CN111377727A - 一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111377727A
CN111377727A CN202010175493.8A CN202010175493A CN111377727A CN 111377727 A CN111377727 A CN 111377727A CN 202010175493 A CN202010175493 A CN 202010175493A CN 111377727 A CN111377727 A CN 111377727A
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titanium
micro powder
calcium
calcium hexaluminate
containing calcium
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CN111377727B (zh
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付绿平
顾华志
黄奥
张美杰
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Yixing Morgan Thermal Ceramics Co ltd
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以60~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~20wt%的含钙微粉、10~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料。然后将所述混合料在100~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1500~1800℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。所述氧化铝微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm;所述含钙微粉粒径D50为1~10μm;所述氧化钛微粉的粒径D50为1~10μm;所述氧化亚锰微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。本发明成本低和工艺简单,所制制品具有化学稳定性好、抗热震性能好和抗钛铝合金熔体能力强的特点。

Description

一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火原料技术领域。具体涉及一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
钛铝合金密度低、比强度高、比刚度高、耐热性好、抗高温蠕变性能优异和抗氧化能力良好,是超高音速飞行器和下一代先进航空发动机的首选材料。钛铝合金熔体高温下化学活性高,在熔炼过程中,易与耐火材料坩埚发生反应而污染合金熔体,因此,开发性能优异的钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料是制备高质量钛铝合金的关键前提。
CaO-Al2O3-TiO2系材料中兼具TiO2和Al2O3组分,在与钛铝合金熔体接触时,可以同时抑制合金熔体中Ti组分和Al组分的侵蚀,因此,是钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料潜在的重要材料。含钛六铝酸钙(Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19)是CaO-Al2O3-TiO2系材料中唯一可以在1600℃以上温度稳定存在的物相,因此,合成高纯、单相含钛六铝酸钙材料是CaO-Al2O3-TiO2系材料研究领域重要的课题。
目前国内外针对CaO-Al2O3-TiO2系材料制备开展了一定的研究。范春红等以含铝废渣、氧化钙、氧化铝、氧化锆为主要原料,采用固相合成法制备了CaO-Al2O3-TiO2材料(范春红等.ZrO2对钙钛矿/六铝酸钙复相材料组成结构的影响[J],硅酸盐通报,2013,32(8):1534-1539)。然而,材料的高温化学稳定性不佳,降温过程中TiO2组分易发生脱溶,冷却后材料为钙钛矿/六铝酸钙复相材料,并非以含钛六铝酸钙的物相形式存在。采用的干磨加湿磨制备工艺,工艺复杂,能耗高,成本高。在与钛铝合金熔体接触时,由于材料组分不均,钙钛矿物相易受到Al组分侵蚀,而六铝酸钙物相则易受到Ti组分侵蚀。
Chen等以钛铁合金冶炼废渣为原料(Chen,et al.Microstructure andproperties of high alumina castables containing calcium alumino-titanate[J].International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,2018,15(6):1478-1483.),通过电熔重熔、均化、还原等技术手段,制备了CaO-Al2O3-TiO2材料。然而,采用的电熔法制备工艺能耗高于烧结法,成本较高,且制备工艺复杂;其次,材料中含钛六铝酸钙物相含量较低,存在大量的六铝酸钙、二铝酸钙及钛酸钙物相,物相组成过于复杂,导致化学稳定性及抗热震性能不佳;最后,在与钛铝合金熔体接触时,由于材料组分不均,易受到合金熔体的侵蚀。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的是提供一种成本低和工艺简单的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法;用该方法制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料化学稳定性好、抗热震性能好和抗钛铝合金熔体能力强。
为实现上述任务,本发明所采用的技术方案是:以60~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~20wt%的含钙微粉、10~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1500~1800℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙中的一种以上;含钙微粉粒径D50为1~10μm。
所述氧化钛微粉的TiO2含量≥90wt%;氧化钛微粉的粒径D50为1~10μm。
所述氧化亚锰微粉的MnO含量≥90wt%;氧化亚锰微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
(1)本发明以氧化铝微粉、含钙微粉、氧化钛微粉和氧化亚锰微粉为原料,混合均匀后机压成型,经干燥及高温热处理,制备得到含钛六铝酸钙材料,工艺简单。本发明采用的原料来源广泛;此外,采用烧结法制备含钛六铝酸钙材料,相比于电熔法,能耗较低;因此,生产成本低。
(2)本发明采用的含钙微粉在热处理过程中发生分解反应,形成高活性CaO粉体,能与其他微粉原料迅速反应;此外,引入的氧化亚锰微粉可以固溶进入取代铝离子及钛离子,一方面,促进原料反应形成Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19含钛六铝酸钙相,另一方面,可以稳定含钛六铝酸钙相的晶格,防止在降温过程中发生脱溶现象。因此,含钛六铝酸钙材料中的TiO2组分在冷却过程中能够稳定存在于含钛六铝酸钙相中,不易发生脱溶,化学稳定性好。
(3)本发明中的TiO2组分在升温-降温过程中都能够稳定存在于含钛六铝酸钙相中,避免了升温-降温过程中固溶-脱溶现象的发生,在发生温度变化时材料内部组分及结构变化不大,能有效减少热应力的产生概率,因此,含钛六铝酸钙材料抗热震性能好。
(4)本发明的制品中杂质相含量较低,主要物相组成是Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相,材料组分均匀,物相中兼具TiO2和Al2O3组分,在与钛铝合金熔体接触时,可以同时抑制合金熔体中Ti组分和Al组分与耐火材料的相互作用,因此,能够较好地抵御钛铝合金熔体的侵蚀,是制备钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料的理想原料。
本发明所制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于90wt%。
因此,本发明成本低和工艺简单,所制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料具有化学稳定性好、抗热震性能好和抗钛铝合金熔体能力强的特点,是制备钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料的理想原料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,先将本具体实施方式所涉及的原料统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
所述含钙微粉粒径D50为1~10μm。
所述氧化钛微粉的TiO2含量≥90wt%;氧化钛微粉的粒径D50为1~10μm。
所述氧化亚锰微粉的MnO含量≥90wt%;氧化亚锰微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
实施例1
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以60~65wt%的氧化铝微粉、15~20wt%的含钙微粉、15~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于92wt%。
实施例2
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以60~65wt%的氧化铝微粉、15~20wt%的含钙微粉、15~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为碳酸钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于92wt%。
实施例3
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以60~65wt%的氧化铝微粉、15~20wt%的含钙微粉、15~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于90wt%。
实施例4
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以60~65wt%的氧化铝微粉、15~20wt%的含钙微粉、15~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于90wt%。
实施例5
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以65~70wt%的氧化铝微粉、12~17wt%的含钙微粉、13~18wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为碳酸钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于93wt%。
实施例6
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以65~70wt%的氧化铝微粉、12~17wt%的含钙微粉、13~18wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于93wt%。
实施例7
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以65~70wt%的氧化铝微粉、12~17wt%的含钙微粉、13~18wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于91wt%。
实施例8
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以65~70wt%的氧化铝微粉、12~17wt%的含钙微粉、13~18wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为碳酸钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于90wt%。
实施例9
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以70~75wt%的氧化铝微粉、8~13wt%的含钙微粉、12~16wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于94wt%。
实施例10
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以70~75wt%的氧化铝微粉、8~13wt%的含钙微粉、12~16wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于94wt%。
实施例11
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以70~75wt%的氧化铝微粉、8~13wt%的含钙微粉、12~16wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为碳酸钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于91wt%。
实施例12
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以70~75wt%的氧化铝微粉、8~13wt%的含钙微粉、12~16wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于92wt%。
实施例13
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以75~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~10wt%的含钙微粉、10~14wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于95wt%。
实施例14
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以75~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~10wt%的含钙微粉、10~14wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~6wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为碳酸钙。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于95wt%。
实施例15
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以75~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~10wt%的含钙微粉、10~14wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~150MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在150~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1500~1650℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于92wt%。
实施例16
一种含钛六铝酸钙材料及其制备方法。以75~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~10wt%的含钙微粉、10~14wt%的氧化钛微粉和4~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在150~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~160℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1650~1800℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
本实施例制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于91wt%。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
(1)本具体实施方式以氧化铝微粉、含钙微粉、氧化钛微粉和氧化亚锰微粉为原料,混合均匀后机压成型,经干燥及高温热处理,制备得到含钛六铝酸钙材料,工艺简单。本具体实施方式采用的原料来源广泛;此外,采用烧结法制备含钛六铝酸钙材料,相比于电熔法,能耗较低;因此,生产成本低。
(2)本具体实施方式采用的含钙微粉在热处理过程中发生分解反应,形成高活性CaO粉体,能与其他微粉原料迅速反应;此外,引入的氧化亚锰微粉可以固溶进入取代铝离子及钛离子,一方面,促进原料反应形成Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19含钛六铝酸钙相,另一方面,可以稳定含钛六铝酸钙相的晶格,防止在降温过程中发生脱溶现象。因此,含钛六铝酸钙材料中的TiO2组分在冷却过程中能够稳定存在于含钛六铝酸钙相中,不易发生脱溶,化学稳定性好。
(3)本具体实施方式中的TiO2组分在升温-降温过程中都能够稳定存在于含钛六铝酸钙相中,避免了升温-降温过程中固溶-脱溶现象的发生,在发生温度变化时材料内部组分及结构变化不大,能有效减少热应力的产生概率,因此,含钛六铝酸钙材料抗热震性能好。
(4)本具体实施方式的制品中杂质相含量较低,主要物相组成是Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相,材料组分均匀,物相中兼具TiO2和Al2O3组分,在与钛铝合金熔体接触时,可以同时抑制合金熔体中Ti组分和Al组分与耐火材料的相互作用,因此,能够较好地抵御钛铝合金熔体的侵蚀,是制备钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料的理想原料。
本具体实施方式所制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料经检测:Ca((Al0.84Ti0.16)2)6O19相含量大于90wt%。
因此,本具体实施方式成本低和工艺简单,所制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料具有化学稳定性好、抗热震性能好和抗钛铝合金熔体能力强的特点,是制备钛铝合金熔炼用耐火材料的理想原料。

Claims (6)

1.一种含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法,其特征在于以60~80wt%的氧化铝微粉、5~20wt%的含钙微粉、10~20wt%的氧化钛微粉和1~10wt%的氧化亚锰微粉为原料,将所述原料在行星球磨机中混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将所述混合料在100~200MPa条件下机压成型,得到生坯;再将所述生坯在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1500~1800℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得含钛六铝酸钙材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述含钙微粉为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙中的一种以上;含钙微粉粒径D50为1~10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述氧化钛微粉的TiO2含量≥90wt%;氧化钛微粉的粒径D50为1~10μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述氧化亚锰微粉的MnO含量≥90wt%;氧化亚锰微粉的粒径D50为1~8μm。
6.一种含钛六铝酸钙材料,其特征在于所述含钛六铝酸钙材料是根据权利要求1~5项中任一项所述的含钛六铝酸钙材料的制备方法所制备的含钛六铝酸钙材料。
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