CN111347047B - 用于制造装饰性制品的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造装饰性制品(2)的方法,包括如下步骤:‑通过将包括金属材料的材料注射成型来制作坯件,‑对坯件机加工和/或抛光以形成产品,‑使产品成形以将凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案(3)印在所述产品的表面的一部分上,具有图案(3)的所述产品形成装饰性制品。本发明还涉及装饰性制品,尤其是由烧结材料制成的外部时计零件,所述烧结材料在其表面的一部分上具有通过成形过程制成的凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案(3)。优选地,烧结材料为5级钛合金(Ti6V4Al)或不锈钢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过MIM(金属注射成型)制造装饰性制品、特别是外部时计零件的方法。更精确地,本发明涉及用于制造装饰性制品的方法,在注射成型和任何机加工或精加工步骤之后,该装饰性制品旨在被凸印或凹印,以将凸起或凹陷的浮雕结构印在制品的表面的一部分上。本发明还涉及通过制造方法获得的制品。
背景技术
许多手表制造商在凸起或凹陷的浮雕中使用徽标,徽标使其品牌在时计上可见。现今,冷成形是在金属部件上产生具有很好的表面光洁度的凸印或凹印印花的最经济的方法。一些材料可具有高弹性极限,这将需要在成形过程期间施加显著的应力以便标记部件。特别地,包括5级钛(Ti-6Al-4V)的钛合金很难凸印/凹印,该钛合金因其良好的机械性能连同低密度而受欢迎。对于由5-15mm直径的线制成的时计部件(诸如表冠、推进器、或阀)来说特别如此,该线在拉线或拉拔过程期间经受材料的冷加工。高应力的施加,特别是在凸印/凹印操作期间,导致成形工具的高磨损率,以及制造成本相应地增加。进一步地,凸印/凹印由具有高弹性极限的材料制成的零件的难度导致零件的高废品率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出降低凸印/凹印工具的废品率和磨损的制造方法来克服上述缺点。
为此目的,本发明提出了用于制造装饰性制品并且特别是外部时计零件的方法,包括通过注射成型(也称为MIM)制作坯件的步骤,其中金属与粘结剂混合,然后注入模具中;工件然后在可控气氛炉中“脱粘”并且然后进行烧结。该方法避免了变形制造过程(诸如,拉线、轧制、拉拔等)固有的冷加工。如果随后利用较低的应力执行成形步骤,尤其是凸印或凹印,这一方面限制了工具的磨损,并且另一方面便于凸印/凹印并且因此与由常规拉拔、轧制或拉线材料制成的凸印/凹印制品相比降低了废品率。
优选地,通过注射成型制得的坯件形成半成品,在成形过程之前,该半成品旨在在随后的机加工步骤期间被制定尺寸。这使得使用具有给定几何形状的模具制造各种形状的装饰性制品成为可能,给定几何形状可为简单的,例如以坯段或铸锭的形式。这导致制造成本降低。
更具体地,根据本发明的方法适于制造由具有高弹性极限的材料(诸如Ti6Al4V或不锈钢)制成的装饰性制品。然而,本发明也不排除将该方法用于具有较低弹性极限的材料。
本发明还涉及通过该方法制得的装饰性制品,该装饰性制品通过其烧结结构来表征,该烧结结构在通过成形制成的表面的一部分上具有凸印或凹印图案。
更具体地,装饰性制品为外部时计零件,并且特别是阀、表冠、或推进器。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在以下参考附图通过非限制性示例的方式给出的优选实施例的描述中显现。
附图说明
图1a至图1c示意性地示出根据本发明的在阀的制造期间实施的各种步骤。
图2表示通过根据本发明的方法获得的阀的三维视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于制造由金属材料制成的装饰性制品的方法。装饰性制品可为手表、珠宝、表带、胸针、项链等的组成元件。在钟表学领域中,制品可为外部零件,诸如阀、推进器、表冠、壳中部、后盖、表圈、表带链环、表带钩扣、表盘等。更特别地,制品为控制构件(诸如表冠或推进器),或者更一般地,用户致动的构件(诸如阀)。通过说明的方式,通过本发明的方法制成的在阀头上具有徽标He(标记为3)的氦释放阀2在图2中示出。该制品优选由钛合金(诸如,5级钛(Ti-6Al-4V))制成,该钛合金以重量计包含6%的铝和4%的钒。其也可为不锈钢并且优选为无镍奥氏体不锈钢(诸如Böhler P570)或者具有镍(诸如316L不锈钢)。
用于制造制品的方法依次包括将坯件注射成型(也称之为MIM)的步骤、对坯件机加工和/或抛光的步骤、以及成形步骤以将凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案印在机加工和/或抛光的坯件上。优选地,坯件是旨在在机加工步骤期间被制定尺寸的半成品。因此,如用于阀2的图1a至图1c中示意性地示出,MIM制造过程可在于制造标准尺寸的圆柱形坯段1(图1a),然后对圆柱形坯段1进行切割机加工(例如,棒料车削)并且抛光以给予该圆柱形坯段期望的几何形状和光洁度(图1b)。该变型是优选的,这是因为其使得由同一模具制作具有不同几何形状的一组零件成为可能。显然,模具的形状根据待制作的制品类型来调适,并且可以具有另一简单形状,诸如铸锭形状。通过MIM过程制得的坯件具有与成品的几何形状基本上相同的几何形状也是可想到的。在此情况下,机加工和/或抛光步骤类似于精加工步骤而不是制定尺寸步骤。接下来,由机加工和/或抛光产生的产品被凸印以印制图案3(图1c),图案3在所示示例中处于凸起的浮雕中。
更详细地,制造方法包括如下步骤:
(a)通过将包括金属材料的材料注射成型来制作坯件。以已知的方式,将坯件注射成型(MIM)的步骤在于制备包含金属粉末和有机粘结剂系统(石蜡、聚乙烯等)的原料。接下来,例如通过热降解或通过溶解在溶剂中来注入原料并使原料脱粘。然后烧结坯件。根据本发明,金属粉末的d50包括在0.1至20μm之间,优选在8至15μm之间,并且在惰性气氛(例如,氩)下,烧结在包括在1100至1500℃之间,优选在1200至1350℃之间的温度下执行包括在1至10小时之间,优选在2至6小时之间的时间。
(b)对坯件机加工和/或抛光以获得产品。可以通过任何材料去除技术执行机加工。
(c)使该产品成形以将凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案印在所述产品的表面的一部分上。印制图案(也可以称为结构)的最后步骤优选为冷制过程。其可以在一次或多次通过中执行,在通过之间可能有热处理。
在成形之后,产品可能经受精加工处理,(诸如电化学处理(阳极氧化、磨削等))或者装饰性处理(诸如轧光或抛光处理)。
通过制造方法制得的制品具有由烧结材料制成的特性,烧结材料在其表面的一部分上具有通过成形制成的凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于制造装饰性制品的方法,包括如下步骤:
-通过将包括金属材料的材料注射成型来制作坯件,
-对所述坯件机加工以获得产品,
-使所述产品成形以将凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案(3)印在所述产品的表面的一部分上,具有所述图案(3)的所述产品形成所述装饰性制品,所述金属材料为钛合金或不锈钢,成形步骤为冷成形过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钛合金为合金Ti-6Al-4V。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述不锈钢为Böhler P570或316L钢。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装饰性制品为选自包括以下的列表的外部时计零件:推进器、表冠、阀(2)、壳中部、后盖、表圈、表带链环、表带钩扣、和表盘。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述坯件为半成品,所述半成品经受所述机加工步骤以获得具有与所述装饰性制品的三维尺寸相同的三维尺寸的所述产品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装饰性制品为选自以下中的外部时计零件:阀(2)、表冠、和推进器,并且其特征在于,所述半成品为圆柱形坯段(1)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述成形步骤之前,所述圆柱形坯段(1)经受所述机加工步骤。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过模制步骤制得的所述坯件具有与所述装饰性制品的三维尺寸相同的三维尺寸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在通过中执行冷成形步骤,在所述通过之间具有热处理。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制作坯件的步骤包括如下子步骤:
a)制作包含金属材料粉末和有机粘结剂系统的原料,所述金属材料粉末的d50包括在0.1至20μm之间,
b)注射成型以形成所述坯件,
c)使所述坯件脱粘,
d)在惰性气氛下,在包括在1100至1500℃之间的温度下烧结包括在1至10小时之间的时间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属材料粉末的d50包括在8至15μm之间。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述温度包括在1200至1350℃之间。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述时间包括在2至6小时之间。
14.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述成形步骤之后,具有所述图案(3)的所述产品经受精加工处理。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述精加工处理为电化学处理、轧光处理或抛光处理。
16.一种装饰性制品,其特征在于,所述制品由烧结材料制成,所述烧结材料在其表面的一部分上具有通过成形过程制成的凸起或凹陷的浮雕图案(3),所述烧结材料为钛合金或不锈钢,成形步骤为冷成形过程。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装饰性制品,其特征在于,所述制品为选自包括以下的列表的外部时计零件:推进器、表冠、阀(2)、壳中部、后盖、表圈、表带链环、和表带钩扣。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的装饰性制品,其特征在于,所述烧结材料由钛合金或不锈钢制成。
19.根据权利要求18所述的装饰性制品,其特征在于,所述钛合金为合金Ti-6Al-4V,并且其特征在于,所述不锈钢为Böhler P570或316L钢。
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