CN111317777A - 一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤 - Google Patents
一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,可有效解决治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的用药问题,由杜仲15‑20g、菟丝子20‑30g、炒苍术10‑15g、白术10‑15g、清半夏10‑15g、茯苓10‑20g、香附10‑15g、陈皮10‑15g和桂枝3‑6g制成,其中,上述药物加水400‑600mL,在18‑25℃下,浸泡15‑25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20‑30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300‑400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10‑15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可,本发明原料丰富,制备方法简单,成本低,易服用,效果好,具有温肾助孕、理气化痰之功效,是治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症上创新。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药,特别是一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤(温肾化痰方)。
背景技术
多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是以持续稀发排卵或无排卵、高雄激素血症或高雄激素的临床表现、卵巢呈多囊化表现为主要特征,为妇科内分泌的常见疾病,在我国育龄期女性的发病率为5%~15%,多囊卵巢综合征是导致不孕的主要内分泌排卵障碍性疾病之一,在多囊卵巢综合征女性中约90%患不孕症。在我国受人民生活质量的改善,膳食结构的变化以及运动量的减少,肥胖者增多等因素的影响,多囊卵巢综合征患者的数量随之迅速增加。不仅影响患者的生育功能,而且代谢综合征的发生率高达43%~46%,增加患2型糖尿病、非酒精脂肪肝、心脑血管疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、子宫内膜癌的风险,同时焦虑、抑郁的发生率也会提高。严重影响患者的身心健康及生活质量。
研究表明,PCOS发病机制与遗传因素、激素糖脂代谢异常、炎症及环境、心理因素有关,卵泡发育与下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴关系密切,由于垂体对下丘脑释放的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的敏感性增加,分泌过量的黄体生成素(LH),作用于卵巢,分泌过量雄激素(T),虽然抑制卵泡成熟,但是不影响卵泡募集,卵巢中的小卵泡持续分泌雌二醇(E2),雌激素对LH呈正反馈,形成持续高水平LH,无LH排卵峰,雌激素对卵泡刺激素(FSH)呈负反馈,形成持续低水平FSH,抑制小卵泡的继续发育,恶性循环下,卵泡发育受限。2006年美国雄激素过多协会(Androgen Excess Society,AES)把高雄激素血症(HA)作为PCOS诊断的必要条件,有研究指出,PCOS患者由于IR上调雄激素水平,刺激颗粒细胞分泌过量的抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH),血清抗苗勒氏管激素可抑制性腺分泌甾体激素,降低卵泡对卵泡刺激素(FSH)敏感性,调控始基卵泡募集,影响卵泡发育与排卵。近年来有学者发现,PCOS患者外周血中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素6(IL-6)、IL-17、IL-18等水平增高,提示PCOS是一种慢性非特异性炎症性疾病。
PCOS主要表现为肥胖、闭经、月经稀发、痤疮、多毛、皮脂溢出、卵巢多囊样改变等。现代医学治疗主要采用激素对抗、促排卵以及胰岛素增敏剂等方法,虽有一定的临床疗效,但长期使用易发生子宫内膜增生、增加卵巢过度刺激征的风险,以及肝脏损害。研究显示在西药治疗的基础上运用传统中医药能够提高疗效,减少不良反应,改善预后。而中医药在治疗本病方面则有着较好的优势,因此,在诊疗过程中要充分发挥中医药的优势,承古方、拓新术,更好的为多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者服务,提高妊娠率,减轻患者的经济压力,慰平患者的精神负担。
PCOS属于传统中医学“不孕”“崩漏”“月经失调”等范畴,其发病与肾-天癸-冲任-胞宫轴的调节活动紧密相关。肾为先天之本,藏精,主生殖,肾精化气,肾气的充沛与否直接影响天癸的盛衰。后天肾气受损、先天不足或命门衰败,肾气不充,温煦脾土不足致脾阳虚,气血生化缺乏动力,冲任空虚,血海无以充溢,血海空虚,导致月经不调;肾气、血海亏虚,或肾阳虚,或肾阴虚,胞宫胞脉无以正常供养,胞宫缺乏温煦,精血耗损,均可致不孕。《周易》记载“妇三岁而不孕”,不孕病名首次提出。《素问·上古天真论》则认为肾气盛,天癸至,任通冲盛,月事以时下,肾气盛是受孕的基础。《神农本草经》云“女子风寒在子宫,绝孕十年无子”,《金匮要略》云“亦主妇人少腹寒,久不受胎”,均提出风寒之邪侵袭胞宫是不孕的主要原因。除与胞宫有关外,张景岳认为不孕与肝亦有关系,“情怀不畅,则冲任不充,冲任不充则胎孕不受”,明确提出七情不畅也可导致不孕。
随着居民饮食结构的改变,以及生活节奏加快,肥胖人群数量逐渐增多,故痰湿内阻较为多见,加之平素脾肾阳虚或忧思劳倦,饮食不节或情志不畅,肝木犯脾,均可导致脾失健运、水湿内停,而肾阳虚不能化气行水,则聚湿成痰;或嗜食肥甘厚味,痰湿内生,导致子宫不能启动氤氲之气而不孕。现虽有治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的多种药物,但由于种种原因,特别是配配伍的组方和用量上存在的问题,其使用和疗效并不尽人意,因此,治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症中药物上的改进和创新势在必行。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为克服现有技术之缺陷,本发明涉及一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,可有效解决治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的用药问题。
本发明解决的技术方案是,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲15-20g、菟丝子20-30g、炒苍术10-15g、白术10-15g、清半夏10-15g、茯苓10-20g、香附10-15g、陈皮10-15g和桂枝3-6g制成,其中,杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
本发明原料丰富,制备方法简单,成本低,易服用,效果好,具有温肾助孕、理气化痰之功效,是治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症上创新,有显著的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
本发明在具体实施中,可由以下实施例给出。
实施例1
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲18g、菟丝子25g、炒苍术12g、白术13g、清半夏12g、茯苓15g、香附13g、陈皮12g和桂枝4.5g制成,其中,杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例2
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子30g、炒苍术10g、白术10g、清半夏10g、茯苓10g、香附10g、陈皮10g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例3
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲15g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓15g、香附10g、陈皮12g和桂枝3g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例4
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲15g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附15g、陈皮12g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例5
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子25g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏12g、茯苓20g、香附15g、陈皮15g和桂枝3g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例6
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术10g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附12g、陈皮12g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
实施例7
本发明在具体实施中,一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子30g、炒苍术12g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附12g、陈皮15g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
上述药物的有效组合,互相支持,并经科学制备,具有温肾助孕、理气化痰之功效,有效用于肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症。杜仲、菟丝子补肾益精,补先天之本为君药,白术、苍术健脾燥湿,治生痰之源为臣药,陈皮、半夏、茯苓燥湿化痰、理气和中,香附理气化滞,桂枝温阳利水为佐使药,并经实验取得了非常好的有益技术效果,有关实验资料如下:
一、选择病例的标准
不孕症指育龄女性无避孕性生活至少12个月而未受孕;
PCOS以持续稀发排卵或无排卵、高雄激素血症或高雄激素的临床表现、卵巢呈多囊化表现为主要特征,主要表现为肥胖、闭经、月经稀发、痤疮、多毛、皮脂溢出、卵巢多囊样改变等,凡具有上述症状,均可作为选择病例的标准。
二、诊断标准
西医诊断标准:
采用2018年多囊卵巢综合征中国诊疗计划指南诊断标准,具体如下:
疑似PCOS诊断:月经稀发、闭经或不规则子宫出血是诊断的必须条件。另外,再符合下列2项中的1项,即可诊断为疑似PCOS:①高雄激素的临床表现或高雄激素血症。②超声表现为多囊卵巢(polycystic ovary,PCO)。
明确诊断:具备上述疑似PCOS诊断条件后还必须逐一排除其他可能引起高雄激素的疾病和引起排卵异常的疾病才能确定诊断。
中医诊断标准:
参照我国2012中华中医药学会《中医妇科常见病诊疗指南》和2016年中国中医药出版《中医妇科学》(谈勇主编)相关内容制定:
主症:月经后期、稀发渐至闭经或月经频发至崩漏,婚后不孕。
舌脉:舌淡胖,苔薄白或白腻,脉沉滑或细濡。
主症必备,符合次症中至少三项及典型舌苔脉象者,即可辩证为肾虚痰湿。
纳入标准
(1)满足西医PCOS诊断标准患者;
(2)满足中医肾虚痰湿型PCOS诊断标准患者;
(3)满足不孕症诊断标准患者;
(4)年龄在22-40岁之间;
(5)自愿同意接受该临床试验,告知并同意签署知情同意书。
排除标准
(1)男性因素不育者;
(2)由其他原因导致不孕症患者,如免疫性不孕,输卵管性不孕,染色体异常引起的不孕,卵巢囊肿、卵巢早衰引起的不孕,子宫畸形、子宫腺肌症、子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉、盆腔粘连、黄体功能不足引起的不孕,宫颈先天畸形和创伤引起的不孕及高泌乳素血症引起的不孕;
(3)不按规定规律用药及精神病者;
(4)服本药过敏者;
(5)患者合并心脑血管、肝、肾等原发性疾病
三、治疗方案(以实施例1为例)
根据临床症状,经诊断确诊为肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的患者,采用本发明中药汤进行治疗,于月经来潮第5天开始口服,每日早晚各一次,口服,每次200mL,连服21日,月经来潮第5天开始下一个疗程,共3个疗程,两个疗程统计疗效。
二、疗效评定标准
标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》月经不调章节及《中医临床病证诊断疗效标准》中不孕章节及内容。
(1)显效:治疗后月经周期、经量恢复正常,临床症状明显改善,内分泌激素水平恢复正常,症状积分疗效指数≥70%,或受孕;(2)有效:治疗后月经周期缩短接近正常,临床症状有较大改善,内分泌激素水平接近正常,症状积分疗效指数≥30%;(3)无效:月经周期无明显变化,临床症状及内分泌激素水平均无改善,症状积分疗效指数<30%;(4)妊娠率:妊娠率=临床妊娠人数/总样本量×100%,排卵率=(排卵总周期数÷总用药周期数)×100%
中医证候疗效判定
采用治疗前后症状积分的差值与治疗前症状积分的百分比作为疗效判定值,具体如下:
计算公式(尼莫地群法):疗效指数(n)=(治疗前积分一治疗后积分)/治疗前积分×100%。
(2)显效:治疗后中医症候疗效指数70%<n≤95%;
(3)有效:治疗后中医症候疗效指数30%<n≤70%;
(4)无效:治疗后中医症候疗效指数n≤30%。
月经周期疗效判定标准
(1)显效:治疗3个疗程后连续6个月其中有4次月经周期;
(2)有效:治疗3个疗程后连续6个月其中有2次月经周期;
(3)无效:治疗3个疗程后连续6个月其中有1次月经周期。
妊娠、排卵疗效判定标准
(1)显效:治疗3个疗程后连续6个月其中有4次超声提示出现排卵但未受孕;
(2)有效:治疗3个疗程后连续6个月其中有2次超声提示出现排卵但未受孕;
(3)无效:治疗3个疗程后连续3个月超声监测无正常排卵表现。
五、统计学处理
经对确诊的肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者50例,年龄最大者40岁,最小者22岁,按照本发明给出的中药汤和治疗方案进行治疗后,经统计学处理,结果如下:
例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率% |
50 | 28 | 18 | 4 | 92% |
在对实施例1进行临床试验的同时,还对其他实施例也进行了试验,均取得了相同和相近似的结果,这里不一一列举。
六、结论
由上述可以看出,本发明原料丰富,制备方法简单,易服用,成本低,效果好,组分之间互相支持,具有温肾助孕、理气化痰之功效,不仅疗效稳定,且远期疗效好,疗效高达92%,易被患者接受,有效用于治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症,以简、便、廉、验为特点的本发明中药汤(温肾化痰方)不仅符合肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的发病规律,而且符合中医脾肾亏虚的理论,为中药防治肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症提供了坚实的技术保障,是治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症药物上的创新,经济和社会效益巨大。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲15-20g、菟丝子20-30g、炒苍术10-15g、白术10-15g、清半夏10-15g、茯苓10-20g、香附10-15g、陈皮10-15g和桂枝3-6g制成,其中,杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲18g、菟丝子25g、炒苍术12g、白术13g、清半夏12g、茯苓15g、香附13g、陈皮12g和桂枝4.5g制成,其中,杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子30g、炒苍术10g、白术10g、清半夏10g、茯苓10g、香附10g、陈皮10g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲15g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓15g、香附10g、陈皮12g和桂枝3g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲15g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附15g、陈皮12g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
6.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子25g、炒苍术15g、白术15g、清半夏12g、茯苓20g、香附15g、陈皮15g和桂枝3g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
7.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子20g、炒苍术15g、白术10g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附12g、陈皮12g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
8.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的中药汤,其特征在于,由重量计的:杜仲20g、菟丝子30g、炒苍术12g、白术15g、清半夏15g、茯苓20g、香附12g、陈皮15g和桂枝6g制成,其中,将杜仲、菟丝子、炒苍术、白术、清半夏、茯苓、香附、陈皮和桂枝加水400-600mL,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25分钟,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400mL,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/2~1/3,即可。
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