CN111333459A - Special organic fertilizer for tomato planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic fertilizer for tomato planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111333459A CN111333459A CN202010375820.4A CN202010375820A CN111333459A CN 111333459 A CN111333459 A CN 111333459A CN 202010375820 A CN202010375820 A CN 202010375820A CN 111333459 A CN111333459 A CN 111333459A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic fertilizer for tomato planting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45-55kg of wheat straw, 25-35kg of tomato straw, 4-6kg of decomposition agent and 4-6kg of biogas slurry slow-release microspheres. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is mainly made of natural organic materials, and no chemical fertilizer is added, so that the organic fertilizer is environment-friendly in the using process, cannot cause pollution to soil and water, is composed of plant straws and decomposed microbial inoculum outside, is provided with biogas slurry slow-release microspheres inside, achieves the purpose of releasing biogas slurry in soil along with slow disintegration of the microspheres in the soil, continues to provide nutrition, is more suitable for the growth cycle of tomatoes, can greatly reduce labor input of fertilization after long-term use, and has good economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special organic fertilizer for tomato planting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tomatoes have unique flavor and rich nutrition, can be used as both vegetables and fruits and are deeply favored by consumers, but most of the tomatoes planted at present have lower sugar content, slightly sour taste and poor mouthfeel. Meanwhile, as a big agricultural country, China has a large demand for fertilizers, but the effective utilization rate is not high due to the requirements of soil environment and chemical fertilizer properties, so that serious waste is caused, and the soil is salinized and hardened.
China is a country with the largest tomato cultivation area and the largest total production amount in the world, the purpose of ensuring stable production and yield increase of tomatoes is the most important, the low temperature suitable for growth of tomato roots is 18-20 ℃, the lowest temperature is 13 ℃, when the soil temperature is too low, the light and efficiency and growth and development of the tomatoes are directly influenced, and the root system activity of the tomatoes is reduced at the night temperature of less than 8.2 ℃, so the low temperature in winter or at night in cloudy days is an important problem in tomato production, but related fertilizers in the market mostly pay attention to the aspect of nutrition supply at present and neglect the root system temperature. Meanwhile, the tomatoes have less fertilizer requirement in the early growth stage and the fertilizer requirement in the full growth stage is increased rapidly, multiple topdressing needs to be carried out in the growth stage of the tomatoes when common fertilizers are applied, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizers is reduced, so that the development of the proper slow-release fertilizer for the tomatoes is also significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a special organic fertilizer for tomato planting and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45-55kg of wheat straw, 25-35kg of tomato straw, 4-6kg of decomposition agent and 4-6kg of biogas slurry slow-release microspheres.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50kg of wheat straw, 30kg of tomato straw, 5kg of decomposition maturing agent and 5kg of biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
Further, the preparation method of the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres comprises the following steps:
(1) livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use;
(2) taking 40g/L high methoxyl apple pectin solution, saponifying with 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, adding pure biogas slurry and lecithin, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain suspension;
(3) dripping the suspension into 50g/L zinc chloride solution, keeping for 10-20 minutes to obtain gel microspheres, taking out, cleaning, and drying to obtain the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
Further, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure biogas slurry obtained in the step 1 are respectively not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000 mg/L.
Further, the adding amount of the pure biogas slurry and the lecithin in the step 2 is 20% and 5% of the pectin solution respectively.
Further, the ultrasonic power in the step 2 is 200-300W, the frequency is 25-30kHz, and the time is 5-10 minutes.
Further, the decomposing inoculant comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus according to a mass ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1, and the bacterial count of the decomposing inoculant is not less than 5000 ten thousand per gram.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh and 150-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, the decomposing agent and the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and screening the granules obtained by granulation, weighing and packaging the granules with qualified particle size to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the fertilizer grains is controlled to be between 4 and 8mm during granulation.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting mainly comprises natural organic materials, and is free of any chemical fertilizer, so that the organic fertilizer is environment-friendly in the using process, and cannot cause pollution to soil and water.
2. A large amount of waste resources such as livestock and poultry manure are used in the material, biogas slurry is formed by fermenting the waste resources in a biogas digester and is recycled, substances such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium elements, organic matters, humic acid and the like contained in the material have a good promoting effect on the growth of tomatoes, random discharge of waste resources can be avoided, the discharge of chemical oxygen demand and the loss of nitrogen are reduced, and the material has great significance for protecting the environment and building ecological civilization.
3. The biogas slurry slow-release microspheres are creatively used as nutrient slow-release components in the fertilizer, wherein in the preparation of the slow-release microspheres, the positively charged quaternary ammonium groups in lecithin are combined with the negatively charged free carboxyl groups in high methoxyl apple pectin through electrostatic attraction, so that the formed double hydrophobic chains can enable biogas slurry to be more easily present in the microspheres and increase the encapsulation rate of the microspheres on the one hand, and also improve the hydrophobic property of the microspheres and prevent the invasion of water molecules on the other hand, thereby reducing the swelling property of the microspheres, prolonging the disintegration rate of the microspheres in a soil humid environment and achieving the purpose of slow release.
4. Aiming at the characteristic that the optimum temperature of the root system of the tomato is 18-20 ℃ in the planting process, the fertilizer raw materials mainly comprise the fine crushed powder of wheat straws and tomato straws, and the use of a decomposition agent is combined, so that a small straw bioreactor can be formed after the fertilizer raw materials are applied, a large amount of heat and nutrient organic substances are generated through straw decomposition and aerobic fermentation, wherein the heat can be conducted upwards, the temperature of the soil of the root system of the tomato is kept buffered, and the fertilizer plays a positive role in improving the yield of the tomato under the conditions of continuous cloudy days and lack of solar radiation.
5. The fertilizer granules are externally composed of plant straws and decomposed microbial inoculum, and internally provided with biogas slurry slow-release microspheres, so that the purpose of releasing biogas slurry and continuously providing nutrition is achieved along with slow disintegration of the microspheres in soil, the fertilizer granules are more suitable for the growth cycle of tomatoes, labor input of fertilization can be greatly reduced after long-term use, and the fertilizer granules have better economic value.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45kg of wheat straw, 25kg of tomato straw, 4kg of decomposition maturing agent and 4kg of biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
The preparation method of the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres comprises the following steps:
(1) livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting the mixture into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure methane liquid are not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000mg/L respectively;
(2) taking 40g/L high methoxyl apple pectin solution, saponifying with 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, adding 20% pure biogas slurry and 5% lecithin into the pectin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 200W and 25kHz for 10 minutes to obtain suspension;
(3) dripping the suspension into 50g/L zinc chloride solution, keeping for 10 minutes to obtain gel microspheres, taking out, cleaning, and drying to obtain the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
The decomposing inoculant comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1, and the bacterial count of the decomposing inoculant is not less than 5000 ten thousand per gram.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting comprises the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, the decomposing agent and the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and (4) screening the granules obtained by granulation, keeping the particle size of the granules between 4 and 8mm, weighing and packaging the granules to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 55kg of wheat straw, 35kg of tomato straw, 6kg of decomposition agent and 6kg of biogas slurry slow-release microspheres.
The preparation method of the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres comprises the following steps:
(1) livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting the mixture into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure methane liquid are not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000mg/L respectively;
(2) taking 40g/L high methoxyl apple pectin solution, saponifying with 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, adding 20% pure biogas slurry and 5% lecithin into the pectin solution, and ultrasonically dispersing at 300W and 30kHz for 5 minutes to obtain suspension;
(3) dripping the suspension into 50g/L zinc chloride solution, keeping for 20 minutes to obtain gel microspheres, taking out, cleaning, and drying to obtain the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
The decomposing inoculant comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1, and the bacterial count of the decomposing inoculant is not less than 5000 ten thousand per gram.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting comprises the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing and sieving with a 150-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, the decomposing agent and the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and (4) screening the granules obtained by granulation, keeping the particle size of the granules between 4 and 8mm, weighing and packaging the granules to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50kg of wheat straw, 30kg of tomato straw, 5kg of decomposition maturing agent and 5kg of biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
The preparation method of the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres comprises the following steps:
(1) livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting the mixture into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure methane liquid are not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000mg/L respectively;
(2) taking 40g/L high methoxyl apple pectin solution, saponifying with 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, adding 20% pure biogas slurry and 5% lecithin into the pectin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 250W and 27kHz for 8 minutes to obtain suspension;
(3) dripping the suspension into 50g/L zinc chloride solution, keeping for 15 minutes to obtain gel microspheres, taking out, cleaning, and drying to obtain the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
The decomposing inoculant comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1, and the bacterial count of the decomposing inoculant is not less than 5000 ten thousand per gram.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting comprises the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, the decomposing agent and the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and (4) screening the granules obtained by granulation, keeping the particle size of the granules between 4 and 8mm, weighing and packaging the granules to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
Different from the embodiment, the common EM microbial inoculum is used for replacing a decomposing agent in the raw materials, and meanwhile, the biogas slurry is directly mixed in the fertilizer after being treated without microsphere slow release treatment, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50kg of wheat straw, 30kg of tomato straw, 5kg of EM microbial inoculum and 5kg of biogas slurry.
The preparation method of the biogas slurry comprises the following steps: livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting the mixture into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure methane liquid are not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000mg/L respectively;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting comprises the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, EM microbial inoculum and biogas slurry into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and (4) screening the granules obtained by granulation, keeping the particle size of the granules between 4 and 8mm, weighing and packaging the granules to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The fertilizers obtained in the examples 1, 2 and 3 and the comparative example 1 are tested in a plastic greenhouse, the soil of the test field is brown soil, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are respectively 95.6mg/kg, 71.4mg/kg and 89.1mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 3.68 percent, the pH value is 6.6, the test material is annual tomatoes, and the variety is Chaiguan king.
The experiment was designed using a fully randomized block for a total of 4 treatments, 3 replicates. Examples 1, 2, 3 and comparative example 1 were given, respectively. The cell area is 12m2(1.5m × 8m) until the tomatoes are ripe, the root system, the yield and the quality related data of the tomatoes are measured, and the results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3:
TABLE 1
| Root length (cm) | Fresh weight of root system (g) | Root system Dry weight (g) | |
| Example 1 | 43.71 | 31.29 | 6.83 |
| Example 2 | 42.80 | 30.67 | 6.76 |
| Example 3 | 43.84 | 31.55 | 6.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | 41.06 | 26.42 | 5.60 |
TABLE 2
| Weight of single fruit (g) | Yield (t/hm)2) | Incidence (%) | |
| Example 1 | 216.4 | 137.4 | 5.34 |
| Example 2 | 219.7 | 139.9 | 5.59 |
| Example 3 | 221.3 | 140.7 | 4.82 |
| Comparative example 1 | 185.9 | 114.2 | 8.17 |
TABLE 3
| Soluble sugar (%) | Vc(mg/g) | Titratable acid (%) | |
| Example 1 | 3.41 | 0.44 | 0.31 |
| Example 2 | 3.37 | 0.39 | 0.28 |
| Example 3 | 3.46 | 0.45 | 0.29 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3.08 | 0.31 | 0.43 |
The fertilizer disclosed by the invention can effectively increase the root system quality of tomato plants, provides a strong foundation for the vigorous growth of the tomato plants, and can promote the increase of the tomato yield by virtue of the slow-release effect, greatly improve the quality of the tomatoes and play a good role in promoting the improvement of the planting benefits of the tomatoes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45-55kg of wheat straw, 25-35kg of tomato straw, 4-6kg of decomposition agent and 4-6kg of biogas slurry slow-release microspheres.
2. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 1, characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50kg of wheat straw, 30kg of tomato straw, 5kg of decomposition maturing agent and 5kg of biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
3. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres comprises the following steps:
(1) livestock and poultry manure and tobacco stems are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and putting into a methane tank for fermentation, performing solid-liquid separation on the obtained product, collecting liquid, centrifuging and collecting supernatant to obtain pure methane liquid for later use;
(2) taking 40g/L high methoxyl apple pectin solution, saponifying with 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, adding pure biogas slurry and lecithin, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain suspension;
(3) dripping the suspension into 50g/L zinc chloride solution, keeping for 10-20 minutes to obtain gel microspheres, taking out, cleaning, and drying to obtain the biogas slurry sustained-release microspheres.
4. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 3, wherein the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of the pure biogas slurry obtained in step 1 are not lower than 2500mg/L, 450mg/L and 1000mg/L respectively.
5. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 3, wherein the addition amounts of the pure biogas slurry and the lecithin in the step 2 are 20% and 5% of the pectin solution, respectively.
6. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic power in step 2 is 200-300W, the frequency is 25-30kHz, and the time is 5-10 minutes.
7. The organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus according to a mass ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1, and the bacterial count of the decomposing inoculant is not less than 5000 ten thousand per gram.
8. A preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking wheat straws and tomato straws, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh and 150-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) feeding the straw powder, the decomposing agent and the biogas slurry slow-release microspheres into a rotary drum granulator through a feeding port, and adding a binder for granulation;
(3) and screening the granules obtained by granulation, weighing and packaging the granules with qualified particle size to obtain the organic fertilizer.
9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer special for tomato planting according to claim 8, wherein the particle size of fertilizer particles is controlled to be 4-8mm during granulation.
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Application publication date: 20200626 |