CN111299820B - Reflection type laser shock peening head - Google Patents
Reflection type laser shock peening head Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299820B CN111299820B CN202010172218.0A CN202010172218A CN111299820B CN 111299820 B CN111299820 B CN 111299820B CN 202010172218 A CN202010172218 A CN 202010172218A CN 111299820 B CN111299820 B CN 111299820B
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- laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reflection type laser shock peening processing head. The processing comprises a total reflection focusing lens arranged in a long and narrow processing head, the processing head comprises a water area and a water-free area, the total reflection focusing lens at least comprises a light incident surface, a reflecting surface and a light emergent surface, wherein the light incident surface is a plane, the light incident surface is vertical to the incident direction of laser, the reflecting surface is a paraboloid, the paraboloid on the concave side of the reflecting surface faces the incident direction of the laser, the light emergent surface side is positioned in the water area of the processing head, the light incident surface and the reflecting surface are positioned in the water-free area of the processing head, the laser penetrates through the light incident surface of the reflection focusing lens along a light path, the laser is focused through the total reflection of the reflecting surface and then is emitted to the focus area outside the processing head through the light emergent surface, and the emitting direction of the focused laser and the normal line of an action surface form an inclination angle. When laser shock peening is performed in a narrow space, the machining head achieves reflection focusing of laser, overcomes limitation of the narrow and long space, and reduces influence of shock waves and sputtered water on the lens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a reflection type laser shock peening processing head.
Background
In the precision machining of complex components in the aerospace field, laser machining is needed in complex environments such as a large number of irregular components. When the laser shock strengthening is carried out on the inner hole and the hidden surface, due to space limitation, the laser shock strengthening processing position is too close to the position of the reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror is easy to damage due to the damage of strong laser and the shock of shock waves, the common reflecting focusing mirror at present has a larger focal length, and the damage of the laser processing position to the reflecting focusing mirror is not considered.
The laser processing can be carried out in a reflection mode in a narrow space, but the laser processing mostly has strong heat effect and sputtering, so the protection of a reflection surface is a key technology of the processing head. Because the laser shock strengthening adopts water as a restraint layer, shock waves easily sputter water, and when the strengthening position is close to the reflector, the water sputtering can cause the reflecting surface to be wet to influence the reflecting effect and even destroy the reflecting effect. When the laser shock peening of the inner hole and the hidden surface is carried out, due to space limitation, the laser shock peening processing position is too close to the position of the reflector, the reflector is easy to damage due to the damage of strong laser and the shock of shock waves, at present, a small-energy laser optical fiber conduction mode is generally adopted for the laser shock peening of the inner hole or the hidden surface, the energy adopted for the peening is below 1J, and the laser peening efficiency is low.
Accordingly, the inventors provide a reflective laser shock peening head.
Disclosure of Invention
The laser shock peening head disclosed by the invention adopts the parabolic mirror highly reflecting the laser, realizes the laser reflection focusing in a narrow space, reduces the influence of shock waves and sputtered water on the mirror, and solves the problems that the reflection focusing mirror of the laser processing head used in the narrow space is easy to damage and the focusing energy is low.
An embodiment of the invention provides a reflective laser shock peening head, the head comprising:
the total-reflection focusing lens is arranged in the long and narrow processing head and comprises a water area and a water-free area, the total-reflection focusing lens at least comprises a light incoming surface, a reflecting surface and a light outgoing surface, the light incoming surface is a plane and is perpendicular to the laser incidence direction, the reflecting surface is a paraboloid, a concave side paraboloid of the reflecting surface faces the laser incidence direction, the light outgoing surface side is located in the water area of the processing head, the light incoming surface and the reflecting surface are located in the water-free area of the processing head, laser penetrates through the light incoming surface of the reflection focusing lens along a light path and is focused through the light outgoing surface after being totally reflected and focused by the reflecting surface to a focus area outside the processing head, and the focused laser emission direction and the normal of an action surface form an inclination angle.
Preferably, the light emitting surface of the total reflection focusing lens is a plane.
Preferably, the light emitting surface of the total reflection focusing lens is a concave spherical surface, and the circle center of the concave spherical surface is coincident with the focal point.
Preferably, the distance between the focal point of the total reflection focusing lens and the processing head is larger than the distance between the laser shock peening part and the processing head.
Preferably, the reflecting surface is a paraboloid made of glass; or the reflecting surface is a metal parabolic mirror which is finely processed into a long and narrow paraboloid.
Preferably, the roughness of the reflecting surface is not more than Ra0.01.
Preferably, when the transmission distance of the laser in the water area is not more than 10mm, the laser adopts infrared light with the wavelength of 1.06 um.
Preferably, when the laser transmits a distance greater than 10mm in the water-existing region, the laser uses green light with a wavelength of 0.53 um.
Preferably, a rotary telescopic mechanism is arranged at the connecting end of the processing head and used for driving the processing head to rotate within the range of 0-360 degrees and driving the processing head to do linear telescopic motion.
In conclusion, laser is totally reflected and converged by a reflecting surface of a paraboloid in a water-free area through a total reflection focusing lens in the processing head of the laser impact strengthening device, is transmitted in water flow of a water area through a light emitting surface, and is converged at a workpiece processing part outside the processing head to carry out laser impact strengthening. Because the work processing position is all in water environment or glass environment to the laser reflection region, does not contact with the air, and the plane of reflection adopts parabolic mirror reflection focusing, and the focused laser is certain inclination with the working face normal, and oblique incidence mode avoids the damage of normal direction aquatic shock wave to the lens, and the processing head of this application has realized the high-efficient laser shock peening to narrow and small space.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a total internal reflection manner of a mirror surface of a reflective laser shock peening head according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lens in the processing head according to the present invention in a long narrow paraboloid reflection mode.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of parabolic design coordinates of a reflecting surface in a blisk laser shock peening experiment.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any equivalent modifications, substitutions and improvements without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The laser processing can be carried out in a reflection mode in a narrow space, but the laser processing mostly has strong heat effect and sputtering, so the protection of a reflection surface is a key technology of the processing head. Because the laser shock strengthening adopts water as a restraint layer, shock waves easily sputter water, and when the strengthening position is close to the reflector, the water sputtering can cause the reflecting surface to be wet to influence the reflecting effect and even destroy the reflecting effect. When laser shock peening of an inner hole or a hidden surface is performed, the laser shock peening processing position is too close to the mirror position due to space restriction, and the mirror is easily damaged by destruction of strong laser or shock of a shock wave.
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a reflective laser impact strengthening processing head, which adopts a long and narrow processing head and comprises a connecting end in the laser incidence direction and a contraction nozzle in the laser emission direction, and is shown in figure 1. The processing head is internally provided with a total reflection focusing lens, the processing head comprises a water area and a water-free area, the total reflection focusing lens at least comprises a light incident surface, a reflecting surface and a light emergent surface, wherein the light incident surface is a plane, the light incident surface is vertical to the laser incident direction (the normal direction of the light incident surface is the laser incident direction), the reflecting surface is a paraboloid, the concave side paraboloid of the reflecting surface faces the laser incident direction, the light emergent surface side is positioned in the water-free area of the processing head, the light incident surface and the reflecting surface are positioned in the water-free area of the processing head, laser passes through the light incident surface of the reflection focusing lens along a light path, is focused by the total reflection of the reflecting surface and passes through a focus area outside the processing head of the light emergent surface, and the emitting direction of the focused laser and the normal of an acting surface form an inclination angle.
In the laser shock peening process, laser is totally reflected and converged by a reflecting surface of a paraboloid in a water-free area through a total reflection focusing lens in a processing head, is transmitted in water flow of a water area through a light-emitting surface, and is converged at a workpiece processing part outside the processing head to carry out laser shock peening. Because the working processing part and the laser reflection area are all in a water environment or a glass environment and are not in contact with air, the reflection surface adopts parabolic mirror reflection focusing, the focused laser forms a certain inclination angle with the normal line of the action surface, the inclined incidence mode avoids the damage of the impact wave in the normal direction in water to the lens, in addition, the laser is totally reflected and focused by the reflection surface of the parabolic mirror and is emitted out through the light-emitting surface, the laser focusing energy is improved, and the laser processing efficiency is improved.
It should be noted that, because the focal length of the focusing lens can be changed when the focusing lens is used in water, the invention adopts the parabolic reflection type focusing without being influenced by the medium interface, and the reflecting surface of the parabolic can adopt a total reflection mirror of lens medium with high refractive index such as glass, and also adopts a metal parabolic mirror which can highly reflect green light.
When the mirror is used as a reflecting surface, a copper mirror finished by a diamond cutter is used as the reflecting surface, the surface roughness of the reflecting surface is not more than Ra0.01, and the reflecting surfaces with different structures are designed according to different forms of workpieces to be processed. Aiming at a workpiece to be processed with a long and narrow gap, the laser shock strengthening of a hidden surface can be realized by adopting a long and narrow parabolic mirror to translate, and the parabolic mirror reflection mode is shown in figure 2. Laser enters a parabolic mirror in an elliptical or rectangular form (the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse or the length-width ratio of the rectangle is about 1.5-3), the minor axis or the minor axis passes through a slit between workpieces, and the parabolic mirror is reflected and focused to form a laser shock strengthening light spot to act on the workpieces. When a circular hole workpiece is machined, laser with a circular light spot is incident on the circular parabolic mirror surface, incident light reaches the light emergent surface through the incident surface to be contacted with water and is transmitted to the parabolic surface of the copper mirror in the water, the whole machining head is soaked in the water, the machining head rotates or extends into a machining hole of the workpiece under the action of the rotary telescopic mechanism of the machining head, and laser shock strengthening of the inner wall of the hole can be achieved. The rotation is achieved by a rotation motor, but the laser needs to be incident at the rotation center, and the central axis of the laser processing head coincides with the rotation center.
In this embodiment, since the laser needs to be reflected by the copper mirror and transmitted in water, the 0.53um laser has better reflectivity and transmittance in water, and is therefore suitable for using green light with a wavelength of 0.53 um. The laser shock strengthening is carried out by transmitting green light with the wavelength of 0.53um in water flow, the parabolic mirror is adopted for reflection focusing, the focused laser and the normal line of an action surface form a certain inclination angle, the damage of the shock wave in water in the normal direction to the lens is avoided in an oblique incidence mode, and the transmitted laser energy can reach more than 5J due to the large reflection area.
As another optional implementation, when the focal length is required to be large, the light-emitting surface of the total reflection focusing lens is a plane. Because the light-emitting surface is a water environment, and the refractive index of the glass lens is close to that of water, the laser transmission angle of the light-emitting surface is not changed greatly, if the change of the direction of laser at the interface between the glass and the water is further reduced, and the focal length is required to be smaller, the light-emitting surface of the total reflection focusing lens adopts a concave spherical surface, and the circle center of the concave spherical surface is coincided with the focal point. The laser is transmitted in water and then focused to a strengthening position, the strengthening position is in front of a focus, and the power determines the size of a light spot according to the power density required by laser shock strengthening.
In a preferred embodiment, the distance between the focal point of the total reflection focusing lens and the processing head is larger than the distance between the laser shock peening part and the processing head. Is beneficial to further improving the laser processing energy.
The machining head can be designed into a structure with a rotating and translating function, wherein the machining head is suitable for translating the long and narrow working surface of the blisk, adopted laser is incident in a flat and long shape such as an ellipse and a rectangle, and lapping strengthening at different positions is realized through the translating machining head. The laser is suitable for the rotary processing head of the inner wall surface of the small hole, and the adopted laser is incident in the forms of circle, square, hexagon and the like. The laser shock strengthening of the inner wall of the hole can be realized by the rotation and the extension of the processing head. The processing head of this application can realize the reflection focusing of narrow and small space laser, and the narrow and long space characteristics of make full use of have simultaneously reduced the impact of shock wave and the water of sputtering to the lens.
As an implementation mode, a rotary telescopic mechanism can be designed at the connecting end of the machining head, the rotary telescopic mechanism can be realized through a rotary motor and a telescopic structure, the machining head is driven to rotate within the range of 0-360 degrees through the rotary motor to realize circumferential reinforcement, the machining head realizes the depth of entering the inner wall of the small gap through the telescopic structure, 360-degree one-row reinforcement can be realized after rotating for one circle, and the distance between two rows of light spots (the distance between the two rows of light spots is determined by the size of the light spots and the lap joint rate of the connecting end) can be moved linearly inwards in the gap. The rotary telescopic mechanism can also adopt a thread structure, the thread pitch is the distance between two rows of light spots of laser shock peening, the inner wall of the hole is deepened while the rotary telescopic mechanism is rotated, the laser shock peening of spiral line arrangement is realized, and the laser shock peening of the inner wall of a narrow gap can be realized through the rotary and telescopic processing head.
Aiming at the laser shock strengthening experiment of the airplane blisk, because the distance between two blades is only about 23mm, the parabolic mirror can be processed into a reflecting surface with the focal length of 30mm, and the parabolic design method of the reflecting surface comprises the following steps: assuming a coordinate system as shown in FIG. 3 (the origin of coordinates is the vertex of a paraboloid, i.e., the intersection of a symmetry line and a parabola), the function of a paraboloid of revolution about the X-axis is defined as
A translation parabolic function of stretching in the Y direction of
Selecting only x>15，60>z>30, an elongated paraboloid is formed, and the processing head of the paraboloid lens can move between two blades in parallel, so that the edge of the next blade can be strengthened.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A reflective laser shock peening head, comprising:
the total-reflection focusing lens is arranged in the long and narrow processing head and comprises a water area and a water-free area, the total-reflection focusing lens at least comprises a light incident surface, a reflecting surface and a light emergent surface, wherein the light incident surface is a plane and is vertical to the incident direction of laser, the reflecting surface is a paraboloid, a concave side paraboloid of the reflecting surface faces the incident direction of the laser, the light emergent surface is positioned in the water area of the processing head, the light incident surface and the reflecting surface are positioned in the water-free area of the processing head, the laser penetrates through the light incident surface of the total-reflection focusing lens along a light path and is focused through the light emergent surface after the total reflection of the reflecting surface, and the emitting direction of the focused laser and the normal line of an action surface form an inclination angle.
2. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1, wherein the light exit surface of the total reflection focusing lens is planar.
3. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1, wherein the light exit surface of the total reflection focusing lens is a concave spherical surface, and the center of the concave spherical surface coincides with the focal point.
4. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1 wherein the focal point of the total internal reflection focusing lens is spaced from the process head by a distance greater than the distance of the laser shock peening location from the process head.
5. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface is a paraboloid of glass; or the reflecting surface is a metal parabolic mirror which is finely processed into a long and narrow paraboloid.
6. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1 wherein the roughness of the reflective surface is no greater than ra0.01.
7. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1 wherein the laser employs infrared light of a wavelength of 1.06um when the laser travels a distance of no more than 10mm in the water zone.
8. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1 wherein the laser employs green light of a wavelength of 0.53um when the laser travels a distance greater than 10mm in the water zone.
9. The reflective laser shock peening head of claim 1 wherein the attachment end of the head is provided with a rotary telescoping mechanism for driving the head for rotation within a range of 0 ° to 360 ° and for driving the head for linear telescoping movement.
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| CN202010172218.0A CN111299820B (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | Reflection type laser shock peening head |
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| CN202010172218.0A CN111299820B (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | Reflection type laser shock peening head |
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