CN111545919B - Laser shock peening device and method for multi-beam coupling light spots - Google Patents
Laser shock peening device and method for multi-beam coupling light spots Download PDFInfo
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- CN111545919B CN111545919B CN202010367640.1A CN202010367640A CN111545919B CN 111545919 B CN111545919 B CN 111545919B CN 202010367640 A CN202010367640 A CN 202010367640A CN 111545919 B CN111545919 B CN 111545919B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser shock strengthening device and method for multi-beam coupling light spots, which sequentially comprise the following steps from top to bottom: the laser array assembly, the beam combination assembly and the focusing assembly; the laser array component comprises a main shell and N laser heads, wherein N is more than or equal to 3; the arrangement mode of the laser head is A mode: n-1 laser heads are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell in an annular shape, and one laser head is arranged at the position of the center of the annular circle; mode B: the N laser heads are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell in an annular shape; the light beam combination component is arranged inside the main shell; the focusing assembly is positioned below the light beam combination assembly and is positioned on the same axis line with the circular center of the circle; the coupling light spot obtained by the device can effectively solve the problem of insufficient energy of a single laser beam, the coupling light spot is utilized to carry out one-time covering type large-area laser shock strengthening, the problem of stress generation sequence existing in a conventional point-by-point shock mode is effectively solved, a more uniform residual stress field is formed, and the service life of parts is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser shock peening, in particular to a laser shock peening device and method for multiple beam coupling light spots.
Background
The laser shock strengthening technology utilizes high-power-density short-pulse laser to penetrate through a constraint layer and act on a material surface coating to generate a large amount of dense high-temperature and high-pressure plasmas, the plasmas continue to absorb laser energy to explode, high-strength shock waves are formed to act on a metal surface and propagate inwards, plastic deformation and dislocation structures are generated in a certain area, and high residual compressive stress is obtained on the material surface after external force is eliminated, so that the average stress level of parts is reduced when the parts are subjected to alternating load, and the fatigue performance is enhanced.
At present, most of common laser strengthening equipment is single-point type, namely after the first point is impacted, a laser spot moves to a second point to be impacted under the motion of a mechanical arm, and laser shock strengthening is sequentially carried out. According to the working mode of point-by-point impact strengthening, the energy at the laser spot is small (less than 10J), a large residual compressive stress value is difficult to generate, and the impact efficiency is low; the impact path is restricted by the motion direction of the mechanical arm, and only a laser impact strengthening area with dotting and line forming and line combining and surface forming can be completed, so that the aims of once impact and once strengthening in an area cannot be realized. Meanwhile, the working mode of point-by-point impact strengthening causes the problem of the front and back order of impact between different point positions, namely, the stress field of the impacted point position influences the next point position to be impacted, and the problem cannot be fundamentally solved in the existing laser strengthening equipment. In addition, for some complex structures, such as perforated structures, circular or square impact shapes are required to cover the area around the perforated structure, and triangular, cross-shaped, etc. impact shapes may be required under special conditions.
Therefore, how to solve the problems of insufficient energy of a single light spot, insufficient spot size and the like and adapt to the rapid laser shock peening of parts with different shapes is a problem to be solved urgently by practitioners of the same profession.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a multi-beam coupled spot laser shock peening apparatus and method that solves at least some of the above problems.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser shock peening apparatus for multiple beam coupled spots, which sequentially includes, from top to bottom: the laser array assembly, the beam combination assembly and the focusing assembly;
the laser array assembly includes: a main housing and a plurality of laser heads; the number of the laser heads is N, and N is more than or equal to 3;
the laser head is arranged in an A mode or a B mode;
mode A: n-1 laser heads are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell in an annular shape, and one laser head is arranged at the position of the circular center; mode B: the N laser heads are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell in an annular shape;
the light beam combination assembly is arranged inside the main shell; the focusing assembly is positioned below the light beam combination assembly and is positioned on the same axis line with the circular center of the circle;
laser beams emitted by the laser heads which are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell in an annular shape are reflected by the beam combination assembly and then are output by the focusing assembly; and the laser beam emitted by the laser head arranged at the position of the circular center is directly output by the focusing assembly.
In one embodiment, the beam combining assembly comprises: when the arrangement of the laser head is in the A mode, the light beam combination assembly comprises: the device comprises a mirror frame, N-1 reflector units and N-1 driving mechanisms; the mirror bracket and the driving mechanism are fixedly arranged on the main shell;
the reflector unit comprises a first reflector and a second reflector, and the first reflectors are respectively arranged on the corresponding driving mechanisms; the second reflectors correspond to the first reflectors one by one, and are mounted on the mirror frame;
the N-1 first reflectors correspond to the N-1 laser heads one by one respectively; and laser beams emitted by the N-1 laser heads are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirrors and are reflected to the corresponding second reflecting mirrors.
In one embodiment, when the laser head is arranged in the B mode, the beam combining assembly comprises: the mirror bracket, N reflecting mirror units and N driving mechanisms; the mirror bracket and the driving mechanism are fixedly arranged on the main shell;
the reflector unit comprises a first reflector and a second reflector, and the first reflectors are respectively arranged on the corresponding driving mechanisms; the second reflectors correspond to the first reflectors one by one, and are mounted on the mirror frame;
the N first reflectors correspond to the N laser heads one by one respectively; the laser beams emitted by the N laser heads are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirrors and are reflected to the corresponding second reflecting mirrors.
In one embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor and an output shaft, and the driving motor drives the first reflecting mirror to rotate through the output shaft.
In one embodiment, the first reflector is mounted on the output shaft at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal.
In one embodiment, the deflection angle of the first reflector is in the range of 0-5 degrees, and the first reflector is adjusted in the angle range of 45-50 degrees with the vertical plane.
In one embodiment, the second mirror is mounted on the frame at a 45 ° angle to the horizontal.
In one embodiment, the frame is a regular polygon having the same number of sides as the number of second mirrors.
In one embodiment, the focusing assembly is a focusing lens mounted directly below the interior of the main housing.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser shock peening method for multiple beam coupled spots, including:
s1, determining the shape and size of the coupling light spot according to the structure of the part to be shock-strengthened;
s2, determining to start the laser head at the corresponding position according to the shape of the coupling light spot;
s3, calculating the distance L from the circle center of each light spot to the focus according to the size of the coupled light spot;
s4, calculating the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot according to the distance L between the center of each light spot and the focus, wherein f & tan2 alpha;
s5, adjusting according to the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot to obtain coupling light spots with corresponding shape characteristics;
s6, if the lapping rate of the coupling facula is changed, the distance L from the circle center of each facula to the focus can be recalculated, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the corresponding coupling facula.
The laser shock strengthening device and method for the multi-beam coupling light spots have the advantages that:
(1) the device has a simple and compact structure, and special impact patterns such as squares, circles, triangles and the like can be obtained by respectively setting the laser heads in the mode A or the mode B, so that the problem of limitation of single shape of the traditional laser strengthening faculae is solved.
(2) The device can effectively meet the requirements of different light spot modes in laser shock peening production; the lapping rate of the coupling light spots is changed by adjusting the deflection angle of a first reflector in the light beam combination assembly; when a plurality of laser beams are focused on one point, the problem of insufficient energy of a single laser beam can be effectively solved, the accurate control of each laser beam forming a coupling light spot can be realized, and the processing precision is improved;
(3) aiming at special structures such as round holes and the like, the coupling light spots are utilized to carry out one-time covering type large-area laser shock strengthening, the problem of stress generation sequence existing in a conventional point-by-point shock mode is solved, a more uniform residual stress field is formed, and the service life of parts is prolonged; and multiple beams of laser form coupling light spots, so that the production efficiency is obviously improved, and the cost investment is effectively saved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shock peening apparatus for multiple beam coupled spots according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser array apparatus for coupling multiple light beams to a light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a triangular light spot output by a coupled light spot device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular light spot output by a coupled light spot device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output light spot of a light beam circular coupling light spot device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of light spots with different overlapping ratios output by the light beam circular coupling light spot device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a laser shock peening method for 7-beam circular coupling spots according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an angular deflection of a first mirror according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a triangular light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a rectangular light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a circular light spot provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
the laser comprises a main shell 1, a laser head 2, a laser head 3, a mirror frame 4, a reflecting mirror unit 5, a driving mechanism 6, a focusing lens 41, a first reflecting mirror 42, a second reflecting mirror 51, a driving motor 52 and an output shaft 52.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser shock peening apparatus with multiple beam-coupled spots, sequentially including, from top to bottom: the laser array assembly, the beam combination assembly and the focusing assembly;
in this embodiment, the laser array assembly includes: a main housing 1 and a plurality of laser heads 2; the number of the laser heads 2 is N, the laser heads are arranged in an A mode, wherein N is more than 3; the A mode is arranged as follows: n-1 laser heads 2 are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell 1 in an annular shape, and the other laser head 2 is arranged at the position of the circular center; corresponding central angles between every two adjacent laser heads which are uniformly installed in an annular shape are equal; the light beam combination component is arranged inside the main shell 1; the focusing assembly is positioned below the light beam combination assembly and is positioned on the same axis line with the circular center of the circle; laser beams emitted by the N-1 laser heads 2 are reflected by the beam combination component and then output by the focusing component, and laser beams emitted by the other laser head 2 are directly output by the focusing component.
Such as: when 4, wherein, 3 laser heads are the annular and evenly install in the top of main casing body, and the central angle that corresponds between every two adjacent laser heads is 120, and remaining one laser head is located the centre of a circle position of the triangle-shaped circumscribed circle that three laser heads constitute, promptly: the circular center position that 3 laser heads are.
When 5, 4 laser heads are the annular and evenly install on the position of main casing body, and the central angle that corresponds between every two adjacent laser heads is 90, and remaining one laser head is located the tetragonal circumscribed circle's that 4 laser heads constitute the centre of a circle on, promptly: the 4 laser heads are in the position of the circular center. And analogizing in turn, arranging and installing the N laser heads according to the mode A.
In the embodiment, N-1 laser heads 2 are uniformly arranged on the top of a main shell 1 in an annular shape, corresponding circle center angles between any adjacent laser heads 2 are the same, wherein the number of the laser heads 2 distributed in the annular shape is generally 3-8, if the area of the top of the main shell 1 is large enough, the installation number of the laser heads 2 can be increased, after reasonable distribution, laser beams emitted by the N-1 laser heads 2 are reflected by a beam combination component and then output by a focusing component, and laser beams emitted by the other laser head 2 are directly output by the focusing component; by adjusting the reflection condition of the light beam combination component, coupling light spots of special impact patterns such as square, round and triangle can be obtained.
Further, as shown in fig. 1-2, the beam combining assembly includes: a mirror holder 3, N-1 mirror units 4 and N-1 driving mechanisms 5; the lens bracket 3 and the driving mechanism 5 are fixedly arranged on the main shell 1;
the mirror unit 4 includes a first mirror 41 and a second mirror 42, the first mirrors 41 being mounted on the corresponding drive mechanisms 5, respectively; the second reflecting mirrors 42 correspond to the first reflecting mirrors 41 one by one, and the second reflecting mirrors 42 are installed on the mirror frame 3;
the N-1 first reflecting mirrors 41 correspond to the N-1 laser heads 2 uniformly arranged in an annular shape one by one respectively, and laser beams emitted by each laser head 2 are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirror 41 and then reflected on the corresponding second reflecting mirror 42 to be output through the focusing assembly.
In the present embodiment, the driving mechanism 5 includes a driving motor 51 and an output shaft 52, and the driving motor 51 drives the first reflecting mirror 41 to rotate through the output shaft 52. Under the drive of the driving motor 51, the first reflector 41 deflects to change the propagation angle of the laser beam path of the circular incident light, wherein the driving motor 51 can be a stepping motor, the stepping motor is a discrete value control motor which converts an electric pulse excitation signal into corresponding angular displacement or linear displacement, the motor moves one step each time when inputting an electric pulse, no accumulated error exists, the accuracy of the deflection angle of the first reflector is ensured, and the motor has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and maintenance, low manufacturing cost and capability of reducing the production cost of the device.
In the embodiment, the first reflecting mirror 41 is installed on the output shaft 52 at an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal plane, wherein the deflection angle range of the first reflecting mirror 41 is 0-5 °, and the first reflecting mirror 41 is adjusted within an angle range of 45-50 ° with the vertical plane; the first reflecting mirror 41 rotates within the range of 0-5 degrees under the driving of the driving motor 51, the first reflecting mirror 41 deflects, and the propagation angle of a laser beam path incident from the laser heads distributed annularly is changed; the laser beam is reflected and focused to form a light spot space which is changed, and coupling light spots with different lap joint rates are obtained; the second reflecting mirror 42 and the horizontal plane form an angle of 45 degrees and are arranged on the mirror frame 3, the second reflecting mirror 42 and the first reflecting mirror 41 are in one-to-one correspondence, the mirror frame 3 is fixedly arranged on the main shell 1, and the second reflecting mirror 42 can not deflect; the frame 3 is a regular polygon, and the number of sides of the frame 3 is equal to the number of the second reflectors 42.
Further, when the first reflector 41 forms an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal plane, the emitted horizontal light beam just irradiates the quarter mirror surface of the second reflector 42, thereby ensuring that the emitted light beam does not exceed the mirror surface area of the second reflector 42 when the first reflector 41 deflects.
In this embodiment, the focusing element is a focusing lens 6, the focusing lens 6 is installed right below the inside of the main housing 1, and the focusing lens 6 and the circular center of the circle formed by the installation of the N-1 laser heads are coaxial. In practical implementation, the cross section of the main housing 1 may be a regular polygon or a circle, and N-1 laser heads are uniformly mounted on the top of the main housing 1 in an annular shape, and at this time, the focusing lens 6 may be coaxial with the center of the cross sectional shape of the main housing 1.
Laser beams emitted by the laser heads 2 distributed annularly are reflected twice and then output by the focusing lens 6, and laser beams emitted by the laser heads 2 positioned at the axis are directly output by the focusing lens 6; multiple laser beams are focused and output by the same focusing lens 6, and interference fringes are not easy to generate.
In the present embodiment, different shapes of light spots are obtained by the device, such as preferably: n is 7; when the light spot to be obtained is triangular, 3 laser heads at corresponding positions can be selected from 6 laser heads annularly distributed on the main shell 1 to be started, the laser head at the position of the center of a circle is in a closed state, and the first reflector is deflected by a corresponding angle, so that the triangular coupling light spot is obtained as shown in fig. 3; it is also possible to choose 6 laser heads in the annular position to be all on and then obtain a triangular spot consisting of 6 spots.
When the facula that needs acquireed is the rectangle, can all open 6 laser heads that are annular distribution on the main casing body 1, the laser head of centre of a circle position is in the closed condition, carries out the deflection of corresponding angle to first speculum, can acquire the rectangle coupling facula as shown in figure 4, also can select 4 laser heads in corresponding position to open in 6 laser heads that are annular distribution, then the acquisition constitutes the rectangle facula by 4 facula.
When the light spot to be obtained is circular, the laser at the annular position and the circle center position can be started, the first reflector is deflected at a corresponding angle to obtain an output circular light spot of a seven-beam circular coupling light spot device as shown in fig. 5, the overlapping rate of the coupling light spot is changed, the first reflector is deflected at a corresponding angle to form a coupling light spot as shown in fig. 6, and the deflection angle can be further adjusted to obtain circular light spots with different overlapping rates; the number of 7 laser heads is the minimum number which can form better circular light spots, and circular coupling light spots can be formed when 6 or 5 laser heads are used, but the connection of the light spots distributed annularly is poor;
in this embodiment, a specific analysis is performed only by way of example, and the number of the selected laser heads is not limited as long as the laser heads can form the light spots with corresponding shapes, and the number and the positions of the selected laser heads are determined according to the shapes of the coupling light spots formed according to actual needs.
Detailed description of the invention
The technical solution of the laser shock peening apparatus for providing a beam circular coupling spot in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in the first embodiment, and only the differences between the first embodiment and this embodiment will be described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the laser heads are arranged in a B-mode, where N is greater than or equal to 3, and the B-mode is: the N laser heads 2 are annularly arranged at the top of the main shell 1, the angles of every two laser heads 2 are equal, and no laser head is arranged at the annular axis position; laser beams emitted by the N laser heads 2 are reflected by the beam combination assembly and then output by the focusing assembly.
Further, for example, when N is 3, 3 laser heads are annularly distributed and installed on the top of the main housing 1, the degree of a corresponding central angle between every two adjacent laser heads is 120 °, when N is 4, 4 laser heads are annularly and uniformly installed at the position of the main housing, the corresponding central angle between every two adjacent laser heads is 90 °, and so on, and the N laser heads are arranged in the manner of B;
in this embodiment, the beam combining assembly includes: a mirror holder 3, N mirror units 4, and N drive mechanisms 5; the lens bracket 3 and the driving mechanism 5 are fixedly arranged on the main shell 1; the mirror unit 4 includes a first mirror 41 and a second mirror 42, the first mirrors 41 being mounted on the corresponding drive mechanisms 5, respectively; the second reflecting mirrors 42 correspond to the first reflecting mirrors 41 one by one, and the second reflecting mirrors 42 are installed on the mirror frame 3; the N first reflectors 41 correspond to the N laser heads 2 one by one respectively; the laser beams emitted from the N laser heads 2 are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirrors 41 and reflected on the corresponding second reflecting mirrors 42.
In the present embodiment, different shapes of light spots are obtained by the device, such as preferably: n-8. When the light spot to be obtained is triangular, the laser head is started at a corresponding position selected from 8 laser heads annularly distributed on the main housing 1, for example, 3 laser heads at corresponding positions are started, the first reflector is driven to deflect at a corresponding angle, and the triangular coupling light spot can be obtained as shown in fig. 3;
when the light spot to be obtained is rectangular, the laser head is started at a corresponding position selected from 8 laser heads annularly distributed on the main shell 1, for example, 6 laser heads at the corresponding position are started, and the rectangular coupling light spot can be obtained by driving the first reflecting mirror to deflect at a corresponding angle as shown in fig. 4; the device realizes the energy superposition of a plurality of laser beams when focusing a point by accurately controlling the position distribution of a plurality of laser spots to obtain the light spot with high power density.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
As shown in fig. 7, in another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for laser shock peening of multiple beam coupled spots, including:
s1, determining the shape and size of the coupling light spot according to the structure of the part to be shock-strengthened;
s2, determining to start the laser head at the corresponding position according to the shape of the coupling light spot;
s3, calculating the distance L from the circle center of each light spot to the focus according to the size of the coupled light spot;
s4, calculating the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot according to the distance L between the center of each light spot and the focus, wherein f & tan2 alpha;
s5, adjusting according to the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot to obtain coupling light spots with corresponding shape characteristics;
s6, if the lapping rate of the coupling facula is changed, the distance L from the circle center of each facula to the focus can be recalculated, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the corresponding coupling facula.
The beam combining elements in this embodiment are all the first mirrors in the beam combining elements.
When the laser shock peening device with the arrangement mode of the laser heads A is used for strengthening the parts, the laser shock peening method comprises the following steps:
1) determining the shape and the size of a coupling light spot of the part to be impacted according to the structure of the part to be impacted; for example: the part with the round hole can adopt a round light spot, and the welding seam can adopt a rectangular light spot.
2) Determining to start the laser head at the corresponding position according to the shape of the coupling light spot; if the obtained coupling light spot is triangular, selecting a corresponding position to start the laser head from N-1 laser heads distributed annularly, and enabling the laser head at the circle center position to be in a closed state;
as shown in fig. 8, in the initial state, the initial deflection angle of the first mirror is 0 °, i.e. 45 ° to the horizontal plane, and the focused spot of the circular incident beam is located at the focal point. The distance L between the center of the light spot and the focus is changed by adjusting the deflection angle alpha of the first reflecting mirror, so that different lap joint rates are realized, wherein L and alpha meet the condition that L is f.tan 2 alpha, and f is the focal length of the focusing lens; in the figure, F is the focal point, F is the focal length, and O is the optical center;
3) calculating the distance L from the circle center of each light spot to the focus point of each light spot forming the triangular coupling light spot according to the size of the coupling light spot, wherein the distance between the circle center and the focus point corresponding to all the light spots on the side length of the triangle is calculated, as shown in FIG. 9, 6 laser heads are selected to be started, light spots corresponding to two positions, namely the midpoint and the vertex of the side length of the triangle are formed in the triangular coupling light spot formed by the 6 laser heads, and the distance between the circle center of the light spot corresponding to the midpoint and the focus point is assumed to be L1, and the distance between the circle center of the light spot corresponding to;
4) calculating the angle alpha of the spot at the midpoint position corresponding to the first reflector to be deflected according to the distance L between the center of each spot and the focus as f · tan2 alpha1And the light spot at the vertex position needs to deflect at an angle alpha corresponding to the first reflecting mirror2(ii) a Adjusting the deflection angle of a certain first reflector only influences a corresponding certain light spot to be close to or far away from the focus of the focusing lens; the light spot formed by the laser head can only move on the connecting line of the center (the circle center of the light spot) of the laser head and the focus.
5) First mirror deflection alpha corresponding to a spot at the center point1First mirror deflection alpha corresponding to the spot at the apex position2Obtaining a triangular coupling light spot;
6) if the overlapping rate of the coupling light spots is changed, the distance L from the center of each light spot to the focus can be recalculated, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the corresponding coupling light spots.
As shown in FIG. 10, if the shape of the coupling light spot of the part to be impacted is determined to be rectangular according to the structure of the part to be impacted, then N-1 lasers distributed in a ring shape are needed to be appliedSelecting corresponding positions from the optical heads to start 6 laser heads, and enabling the laser heads at the circle center position to be in a closed state; calculating the distance L from the circle center of each light spot to the focus point of each light spot forming the rectangular coupling light spot according to the determined size of the rectangular coupling light spot, wherein the rectangular coupling light spot in the graph 4 has light spots corresponding to two positions, namely a side length middle point and a vertex, and assuming that the distance between the circle center of the light spot corresponding to the middle point position and the focus point is L3 and the distance between the circle center of the light spot corresponding to the vertex position and the focus point is L4; the deflection angle α can be obtained from the calculated deflection angles L3 and L43And alpha4Then, respectively deflecting the first reflecting mirrors at the corresponding positions at corresponding angles to obtain rectangular coupling light spots;
as shown in fig. 11, when it is determined that the coupling light spot is circular, at this time, 6 laser heads need to be started at corresponding positions from among N-1 laser heads distributed annularly, the laser head at the center of the circle is also in a starting state, and distances from the light spot corresponding to the circle to the focus are equal according to the determined size of the coupling light spot; assuming that the distance is L5, the angle required to deflect is calculated to be alpha5At this time, the first reflector corresponding to the circular position light spot deflects alpha5And a circular coupling light spot is obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
This embodiment is basically the same as the third embodiment, and only the portions different from the third embodiment will be described.
In this embodiment, the laser impact strengthening device arranges the laser head in a manner B to perform impact strengthening on the part, which is different from step 2) in the third embodiment:
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and determining to start the laser heads at corresponding positions according to the shapes of the coupling light spots, if the obtained coupling light spots are triangular, selecting corresponding positions from N laser heads which are distributed annularly to start the laser heads, and deflecting corresponding angles of the first reflector corresponding to each light spot on the triangle to obtain the triangular coupling light spots.
If the shape of the coupling light spot of the part to be impacted is determined to be rectangular according to the structure of the part to be impacted, selecting a corresponding position from N laser heads distributed annularly to start the laser head, and deflecting a corresponding angle to a first reflector corresponding to each light spot on the rectangle to obtain the rectangular coupling light spot;
the invention provides a laser shock peening device and method for multi-beam coupling light spots, which can effectively meet the requirements of different light spot modes in laser shock peening production. The lapping rate of the coupling light spots is changed by adjusting the deflection angle of the first reflector; when a plurality of laser beams are focused on one point, the problem of insufficient energy of a single laser beam can be effectively solved, the device has a simple structure, the precise control of each laser beam of a coupling light spot can be realized, and the processing precision is improved; the lapping rate of different coupling light spots is adjusted, and the laser utilization rate is improved aiming at the differential forming process of different materials with different absorption rates; aiming at special structures such as round holes and the like, the coupling light spots are utilized to carry out one-time covering type large-area laser shock strengthening, the problem of stress generation sequence existing in a conventional point-by-point shock mode is solved, a more uniform residual stress field is formed, and the service life of parts is prolonged; and multiple beams of laser form coupling light spots, so that the production efficiency is obviously improved, and the cost investment is effectively saved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The laser shock peening device of the multi-beam coupling light spot is characterized by sequentially comprising the following components from top to bottom: the laser array assembly, the beam combination assembly and the focusing assembly;
the laser array assembly includes: a main housing (1) and a plurality of laser heads (2); the number of the laser heads is N, and N is more than or equal to 3;
the laser head is arranged in an A mode or a B mode;
mode A: n-1 laser heads (2) are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell (1) in an annular shape, and one laser head (2) is arranged at the position of the circular center; mode B: the N laser heads (2) are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell (1) in an annular shape;
the light beam combination assembly is arranged inside the main shell (1); the focusing assembly is positioned below the light beam combination assembly and is positioned on the same axis line with the circular center of the circle;
laser beams emitted by the laser heads (2) which are uniformly arranged on the top of the main shell (1) in an annular shape are reflected by the beam combination component and then are output by the focusing component; the laser beam emitted by the laser head (2) arranged at the position of the circular center is directly output by the focusing assembly;
the laser shock peening device for the multi-beam coupling light spots realizes laser shock peening and comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the shape and size of the coupling light spot according to the structure of the part to be shock-strengthened;
s2, determining to start the laser head at the corresponding position according to the shape of the coupling light spot;
s3, calculating the distance L from the circle center of each light spot to the focus according to the size of the coupled light spot;
s4, calculating the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot according to the distance L between the center of each light spot and the focus, wherein f & tan2 alpha;
s5, adjusting according to the deflection angle alpha of the light beam combination component corresponding to each light spot to obtain coupling light spots with corresponding shape characteristics;
s6, if the lapping rate of the coupling facula is changed, the distance L from the circle center of each facula to the focus can be recalculated, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated to obtain the corresponding coupling facula.
2. The laser shock peening apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser head is arranged in a mode a, the beam combining block includes: a mirror frame (3), N-1 reflector units (4) and N-1 driving mechanisms (5); the mirror bracket (3) and the driving mechanism (5) are fixedly arranged on the main shell (1);
the mirror unit (4) comprises a first mirror (41) and a second mirror (42), the first mirrors (41) are respectively mounted on the corresponding driving mechanisms (5); the second reflecting mirrors (42) correspond to the first reflecting mirrors (41) one by one, and the second reflecting mirrors (42) are arranged on the mirror frame (3);
the N-1 first reflectors (41) correspond to the N-1 laser heads (2) one by one respectively; the laser beams emitted by the N-1 laser heads (2) are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirrors (41) and are reflected to the corresponding second reflecting mirrors (42).
3. The laser shock peening apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser head is arranged in a B mode, and the beam combining unit includes: a mirror holder (3), N mirror units (4), and N drive mechanisms (5); the mirror bracket (3) and the driving mechanism (5) are fixedly arranged on the main shell (1);
the mirror unit (4) comprises a first mirror (41) and a second mirror (42), the first mirrors (41) are respectively mounted on the corresponding driving mechanisms (5); the second reflecting mirrors (42) correspond to the first reflecting mirrors (41) one by one, and the second reflecting mirrors (42) are arranged on the mirror frame (3);
the N first reflecting mirrors (41) correspond to the N laser heads (2) one by one respectively; the laser beams emitted by the N laser heads (2) are incident on the corresponding first reflecting mirrors (41) and are reflected to the corresponding second reflecting mirrors (42).
4. The laser shock peening apparatus for multi-beam coupled spots according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the driving mechanism (5) includes a driving motor (51) and an output shaft (52), and the driving motor (51) drives the first mirror (41) to rotate through the output shaft (52).
5. The laser shock peening apparatus for multi-beam coupled spots according to claim 4, wherein the first mirror (41) is mounted on the output shaft (52) at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane.
6. The laser shock peening apparatus of claim 5, wherein the deflection angle of the first mirror (41) is in the range of 0 to 5 °, and the first mirror (41) is adjusted in the range of 45 ° to 50 ° from the vertical plane.
7. The laser shock peening apparatus for multi-beam coupled spots according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second mirror (42) is mounted on the frame (3) at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal.
8. The laser shock peening apparatus for multi-beam coupled spots according to claim 7, wherein the frame (3) is a regular polygon having the same number of sides as the second mirrors (42).
9. The laser shock peening apparatus for multi-beam coupled spots according to claim 1, wherein the focusing assembly is a focusing lens (6), and the focusing lens (6) is installed right below the inside of the main housing (1).
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| DE102014208435A1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-11-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement and method for layering a job layer |
| CN110205478A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-06 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | A kind of scanning type laser shock peening device |
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| CN101705341A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-12 | 江苏大学 | Impact reinforcing method and device based on laser beam array |
| DE102014208435A1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-11-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement and method for layering a job layer |
| CN104551387A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Multi-beam synthesizing and focusing device |
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