CN111328494A - Germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds - Google Patents
Germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241001528569 Malus toringoides Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds, and relates to the field of plant seedling propagation. The germination accelerating method for the malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, and covering a layer of wet sand on the seeds for low-temperature lamination; taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, and soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to soak the seed coat; carrying out indoor germination acceleration on the soaked seeds until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and white; arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil. The germination accelerating method for the malus variabilis or malus spectabilis seeds improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling propagation, in particular to a germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds.
Background
Malus toringoides (Malus toringoides)Malus toringoides(Rehd.) Hughes) of the Rosaceae family(Rosaceae)Genus Malus(Malus)A plant. Similar to Malus toringoides, Malus toringoides (A. sempervirens)Malustransitoria(Batal.) Schneid) also belongs to the genus Malus of the Rosaceae family. Researches show that the malus toringoides and the malus hybridus have species affinity, geographical affinity and very similar biological characteristics, morphological characteristics and the like. Malus toringoides and Malus sieboldii are mainly distributed in West Sichuan, southern Gansu, eastern Tibet and east Qinghai. The malus toringoides and the malus toringoides have good social benefit and economic benefit, and the following aspects are mainly achieved: (1) the fruit is processed and utilized, the malus spectabilis (flower) is a natural wild species, the fruit is a pure natural pollution-free green food, the polysaccharide content is high, the fruit contains rich vitamins, the fruit also contains 7 kinds of amino acids essential to human bodies, and the mineral elements and trace elements are also rich. (2) Tea is prepared from tender leaves, wherein the tea prepared from tender leaves of malus spectabilis or leaves developed by Ministry of forestry in the county of Kaihong, and the tea is rich in protein, carbohydrate, various vitamins and trace elements beneficial to human bodies; has effects in lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, reducing blood lipid, resisting anoxia, caring skin, promoting blood circulation, dispelling blood stasis, and stimulating appetite. (3) The apple tree stock is utilized, and the malus variegates or malus floribunda is utilized as the apple tree stock, has the advantages of good grafting affinity, strong growth of grafted seedlings, large leaves, strong stress resistance, semi-dwarfing, early fruiting, high yield, improvement of fruit quality and the like, and is an extremely important apple germplasm resource. (4) Ecological restoration, developed root systems of the malus variegates or malus spectabilis, beautiful tree forms and strong stress resistance, and is a good ecological restoration tree species. (5) The potted landscape is developed, the begonia leaves or flowering crabapple belongs to shrubs to small trees, the flowers are white, the leaves are light green, and the trees are full of red fruits after the fruits are mature, so the potted landscape is an ideal ornamental greening tree species.
In the prior art, malus toringoides or malus spectabilis are propagated by adopting conventional sowing and seedling raising, namely, the malus spectabilis is subjected to germination acceleration by adopting a warm water seed soaking mode before sowing, and then is subjected to seedling raising and transplanting by adopting a conventional sowing and seedling raising mode. The method has the defects that the germination rate and the emergence rate of seeds are low, the seed using amount is large, the time difference between germination and emergence is large, mass propagation is difficult, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the germination accelerating method for the malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds is provided, the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds are improved in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and the time difference between germination and emergence is shortened, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a germination accelerating method for malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, and covering a layer of wet sand on the seeds for low-temperature lamination;
(2) taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, and soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to soak the seed coat;
(3) carrying out indoor germination acceleration on the soaked seeds until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and white;
(4) arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
In the technical scheme, the method adopts a mode of combining low-temperature stratification, indoor germination acceleration and seedbed germination acceleration to accelerate germination, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of seeds are greatly improved, and the use amount of the seeds is reduced; shorten the germination and emergence time, promote the uniform growth of tender shoots and seedlings, improve the survival rate and reduce the cost of breeding.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for Malus spectabilis seeds, which comprises the following steps of (1), wherein the water content of wet sand is 25-35 wt%, the thickness of the wet sand at the bottom of a pit is 8-15cm, the thickness of cover sand is 1-2cm, and the cover sand layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of a laminated pit.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, a certain amount of water is beneficial to promoting the seeds to be in the dormancy state; the cover sand can preserve heat and moisture on one hand, and can prevent excessive consumption of nutrient substances on the other hand.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for Malus spectabilis seeds with variable leaves or flowering leaves, which is characterized in that hollow straws are inserted into a laminated pit every 0.5-0.8m, and the bottoms of the straws are positioned on a wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the hollow straws can pour air into the layering pits, so that the seeds are prevented from mildewing in the layering process, and the quality of the seeds is ensured.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds, which comprises the following low-temperature stratification conditions: laminating at 2-5 deg.C and 50-60% relative humidity for 40-60 days.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for Malus spectabilis seeds or Malus spectabilis seeds, which is characterized in that gibberellin is added into hot water in the step (2), and the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-300 mg/L.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gibberellin can release substances such as abscisic acid, ethylene and the like which inhibit the growth of the embryo in the seed, so that the embryo is promoted to be converted from a dormant state to a growth state, and the germination of the seed is promoted.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for malus variegata seeds or malus spectabilis seeds, in the step (3), the indoor germination accelerating conditions are as follows: standing at 28-35 deg.C and relative humidity of 80-90% for 24-48 h.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the germination of the seeds is further promoted under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, and the germination time is shortened.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for begonia seeds with changed leaves or flowering leaves, in the step (4), a seedbed soil layer is loam or sandy loam, the thickness is more than 60cm, the gradient of the seedbed is not more than 10 degrees, and the temperature of the seedbed is controlled at 18-25 ℃.
The germination accelerating method for the malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds has the seeding density of 12-15 kg/mu.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds, wherein a seedbed is arranged by adopting the following method: drying the decomposed farmyard manure, then drying the farmyard manure, ensuring that the grain size is 1-2cm, applying the farmyard manure to a seedbed at the application rate of 300 kg/mu of 240 plus materials, turning the seedbed to a turning depth of 25-40cm, spraying 2-3 wt% of ferrous sulfate solution in the turning process, spraying 150kg of plus materials per mu, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.0-7.0 by using wood vinegar.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the decomposed farmyard manure provides fertility for the seedbed and avoids bringing pathogenic bacteria. The seedbed is disinfected by the ferrous sulfate solution, and the pyroligneous liquor is a condensed and recovered liquor of pyrolysis components of wood in the charcoal burning process, is used for adjusting the pH value of soil to be acidic, has natural components, does not pollute the seedbed, contains various nutritional components and effectively promotes seed germination.
The invention relates to a germination accelerating method for begonia variabilis or flowering crab seeds, which comprises the steps of clearing up a seedbed, watering with a sodium selenite solution, and then carrying out artificial sowing, wherein the concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 200-300 mg/L.
By adopting the technical scheme, the selenium element promotes the growth of the embryo and improves the disease resistance of the embryo, thereby improving the seedling strengthening rate of the seeds and effectively inhibiting rotten seedlings and diseases.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a germination accelerating method for malus variabilis seeds or malus spectabilis seeds, which adopts a mode of combining low-temperature stratification, indoor germination acceleration and seedbed germination acceleration to accelerate germination, greatly improves the germination rate and emergence rate of the seeds, and reduces the use amount of the seeds; shorten the germination and emergence time, promote the uniform growth of tender shoots and seedlings, improve the survival rate and reduce the cost of breeding.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a germination accelerating method for malus variegata or malus spectabilis seeds, which improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; and paving a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving the seeds on the wet sand, and covering a layer of wet sand on the seeds for low-temperature lamination.
Step two: taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, and soaking in 45-50 deg.C hot water for 18-24 hr to soak the seed coat.
Step three: and carrying out indoor germination acceleration on the soaked seeds until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and white.
Step four: arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a germination accelerating method for malus variegata or malus spectabilis seeds, which improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving wet sand with the thickness of 8-15cm at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, covering the seeds with the wet sand with the thickness of 1-2cm, performing low-temperature lamination, wherein the sand covering layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of the laminated pit, inserting a hollow straw every 0.5-0.8m, the bottom of the straw is positioned on the wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit, and then performing low-temperature lamination.
Step two: taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, and soaking in 45-50 deg.C hot water for 18-24 hr to soak the seed coat.
Step three: and carrying out indoor germination acceleration on the soaked seeds until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and white.
Step four: arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a germination accelerating method for malus variegata or malus spectabilis seeds, which improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving wet sand with the thickness of 8-15cm at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, covering the seeds with the wet sand with the thickness of 1-2cm, performing low-temperature lamination, wherein the sand covering layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of the lamination pit, inserting a hollow straw every 0.5-0.8m, the bottom of the straw is positioned on the wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit, and then laminating for 40-60 days under the conditions that the temperature is 2-5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50-60%.
Step two: taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to infiltrate seed coat and promote germination, wherein the hot water is added with gibberellin with concentration of 200-300 mg/L.
Step three: and (3) placing the soaked seeds for 24-48h under the conditions that the temperature is 28-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90% to carry out indoor germination acceleration until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and exposed to white.
Step four: arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a germination accelerating method for malus variegata or malus spectabilis seeds, which improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving wet sand with the thickness of 8-15cm at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, covering the seeds with the wet sand with the thickness of 1-2cm, performing low-temperature lamination, wherein the sand covering layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of the lamination pit, inserting a hollow straw every 0.5-0.8m, the bottom of the straw is positioned on the wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit, and then laminating for 40-60 days under the conditions that the temperature is 2-5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50-60%.
Step two: taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to infiltrate seed coat and promote germination, wherein the hot water is added with gibberellin with concentration of 200-300 mg/L.
Step three: and (3) placing the soaked seeds for 24-48h under the conditions that the temperature is 28-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90% to carry out indoor germination acceleration until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and exposed to white.
Step four: selecting a land with a gradient not more than 10 degrees, a soil layer of loam or sandy loam and a thickness of more than 60cm to manufacture a seedbed: drying the decomposed farmyard manure, then drying the farmyard manure, ensuring that the grain size is 1-2cm, applying the farmyard manure to a seedbed at the application rate of 300 kg/mu of 240 plus materials, turning the seedbed to a turning depth of 25-40cm, spraying 2-3 wt% of ferrous sulfate solution in the turning process, spraying 150kg of plus materials per mu, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.0-7.0 by using wood vinegar. And (3) arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a germination accelerating method for malus variegata or malus spectabilis seeds, which improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds in a multiple germination accelerating mode, and shortens the time difference between germination and emergence, so that the seed usage amount is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving wet sand with the thickness of 8-15cm at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, covering the seeds with the wet sand with the thickness of 1-2cm, performing low-temperature lamination, wherein the sand covering layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of the lamination pit, inserting a hollow straw every 0.5-0.8m, the bottom of the straw is positioned on the wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit, and then laminating for 40-60 days under the conditions that the temperature is 2-5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50-60%.
Step two: taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to infiltrate seed coat and promote germination, wherein the hot water is added with gibberellin with concentration of 200-300 mg/L.
Step three: and (3) placing the soaked seeds for 24-48h under the conditions that the temperature is 28-35 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90% to carry out indoor germination acceleration until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and exposed to white.
Step four: selecting a land with a gradient not more than 10 degrees, a soil layer of loam or sandy loam and a thickness of more than 60cm to manufacture a seedbed: drying the decomposed farmyard manure, then drying the farmyard manure, ensuring that the grain size is 1-2cm, applying the farmyard manure to a seedbed at the application rate of 300 kg/mu of 240 plus materials, turning the seedbed to a turning depth of 25-40cm, spraying 2-3 wt% of ferrous sulfate solution in the turning process, spraying 150kg of plus materials per mu, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.0-7.0 by using wood vinegar. After the seedbed is arranged, the seedbed is thoroughly watered with 300mg/L sodium selenite solution with the concentration of 200-15 mg/L, then the manual sowing is carried out with the density of 12-15 kg/mu, humus soil is covered, then crushed straws are covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the temperature of the seedbed is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, and the straws are removed when sprouts are covered with soil.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A germination accelerating method for malus variegatus or malus spectabilis seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a shady and leeward part, manufacturing a laminated pit, and digging drainage ditches around the laminated pit; paving a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, uniformly paving seeds on the wet sand, and covering a layer of wet sand on the seeds for low-temperature lamination;
(2) taking out the seeds from the laminated pit, and soaking in hot water at 45-50 deg.C for 18-24 hr to soak the seed coat;
(3) carrying out indoor germination acceleration on the soaked seeds until 25% -30% of the seeds are broken and white;
(4) arranging a seedbed, manually sowing, covering humus soil, covering crushed straws for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and removing the straws when the sprouts arch soil.
2. The germination accelerating method for Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the moisture content of the wet sand is 25-35 (wt)%, the thickness of the wet sand at the bottom of the pit is 8-15cm, the thickness of the cover sand is 1-2cm, and the cover sand layer is 10-15cm lower than the top of the stratification pit.
3. The germination accelerating method for Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein a hollow stalk is inserted every 0.5-0.8m in the stacking pit, and the bottom of the stalk is located in the wet sand layer at the bottom of the pit.
4. The germination accelerating method for Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the low temperature stratification condition is: laminating at 2-5 deg.C and 50-60% relative humidity for 40-60 days.
5. The germination accelerating method for Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein gibberellin is added to the hot water in the step (2) at a concentration of 200-300 mg/L.
6. The germination accelerating method for Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), indoor germination accelerating conditions are as follows: standing at 28-35 deg.C and relative humidity of 80-90% for 24-48 h.
7. The method for accelerating germination of Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step (4), the soil layer of the seedbed is loam or sandy loam with a thickness of 60cm or more, the slope of the seedbed is not more than 10 °, and the temperature of the seedbed is controlled to 18-25 ℃.
8. The germination accelerating method for begonia variegated or flowering seeds as claimed in claim 7, wherein the seeding density is 12-15 kg/acre.
9. The method for accelerating germination of Malus toringoides or Malus spectabilis seeds as claimed in claim 8, wherein the seedbed is prepared by the following method: drying the decomposed farmyard manure, then drying the farmyard manure, ensuring that the grain size is 1-2cm, applying the farmyard manure to a seedbed at the application rate of 300 kg/mu of 240 plus materials, turning the seedbed to a turning depth of 25-40cm, spraying 2-3 wt% of ferrous sulfate solution in the turning process, spraying 150kg of plus materials per mu, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.0-7.0 by using wood vinegar.
10. The germination accelerating method for begonia variabilis or flowering crab seeds as claimed in claim 9, wherein the sodium selenite solution is used for manual sowing after the seedbed is arranged and the seedbed is watered thoroughly, and the concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 200-300 mg/L.
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