CN111269295B - 一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用,属于生物发酵领域。本发明通过设计上游引物和下游引物,并对枯草芽孢杆菌Z‑5菌株的基因组进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经纯化即可得到序列如SEQ ID NO.4的PCR产物;该产物与载体pPIC9K连接,经Sac I酶切后转化感受态毕赤酵母GS115,筛选出阳性转化子;该转化子进行发酵培养,对其发酵液进行回收浓缩,即可得到耐热性很强且在pH 6.0‑8.0范围内抑菌活性最高的抗菌肽。该抗菌肽对禾谷丝核菌显示强烈的抑制而且性质稳定,有利于工业生产,发酵生产的抗菌蛋白对储存、运输的条件要求比较低,投放于田间后,可以抵御恶劣的自然环境,长时间发挥抑菌效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物发酵领域,尤其涉及一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
小麦纹枯病(Wheat SheathBlight)又称立枯病、尖眼点病,是由禾谷丝核菌(Rhizotonia cerealis)引起的土传真菌病害,其分布范围甚广。小麦纹枯病对小麦产量影响较大,发病时一般减产10%~20%,严重时减产50%左右,甚至造成枯孕穗、枯白穗,造成颗粒无收。近年来,由于气候变暖、耕作、栽培制度变化等原因,小麦纹枯病的发生和为害日益严重,已成为我国小麦高产、稳产的主要障碍之一。
生物防治高效、低毒、无害、无污染、不产生抗药性,不仅符合人们对绿色食品的需求,而且为农业的可持续发展提供了保障,因此,植物病害生物防治的研究越来越受到重视。芽胞杆菌(Bacillus spp.)能够形成抗逆耐热的芽孢,赋予它长期生存能力且容易开发利用;分泌多种次生代谢产物而具有显著的抗病促生作用;在植物根际、体表或体内长期有效定殖同病原菌竞争植物周围的营养,因此,它是理想的生防菌筛选对象。芽胞杆菌对植物病害的防控最直接的作用体现在通过分泌次生代谢产物抑制甚至杀死植物病原物,减少后者对植物正常生长发育的为害,产生抗菌活性物质是其防病促生的主要机制。
芽孢杆菌在生长的过程中分泌抗菌蛋白(AntifungalProtein),抗菌蛋白是一类对病原菌具有抑制生长作用的蛋白质,由于其作用机制特殊,对环境没有污染,对其他生物危害性小,且不易产生抗药性,对其研究方兴未艾。通过分离得到抗菌蛋白纯品,研究其生化特性和生物学功能,或者通过观察其对寄主或病原菌的组织细胞形态的影响进而明确其作用位点,可阐明其抑菌机理。
对于小麦纹枯病的生物防治,急需研发一种有效的抗菌肽和其生物学生产方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用。
枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)Z-5菌株于2014年3月18日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,分类学命名为Bacillussubtilis,保藏编号为CGMCCNO.8925,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)Z-5菌株对禾谷丝核菌(Rhizotoniacerealis)具有显著拮抗作用。本发明以小麦纹枯病菌禾谷丝核菌(Rhizotonia cerealis)为指示菌,从Z-5菌株发酵上清液中分离抗真菌蛋白并进行巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115菌株表达。
本发明提供了一种新型抗菌肽,该抗菌多肽为具有SEQ ID NO.3所示的氨基酸序列的抗菌活性多肽或其功能等同物。
进一步的,所述的功能等同物是在不改变所述多肽的生物学活性的前提下,对所述多肽个别氨基酸的取代、缺失或加入而得到的多肽。
进一步的,所述的多肽是以DNA重组技术得到的。
本发明还提供了所述的新型抗菌肽的DNA序列或其功能等同物。
进一步的,所述的DNA序列具有SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明还提供了携带所述的新型抗菌肽DNA序列的重组表达载体。
本发明还提供了一种制备所述的新型抗菌肽的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)得到具有SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列或其功能等同物;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的核苷酸序列与适当的真核表达载体连接在一起,得到适于在真核细胞中表达的重组表达载体;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的重组表达载体转化到适合的宿主细胞中,并筛选被转化的细胞;
(4)在适于表达所说的抗菌肽的条件下,培养所述的被转化细胞;
(5)从上述细胞培养物直接得到或从中分离纯化所需的抗菌肽。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列的获得包括如下步骤:
(1)结合Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42假想蛋白的DNA序列和真核表达载体pPIC9K的多克隆位点设计上游引物和下游引物,上游引物序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,下游引物序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,其中上游引物和下游引物的5’端引入限制性内切酶位点,下游引物中加入6个ATG;
(2)使用上游引物和下游引物对枯草芽孢杆菌Z-5菌株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增;
所述枯草芽胞杆菌Z-5菌株于2014年3月18日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,分类学命名为Bacillus subtilis,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.8925,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号;
(3)对步骤(2)中得到的PCR扩增产物进行纯化即可得到具有SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明还提供了所述的抗菌肽在农业中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明采用酵母表达系统,由于其安全性和分泌胞外蛋白的特点,被认为是表达和分泌异源蛋白的理想受体。该新型抗菌肽分泌到毕赤酵母胞外,利于提取,并且对禾谷丝核菌有抗菌活性。本发明提供的新型抗菌肽性质稳定,有利于工业生产,发酵生产的抗菌蛋白对储存、运输的条件要求比较低,投放于田间后,可以抵御恶劣的自然环境,长时间发挥抑菌效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中阴离子交换层析图。
图2为实施例3中抗菌蛋白组分6和7的抑菌活性检测对比图。
图3为实施例3中活性组分6的反相层析图。
图4为实施例2中粗蛋白和实施例3中抗菌蛋白组分6-2的抑菌活性检测图。
图5为实施例3中抗菌肽A2的SDS-PAGE电泳图。
图6为实施例5中GS115(重组质粒pPIC9K-a2)表达蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析图,其中M:蛋白分子量标准;泳道1:重组GS115未诱导表达;泳道2-4:重组GS115分别诱导72,96和120h的发酵上清液。
图7为实施例5中重组毕赤酵母GS115(pPIC9K-a2)蛋白镍柱亲和层析后SDS-PAGE分析图,其中M:蛋白分子量标准;泳道1:重组GS115发酵上清液;泳道2:重组GS115诱导产物经镍柱纯化洗脱组分。
图8为实施例5中抗菌肽A2对禾谷丝核菌抑制活性检测结果。
图9为实施例5中抗菌肽A2对酸碱的耐受性检测结果。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中所用的试剂、禾谷丝核菌(Rhizotonia cerealis)、真核表达载体质粒pPIC9K和巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115菌株均可买到。
实施例1
枯草芽胞杆菌Z-5菌株抑菌物质提取
将NA斜面活化的拮抗细菌Z-5菌株接种于发酵培养基(蔗糖20g,胰蛋白胨10g,KH2PO42g,CaCl20.05g,MgSO40.05g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.5)中,28℃、180rpm振荡培养48h后,8000rpm离心15min去除菌体,回收上清液,为了平衡硫酸铵溶解时产生的酸化作用,先向上清液中加入pH 7.2磷酸缓冲液至终浓度为50mmol/L,再缓慢加入硫酸铵使其饱和度为80%,4℃静置过夜后,12000rpm离心15min,收集沉淀。将沉淀用适量的10mmol/L pH7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解,用截留分子量为8000-14000Da的透析袋在4℃10mmol/L pH7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液下透析除盐,每隔2h换液一次,透析2d,然后经过真空冷冻(CHRIST,alpha2-4LSC)干燥获得粗蛋白干粉。
实施例2
抑菌物质活性检测
将PDA斜面培养7d的禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)中加入适量无菌水制成孢子悬液,加到融化后冷却至约50℃的PDA培养基中,混匀后倒平板。用无菌打孔器在病原菌平板上打孔,每孔注入30μL过滤除菌的粗蛋白溶液(φ=0.22μm微孔滤膜)或磷酸盐缓冲液,25℃恒温培养5d,以抑菌圈直径为指标检测抑菌物质活性,其中图4中的粗蛋白抑菌圈显示本实施制备的粗蛋白的抑菌效果。
实施例3
抑菌物质分离纯化
抑菌蛋白的分离纯化采用AKTAexplorer100型蛋白液相色谱仪(Amersham)进行。将Z-5菌株发酵上清液中的抑菌物质采用80%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀后进行冷冻干燥,将固体粉末溶于20mmol/L的Tris-HCl平衡液制备粗蛋白溶液,粗蛋白溶液经阴离子交换柱HiTrapDEAE Sepharose FF(Amersham pharmacia)分离,层析柱经pH 7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液充分平衡后,依次采用0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.45、0.6和1.0mol/L的NaCl进行梯度洗脱,检测波长280nm,共得8个蛋白洗脱峰,如图1所示。各洗脱组分经透析除盐并浓缩后进行抑菌活性检测,组分6和组分7具有抑菌活性,收集这两个活性组分,经SDS-PAGE检测均出现多个蛋白条带,将收集的两个活性组分浓缩到相同浓度后检测抑菌活性,组分6的抑菌活性高于组分7,结果如图2所示,所以选取组分6进一步用反相层析柱ResourTM RPC(Amersham pharmacia)进行分离,层析柱经0.06%TFA溶液充分平衡后,采用含0.05%TFA的60%乙腈溶液线性洗脱,检测波长215nm,如图3所示,各洗脱组分经透析除盐再浓缩后进行抑菌活性检测,如图4所示,组分6-2具有抑菌活性。采用SDS-PAGE检测组分6-2为电泳纯蛋白组分,分子量约为9KD,结果如图5所示,并将此蛋白组分命名为A2,其中浓缩胶浓度为5%,分离胶浓度为12%。采用Bradford法检测分离蛋白质浓度,以牛血清白蛋白(Roche)作为标准。
实施例4
抗菌肽N-末端氨基酸序列测定
将分离纯化的抗菌肽经过SDS尿素胶电泳后利用CAPS缓冲液电转移(60V)30min至PVDF膜,采用蛋白序列仪(Applied Biosystems 491Protein Sequences)的EDMAN降解法测定N-末端部分氨基酸残基序列。经测定抗菌多肽A2N-末端的15个氨基酸残基序列为H2N-Ala-Ser-Gly-Gly-Thr-Val-Gly-Ile-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Asn-Met-Arg-Ser。
实施例5
抗菌肽A2基因在毕赤酵母GS115中的诱导表达
结合Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42假想蛋白的DNA序列和真核表达载体pPIC9K的多克隆位点设计上游引物W-pPIC9K-QC(序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示)和下游引物W-pPIC9K-D(序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示),扩增a2基因开放阅读框(ORF),分别在引物的5’端引入限制性内切酶位点EcoR I和Not I,在引物W-pPIC9K-D中加入6×His标签(6个ATG)。其中引物序列如下所示:
SEQ ID NO.1:5’-CCGGAATTCATGGTACGTCGTTTGTCGATC-3’;
SEQ ID NO.2:5’-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCTTAATGATGATGATGATGATGTAAACCGTAATAATAAGATAG-3’。
使用W-pPIC9K-QC、W-pPIC9K-D对Z-5菌株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,其产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到一条约350bp的条带。PCR产物送到上海生工生物工程有限公司进行测序,分析结果为:抗菌蛋白A2合成基因共354bp,序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示,编码117个氨基酸。将此117个氨基酸在NCBI上进行比对,发现与Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42的假想蛋白的氨基酸序列完全相同。翻译后的蛋白序列SEQ ID NO.3如下:
MVRRLSIISLAMIFAVSLFAFGGSASAAAFKPKAEPDVSILASGGTVGIYGANMRSCSKVSC STITTFSSGKKITGSWVTGEYVQGHYTNSNKWLKVTYAGATGYVSVTTLSYYYGL。
将PCR产物与载体pPIC9K连接,经Sac I酶切后转化感受态毕赤酵母GS115,筛选在G418终浓度为2.0mg/mL的YPD平板上生长良好的多拷贝数整合子。将阳性转化子接种于BMGY培养基,25℃250rpm培养24h,4000rpm离心10min回收菌体并转接到BMMY培养基,25℃250rpm培养96h,每隔24h补加甲醇至终浓度为1.0%,将发酵液8000rpm离心5min回收上清,TCA浓缩后进行SDS-PAGE检测,可以清晰地获得约为19kD的蛋白电泳条带,如图6所示,其分子量比预计的分子量(14kD)稍大。虽然载体pPIC9K中无His标签,但在设计引物时,为便于后续蛋白纯化而引入了His标签,所以His标签与目的蛋白融合后表达的蛋白为19kD。在胞内培养物中没有得到目的条带,说明a2基因的表达蛋白是以分泌蛋白的形式分泌至胞外。重组表达蛋白按照Clontech公司提供的His60Ni SuperflowTM Resin&Gravity Columns的操作程序进行纯化,将毕赤酵母GS115(pPIC9K-a2)发酵上清液进行镍柱亲和层析,SDS-PAGE检测获得约19kD的单一蛋白电泳条带,如图7所示,其蛋白纯化产物经透析并冷冻干燥后,采用适量的磷酸缓冲液溶解后检测其对禾谷丝核菌的抑菌活性,结果如图8所示,重组蛋白A2表现出对病原菌的显著拮抗活性。
纯化后的抗菌肽A2分别经40℃、60℃、80℃、100℃和121℃处理30min测定抑菌活性,结果如表1所示。
表1抗菌肽A2的热稳定性检测
由上表可知,各温度下抑菌活性与对照(25℃)相比差异不显著,100℃处理30min抑菌活性稍有减小,抑菌圈透明度明显降低,121℃处理30min抑菌圈直径比对照减少22%,说明抗菌肽A2耐热性很强。
将纯化后的抗菌肽A2溶液分别调节pH为3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0和10.0,pH 3.0-8.0采用磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液,pH 9.0-10.0采用甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液,不同pH值处理1.5h后检测抑菌活性,以pH 7.0缓冲液的抗菌肽为对照,结果如图9所示,pH6.0-8.0范围内A2抑菌活性最高;在pH 8.0-10.0,A2抑菌活性略降低但与对照(pH 7.0)无显著差别;pH 4.0时A2抑菌活性显著下降,pH 3.0时A2全部沉淀,离心后取上清液,检测不到抑菌活性。
纯化后的抗菌肽A2溶液分别用1.0mg/mL蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶(均购自Amresco)37℃处理1.5h后测定抗菌肽抑菌活性,结果如表2所示。
表2抗菌肽A2对蛋白酶的耐受性
由表2可知,抗菌肽A2对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶不敏感,经胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌圈直径比对照减少约11%。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
序列表
<110> 河北农业大学
<120> 一种新型抗菌肽及其制备方法和应用
<130> 2019.12.19
<141> 2020-03-09
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列()
<400> 1
ccggaattca tggtacgtcg tttgtcgatc 30
<210> 2
<211> 58
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列()
<400> 2
ataagaatgc ggccgcttaa tgatgatgat gatgatgtaa accgtaataa taagatag 58
<210> 3
<211> 117
<212> PRT
<213> 枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)
<400> 3
Met Val Arg Arg Leu Ser Ile Ile Ser Leu Ala Met Ile Phe Ala Val
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Phe Ala Phe Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Ala Ala Ala Phe Lys Pro
20 25 30
Lys Ala Glu Pro Asp Val Ser Ile Leu Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Val Gly
35 40 45
Ile Tyr Gly Ala Asn Met Arg Ser Cys Ser Lys Val Ser Cys Ser Thr
50 55 60
Ile Thr Thr Phe Ser Ser Gly Lys Lys Ile Thr Gly Ser Trp Val Thr
65 70 75 80
Gly Glu Tyr Val Gln Gly His Tyr Thr Asn Ser Asn Lys Trp Leu Lys
85 90 95
Val Thr Tyr Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Tyr Val Ser Val Thr Thr Leu Ser
100 105 110
Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Leu
115
<210> 4
<211> 354
<212> DNA
<213> 枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)
<400> 4
atggtacgtc gtttgtcgat catttcttta gccatgattt ttgctgtttc tttattcgct 60
tttggcggct ctgcatcagc agcagctttc aaacctaaag ctgaaccgga cgtttccatt 120
ttagccagcg ggggcacagt cggtatttac ggtgctaata tgcgctcatg ctctaaggtc 180
agctgttcaa cgatcacaac attctcaagc ggtaaaaaaa ttacaggttc ttgggtaacc 240
ggagaatatg ttcaaggcca ctacaccaat tctaataaat ggctgaaagt cacgtatgca 300
ggagcgacag gctacgtttc agtcaccacg ctatcttatt attacggttt ataa 354
Claims (3)
1.一种新型抗菌肽在抑制禾谷丝核菌活性中的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
2.权利要求1所述的新型抗菌肽在抑制禾谷丝核菌活性中的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌肽的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)得到具有SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的核苷酸序列与适当的真核表达载体连接在一起,得到适于在真核细胞中表达的重组表达载体;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的重组表达载体转化到适合的宿主细胞中,并筛选被转化的细胞;
(4)在适于表达所说的抗菌肽的条件下,培养所述的被转化细胞;
(5)从上述细胞培养物直接得到或从中分离纯化所需的抗菌肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列的获得包括如下步骤:
(1)结合Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42假想蛋白的DNA序列和真核表达载体pPIC9K的多克隆位点设计上游引物和下游引物,上游引物序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,下游引物序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,其中上游引物和下游引物的5’端引入限制性内切酶位点,下游引物中加入6个ATG;
(2)使用上游引物和下游引物对枯草芽孢杆菌Z-5菌株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增;
所述枯草芽胞杆菌Z-5菌株于2014年3月18日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,分类学命名为Bacillus subtilis,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.8925,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号;
(3)对步骤(2)中得到的PCR扩增产物进行纯化即可得到具有SEQ ID NO.4所示的核苷酸序列。
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