CN111254392A - 一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具 - Google Patents

一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具 Download PDF

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CN111254392A
CN111254392A CN201910965854.6A CN201910965854A CN111254392A CN 111254392 A CN111254392 A CN 111254392A CN 201910965854 A CN201910965854 A CN 201910965854A CN 111254392 A CN111254392 A CN 111254392A
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layer
cutter
situ self
hard coating
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吴泽
刘磊
邢佑强
鲍航
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/36—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including layers graded in composition or physical properties

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于切削加工刀具制造技术领域，涉及一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具。本发明提供的硬质涂层刀具沿刀具基体向外依次为Ti过渡层、TiN基础层、ZrTiN工作层，其中ZrTiN工作层为叠层复合梯度涂层，由内向外，各叠层的Ti含量逐渐减少，Zr含量逐渐增加。Ti过渡层可提高刀具基体与涂层之间的界面结合强度，减少涂层残余应力；TiN基础层具有高硬度，提高刀具抗磨损能力；ZrTiN工作层中的Zr元素在切削高温作用下会原位生成具有润滑作用的氧化物，实现原位自润滑。本发明提供的梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具可广泛应用于难加工材料的干式切削加工，原位自润滑，绿色环保。

Description

一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，属于切削加工刀具制造技术领域。
背景技术
切削加工技术是机械制造业中应用最广泛的基础技术，而切削刀具技术的进步则是切削加工技术快速发展的关键。近年来，为满足干切削、高速切削等对切削刀具提出的新的要求，金属切削工具行业在不断尝试开发新型耐磨刀具材料、刀具涂层以及开展刀具几何结构的优化设计，这些方法均在一定程度上解决了限制切削技术发展的瓶颈问题。在这些方法中，其中以涂层的适用性最为广泛，刀具涂层大体可以分为硬涂层和软涂层两大类。硬涂层是通过物理或化学的方法在刀具基体沉积显微硬度较高的表面材料，硬涂层具有超硬、强韧、耐磨的优势。软涂层一般指在刀具表面沉积具有润滑作用的软质表面材料，切削时能够实现自润滑的功能。目前，将软硬涂层复合，在硬涂层表面继续沉积软涂层，可实现硬质承载和软质润滑的综合功效，但具有润滑功能的软涂层易于磨损脱落。为此，开发新型的硬质润滑涂层对促进切削加工技术的进步将具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，提高涂层膜基结合强度并兼顾涂层的硬质承载和润滑的复合功能。
本发明的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，沿刀具基体向外依次为Ti过渡层、TiN基础层、ZrTiN工作层，其中ZrTiN工作层为叠层复合梯度涂层，由内向外，各叠层的Ti含量逐渐减少，Zr含量逐渐增加。本发明的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，其基体材料可以是高速钢、硬质合金、陶瓷等材料。Ti过渡层的厚度为0.5～0.6μm，TiN基础层的厚度为0.8～1.0μm。ZrTiN工作层由5～10层化学成分梯度变化的叠层组成，组成叠层的各单层厚度在0.3～0.6μm，化学成分按原子百分比计，包括：N 30～50at.％，Ti 40～60at.％，Zr 2～30at.％。
本发明兼顾硬涂层和软涂层的综合优势。其中，Ti过渡层可提高刀具基体与涂层材料之间的界面结合强度，减少涂层的应力集中。TiN基础层具有高硬度和良好的承载能力。成分梯度变化的多层叠层构成的ZrTiN工作层具有两大优势，一方面，成分梯度变化的叠层组织的界面结合稳定，涂层整体应力减小，性能稳定；另一方面，由内向外成分含量逐渐增加的Zr元素在切削高温作用下会原位生成具有润滑作用的ZrO2，实现切削的原位自润滑。本发明的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具可广泛应用于难加工材料的干式切削加工，刀具耐用度高，切削无需辅助润滑液，绿色环保。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，刀具基体材料为钨钴类硬质合金，沿刀具基体向外依次为Ti过渡层、TiN基础层、ZrTiN工作层。Ti过渡层的厚度为0.5μm，TiN基础层的厚度为0.8μm。ZrTiN工作层由5层化学成分梯度变化的叠层组成，叠层的单层厚度均为0.5μm，组成叠层的5个单层的化学成分由内至外依次为：第一层N 40at.％，Ti 56at.％，Zr4at.％；第二层N 40at.％，Ti 52at.％，Zr 8at.％；第三层N 40at.％，Ti 48at.％，Zr12at.％；第四层N 40at.％，Ti 44at.％，Zr 16at.％；第五层N 40at.％，Ti 40at.％，Zr20at.％。该涂层的制备采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的方法。

Claims (5)

1.一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，沿刀具基体向外依次为Ti过渡层、TiN基础层、ZrTiN工作层，其中ZrTiN工作层为叠层复合梯度涂层，由内向外，各叠层的Ti含量逐渐减少，Zr含量逐渐增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，其特征在于，刀具基体材料可以是高速钢、硬质合金、陶瓷等材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，其特征在于，Ti过渡层的厚度为0.5～0.6μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，其特征在于，TiN基础层的厚度为0.8～1.0μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具，其特征在于，特别地，ZrTiN工作层由5～10层化学成分梯度变化的叠层组成，组成叠层的各单层厚度在0.3～0.6μm，化学成分按原子百分比计，包括：N 30～50at.％，Ti 40～60at.％，Zr 2～30at.％。
CN201910965854.6A 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 一种梯度原位自润滑硬质涂层刀具 Pending CN111254392A (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2003132000A (ru) * 2003-10-31 2005-04-20 Уль новский государственный технический университет (RU) Способ получения износостойкого покрытия для режущего инструмента
CN102277554A (zh) * 2011-07-29 2011-12-14 山推工程机械股份有限公司 梯度叠层涂层刀具及其制备方法
CN104400024A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-03-11 洛阳理工学院 AlZrTiN复合多梯度多涂层车削刀片及其制备方法
CN106086787A (zh) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 济宁学院 Ti‑TiN+MoS2/Ti叠层复合涂层刀具及其制备工艺
CN107201499A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-26 东北大学 一种钛合金切削用成分梯度TiAlXN涂层刀具及其制备方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2003132000A (ru) * 2003-10-31 2005-04-20 Уль новский государственный технический университет (RU) Способ получения износостойкого покрытия для режущего инструмента
CN102277554A (zh) * 2011-07-29 2011-12-14 山推工程机械股份有限公司 梯度叠层涂层刀具及其制备方法
CN104400024A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-03-11 洛阳理工学院 AlZrTiN复合多梯度多涂层车削刀片及其制备方法
CN106086787A (zh) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 济宁学院 Ti‑TiN+MoS2/Ti叠层复合涂层刀具及其制备工艺
CN107201499A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-26 东北大学 一种钛合金切削用成分梯度TiAlXN涂层刀具及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20200609