required collection and figure;
6. open CT scan computer system 201, adjust focal length, enlargement factor, electric current, voltage and scanning accuracy during scanning;
7. run acoustic emission monitoring system 3, carry out signals collecting, synchronously rock sample 4 is pressurizeed: be loaded on first time design load, stop pressurization, then carry out CT scan: every 0.9 ° of run-down, after scanning 400 layergrams, CT scan rotatable platform 203 is inverted to original position; Reload to second time design load, stop loading, carry out CT scan, and so forth, until test specimen is broken or complete design process of the test.
By the destruction situation of the known different load phase test specimen different layers position of CT scan, the situation of different layers position acoustic emission can be known by Acoustic Emission location and according to the coordinate of acoustie emission event, both are set up contact and just can realize the sign that acoustic emission destroys rock sample.By above-mentioned steps, achieve the real-time monitored of different load phase destruction in loading procedure, location and Acoustic Emission.
The present invention specifically can implement in a variety of forms and not depart from spirit or the essence of invention, so be to be understood that, above-described embodiment is not limited to aforesaid details, and should explain widely in claim limited range, therefore fall into change in claim or its equivalent scope and remodeling and all should be claim and contained.
Claims (6)
1. acoustic emission test unit that the rock failure mechanism of rock is characterized, comprise: uniaxial loading pressure apparatus (1), CT scan system (2), acoustic emission monitoring system (3), it is characterized in that: described uniaxial loading pressure apparatus (1) comprising: hook plate (101) and upper bearing plate (102) by two sides, the frame that lower support plate (103) is connected by bolt (104), there is the through hole through bolt (105) at the center of described upper bearing plate (102), the groove of described upper bearing plate (102) lower surface and the seat ring wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing (107), pressure bearing (106) is set between described bolt (105) and upper bearing plate (102), described bolt (105) is through pressure bearing (106), upper bearing plate (102), lifting force ball bearing (107) is threaded with upper cushion block (108), the convex shoulder of described upper cushion block (108) by upper surface and the blowout patche wringing fit of lifting force ball bearing (107), respectively there is a circular groove (115) laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe (303) described former and later two centers, face of upper cushion block (108), there is the through hole through oil cylinder (113) at the center of described lower support plate (103), described oil cylinder (113) lower end is fixedly connected with CT scan rotatable platform (203), the blowout patche wringing fit of described oil cylinder (113) upper T shape head and lower thrust ball bearing (111), the seat ring of described lower thrust ball bearing (111) and the groove wringing fit of described lower support plate (103) upper end center position, the upper end center position of the piston rod (110) of described oil cylinder (113) is threaded with spheric seat (109), convex spherical and the concave spherical surface of described spheric seat (109) are slidably matched, described spheric seat (109) each side has a circular groove (115) laying Acoustic Emission location sensor probe (303), the oil hole (114) of described oil cylinder (113) is connected with force (forcing) pump (117) by pressurization oil pipe (118), described CT scan system (2) is made up of CT scan computer system (201), Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine (202) and CT scan rotatable platform (203), and described CT scan computer system (201) is connected with Microfocus X-ray X-ray machine (202) and CT scan rotatable platform (203) by transmission line, described acoustic emission monitoring system (3) is made up of acoustic emission signal transmitter (301), acoustic emission computer system (302), Acoustic Emission location sensor probe (303) and sense line (304), described acoustic emission signal transmitter (301) is connected with acoustic emission computer system (302) by transmission line, and described acoustic emission signal transmitter (301) is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes (303) respectively by 4 sense lines (304).
2. according to the test unit that acoustic emission described in claim 1 characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, it is characterized in that: 4 described Acoustic Emission location sensor probes (303), wherein 2 probes are fixed on circular groove (115) place of described upper cushion block (108) front-back, and other 2 probes are fixed on circular groove (115) place of described spheric seat (109) left and right sides.
3. according to the test unit that acoustic emission described in claim 1 characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, it is characterized in that: described pressurization oil pipe (118) middle part Bonding pressure table (116).
4. according to the test unit that acoustic emission described in claim 1 characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, it is characterized in that: two described sides hook the constraint ear (112) that plate (101) two ends are arranged with four fixed frames.
5. according to the test unit that acoustic emission described in claim 1 characterizes the rock failure mechanism of rock, it is characterized in that: described spheric seat (109) upper surface is provided with the centring ring placing different-diameter rock sample.
6. according to the test method of acoustic emission described in claim 1 to rock failure mechanism of rock CHARACTERISATION TESTS device, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described test method are:
1. be each passed through 4 constraints ear (112) with 4 ropes, uniaxial loading pressure apparatus (1) be fixed in CT Scan Room, and oil cylinder (113) and CT scan rotatable platform (203) are fixed;
2. with pressurization oil pipe (118), oil hole (114) is connected with force (forcing) pump (117), and at the upper setting pressure table (116) of pressurization oil pipe (118);
3. be connected with acoustic emission signal transmitter (301) with 4 sense line (304) one end, the other end is connected with 4 Acoustic Emission location sensor probes (303), wherein 2 transmitting alignment sensors probe (303) are fixed on circular groove (115) place of cushion block (108) front-back, and other 2 transmitting alignment sensors probe (303) are fixed on circular groove (115) place of spheric seat (109) left and right sides;
4. on uniaxial loading pressure apparatus (1), place rock sample (4), cushion block (108) is contacted completely with rock sample (4);
5. open acoustic emission monitoring system (3), and the parameter such as threshold value, velocity of wave is set, and the data of required collection and figure;
6. open CT scan computer system (201), adjust focal length, enlargement factor, electric current, voltage and scanning accuracy during scanning;
7. acoustic emission monitoring system (3) is run, carry out signals collecting, synchronously rock sample (4) is pressurizeed: be loaded on first time design load, stop pressurization, then CT scan is carried out: every 0.9 ° of run-down, after scanning 400 layergrams, CT scan rotatable platform (203) is inverted to original position; Reload to second time design load, stop loading, carry out CT scan, and so forth, until test specimen is broken or complete design process of the test.
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CN114002321A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-01 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Full-size tooth-shaped hob rock breaking test device and rock damage monitoring and analyzing method in rock breaking test process |
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CN108732092A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of comprehensive inversion method of nontransparent test piece three-dimensional crack propagation process |
CN109100247A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-28 | 太原理工大学 | Class coal petrography stone crustal stress K point test method based on Kaiser effect |
CN109100247B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-11-27 | 太原理工大学 | Coal-like rock ground stress K point testing method based on Kaiser effect |
CN109521101A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-26 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of information collecting device destroyed in real time based on rock and method |
CN111122708A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-08 | 太原理工大学 | Multi-frequency acoustic emission acquisition device and method suitable for small-size rock test piece |
CN114002321A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-01 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Full-size tooth-shaped hob rock breaking test device and rock damage monitoring and analyzing method in rock breaking test process |
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