CN111248256A - 一种果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,属于农产品加工技术领域,该方法是将新鲜果蔬预处理后,经过含偏硅酸钠的臭氧水中浸泡处理。本发明方法处理后,果蔬的细菌菌落总数和霉菌酵母菌数量分别控制在3和2log10cfu/g以下,减菌率超过99%,未检出大肠菌群。处理后果蔬色泽无显著性差异,无异味,营养成分保留较好,且无残留,对加工设备无腐蚀性,具有较高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理降低果蔬表面微生物,进行果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜的方法。
背景技术
近年来人们的消费能力和生活质量不断提高,生活节奏加快,对鲜切蔬菜的需求量越来越高。新鲜生产的水果蔬菜,经过采摘、分拣、清洗、切割、防腐保鲜、包装等处理后,直接运输到市场销售,到达消费者手中即可食用的果蔬加工产品,它最大限度地保持了新鲜的口感、风味和营养物质。
微生物污染是鲜切果蔬加工中首要问题。随着社会经济的发展,化学、物理和生物方法已经应用在鲜切果蔬加工的杀菌环节,效果显著。臭氧作为一种强氧化剂,表现出较好的杀菌效果,且具有无污染、无残留等优点,此外,臭氧还能抑制果蔬呼吸作用和保持果蔬营养物质和色泽风味。
偏硅酸钠是一种无毒、无味、无公害的白色粉末或结晶颗粒,溶于水,被公认为是安全的直接接触食品成分,可用作清洗水果、蔬菜和坚果的加工助剂,并且对加工设备金属具有防腐蚀作用。偏硅酸钠已由美国食品药品监督管理局于2003年批准使用。季秀群(CN103098862 A),姚剑、刘元礼(CN 105875812 A)等先将偏硅酸钠加入水中,清洗蔬菜后,再放入臭氧水中消毒,达到减菌的目的。以上专利是将清洗和消毒减菌分段完成,且浸泡时间长(15~30分钟)。本发明采用低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠杀菌处理,通过加入的偏硅酸钠增加臭氧水杀菌效率,显著降低蔬菜表面的微生物含量并能保持其营养品质。
发明内容
本发明为了寻求高效安全的杀菌方式,提供了一种低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理降低蔬菜表面微生物方法,该方法绿色环保,经济快速,安全高效。
本发明提供一种低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理降低蔬菜表面微生物方法,该方法是将新鲜果蔬预处理后,经过含偏硅酸钠的臭氧水中浸泡处理。
优选上述臭氧水浓度:0.5~4ppm;偏硅酸钠浓度:0.1~0.4%(w/v),最优选偏硅酸钠浓度0.4%(w/v),臭氧水浓度为4ppm。
优选臭氧水温度:5~30℃,最优选臭氧水温度为15~20℃。
优选新鲜果蔬预处理步骤包括选取新鲜蔬菜,经清洗、切片或切块,置于无菌环境下沥干。
优选浸泡处理时间:1~5min,料液比:1:2~1:5;最优选浸泡时间为2min,料液比为1:3。
优选经过浸泡处理后的蔬菜取出置于无菌环境晾干后包装、贮藏,贮藏温度为4~8℃。
优选新鲜果蔬无机械损伤且无病虫害。
优选臭氧水为低压电解臭氧水。
本发明方法可应用在食品保鲜、食品杀菌、食品加工中。
与现有技术比较本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明采用较低浓度的低压电解臭氧水(0.5~4ppm)协同偏硅酸钠(0.1~0.4%,w/v)处理,相对于单独处理和未处理均显著降低蔬菜表面的微生物数量,其细菌菌落总数和霉菌酵母菌数量分别可控制在3和2log10 cfu/g以下,减菌率均超过99%,且未检出大肠菌群。
(2)本发明采用较低浓度的低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠,在较短时间内(1~5min)可达到较高的杀菌效率,同时实现清洗的效果。
(3)本发明采用低压电解臭氧水是由自来水电解生成,不生成氮氧化物,同时使用后还原成氧气,无残留,温度范围广,实现在较低的温度下达到较好的灭菌效果,加工能耗低。
(4)本发明采用较低浓度低压电解臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠短时处理(1~5min),相对于单独处理,蔬菜色泽无显著性差异,无异味,营养成分保留率较高,其中胡萝卜中类胡萝卜素和维生素C的保留率超过85%。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例方法对胡萝卜细菌菌落总数的影响图。
图2为本发明实施例方法对胡萝卜酵母菌和霉菌数量的影响图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的。
实施例1
(1)选取无机械损伤、无病虫害、新鲜的胡萝卜,用自来水清洗,切成5mm的片状,置于无菌环境沥干;
(2)将臭氧水中加入0.4%偏硅酸钠,臭氧水温度为20℃,浓度为4ppm;
(3)将沥干的胡萝卜置于臭氧水-偏硅酸钠中浸泡2min,料液比:1:3;
(4)将胡萝卜取出置于无菌环境,至表面晾干后,真空包装,贮藏温度为8℃。
本实施例中,胡萝卜色泽无显著变化,无异味,经臭氧水和偏硅酸钠协同处理后细菌菌落总数降低2.64log10 cfu/g,减菌率达到99.77%;霉菌酵母菌数量降低2.58log10cfu/g,减菌率达到99.74%;未检出大肠菌群。
实施例2
(1)选取无机械损伤、无病虫害、新鲜的胡萝卜,用自来水清洗,切成5mm的片状,置于无菌环境沥干;
(2)将臭氧水中加入0.2%偏硅酸钠,臭氧水温度为15℃,浓度为2ppm;
(3)将沥干的胡萝卜置于臭氧水-偏硅酸钠中浸泡1min,料液比1:2;
(4)将胡萝卜取出置于无菌环境,至表面晾干后,真空包装,贮藏温度为8℃。
本实施例中,胡萝卜色泽无显著变化,无异味,经臭氧水和偏硅酸钠协同处理后细菌菌落总数降低2log10 cfu/g,减菌率达到99.00%;霉菌酵母菌数量降低2.01log10 cfu/g,减菌率达到99.02%;未检出大肠菌群。
应用实施例
表1:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜色泽的影响
表2:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜维生素C和类胡萝卜素含量的影响
表3:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜大肠菌群的影响
表1:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜色泽的影响
注:同列字母不同表示差异显著(p<0.05)。CK:自来水清洗2min;O3:臭氧水(4ppm)清洗2min;SM:偏硅酸钠(0.4%)清洗2min;O3+SM(按照实施例1方法):臭氧水(4ppm)协同偏硅酸钠(0.4%)清洗2min;SM-O3:先用偏硅酸钠浸泡30min,再经过臭氧水浸泡30min。下同。
表2:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜维生素C和类胡萝卜素含量的影响
注:FW:鲜重。
表3:臭氧水协同偏硅酸钠处理对胡萝卜大肠菌群的影响
注:ND:未检出。
对比例
(1)选取无机械损伤、无病虫害、新鲜的胡萝卜,用自来水清洗,切成5mm的片状,置于无菌环境沥干;
(2)在水中加入0.4%偏硅酸钠,将沥干的胡萝卜置于偏硅酸钠中浸泡30min后,用清水冲洗干净;
(3)将沥干的胡萝卜置于臭氧水中浸泡30min,料液比:1:3;
(4)将胡萝卜取出置于无菌环境,至表面晾干后,真空包装,贮藏温度为8℃。
本对比例中,胡萝卜先经偏硅酸钠清洗,再经过臭氧水处理后细菌菌落总数降低1.62log10 cfu/g,减菌率为97.6%;霉菌酵母菌数量降低1.91log10cfu/g,减菌率为98.77%;大肠菌群数量5±1MPN/100g,维生素C含量降低29.43%。
Claims (9)
1.一种果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于将新鲜果蔬预处理后,经过含偏硅酸钠的臭氧水中浸泡处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于所述的臭氧水浓度为0.5~4ppm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于所述的偏硅酸钠浓度为0.1~0.4%(w/v)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于臭氧水温度:5~30℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于新鲜果蔬预处理步骤包括选取新鲜蔬菜,经清洗、切片或切块,置于无菌环境下沥干。
6.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于浸泡处理时间:1~5min,料液比:1:2~1:5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于经过浸泡处理后的蔬菜取出置于无菌环境晾干后包装、贮藏,贮藏温度为4~8℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于所述新鲜果蔬无机械损伤且无病虫害。
9.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬清洗杀菌保鲜方法,其特征在于所述臭氧水为低压电解臭氧水。
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