CN111248127A - Filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method for key technology of intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusk - Google Patents
Filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method for key technology of intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusk Download PDFInfo
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- CN111248127A CN111248127A CN202010086286.5A CN202010086286A CN111248127A CN 111248127 A CN111248127 A CN 111248127A CN 202010086286 A CN202010086286 A CN 202010086286A CN 111248127 A CN111248127 A CN 111248127A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of a key technology for intermediate culture of giant clam juvenile mollusk. The method comprises the following steps: 1) during the culture period of tridacna juvenile mollusks, blue-purple light-transmitting corrugated tiles are adopted to shield light and control the light wavelength for culture, and the illumination intensity range is 6000-15000 Lux; 2) maintaining the salinity and temperature of the seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile mollusk at normal seawater, and maintaining the KH of the seawater body at 8-10 and the pH at 8.0-8.5; 3) adding denitrifying bacteria and bacillus into the seawater periodically every week during the culture period; 4) when brown or green algae spots are found in the culture pond and the culture pond tends to expand day by day, the dried Chinese lobelia is added into the culture pond, and if dead organisms are found, proper treatment is timely picked out. The filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method disclosed by the invention can effectively inhibit filamentous algae outbreak, remarkably improves the intermediate culture success rate of tridacna juvenile mollusks, and has the characteristics of low cost, good effect, easiness in execution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial culture of giant clams in marine aquatic product industry, and particularly relates to a filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of a giant clam juvenile intermediate culture key technology.
Background
Tridacna belongs to the order venenatridae, the largest marine bivalve species of tridacna (Tridacnidae) or trioyster. Tropical and subtropical oceans distributed in the indian ocean and pacific ocean are most common, especially in the sea areas of south china, the philippines, indonesia and australia. The coral reef mainly exists in Nansha islands, West sand and Hainan island coral reef areas in China, and is one of main functional organisms of the coral reef. The maximum shell growth of tridacna is recorded to be 1.8 m, the weight of tridacna exceeds 300 kg, the growth speed of tridacna is slow, and the growth of common species is increased by about 5-8 cm.
Giant clams are extremely high in economic value, and fresh and cooked giant clams can be eaten by meat, and the giant clams are generally used as cooking raw materials of high-grade seafood dishes, and are more valuable when being prepared into dry products. At least 500 tons demand per year for Okinawa, Japan alone. The live mantle is bright in color and beautifully charming, is a favorite of various large aquariums, and has the aquatic animals with the demand of about 50,000 in the United states and the global demand of more than millions according to the relevant data of the United states aquarium; the shell is also valued by the world. The story of ' clam, tridacna offering elbow to redeem Wen king' is recorded in the ancient book Dazhong of China; giant clams are listed as the head of Buddhist seven-treasure in Buddha classic's Buddha Jing' to be used as a Buddha bead for enhancing the theory of morality; the compendium of materia medica records the effects of relieving palpitation and tranquilization, cooling blood and reducing blood pressure, improving the immunity of the organism and the like. Even at present, tridacna is also like four organic gems of ivory, coral red and amber.
On one hand, the giant clams are valuable in the whole body, so that the market demand is increased day by day, but the giant clams grow slowly naturally, and the serious shortage of natural supply is aggravated; on the other hand, the giant clam artificial breeding intermediate culture technology is not perfect, so that the atrophy of giant clam natural resources is deepened, and the recovery of giant clam resources and the ecological stability of coral reefs are seriously influenced. In order to protect giant clam resources, the giant clam is classified as the species of 'international endangered wild animal and plant trade protection convention' in 1984 by the CISES (common living organisms), and the method for helping to recover the south-sea precious resources in China by utilizing full artificial propagation, proliferation and releasing is one of the most effective methods at present. However, natural sea areas are harmful to sea and the environment is gradually worsened, so that the artificial proliferation and releasing of giant clams in China lacks technical development and practical experience, reports about successful artificial breeding of giant clams and cultivation of young shells and juvenile shells are few, and only one giant clam 2016 is provided at present. In order to improve the survival rate of open-air release of tridacna, an intermediate culture link of tridacna juvenile mollusks is particularly important, because tridacna is distorted to the size of juvenile mollusks only about 1mm, and the release size is at least more than 50mm, so the intermediate link transitional culture technology determines the height of industrial development to a certain extent, and long-term practical production proves that the difficulty of intermediate transitional culture lies in the high death rate of tridacna juvenile mollusks caused by explosive propagation of filamentous algae, and how to prevent and control filamentous algae is a key technology for giant clam transitional culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of a key technology for intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusk, which comprises the following steps:
1) during the culture of tridacna juvenile mollusk, blue-purple light-transmitting corrugated tiles are adopted for shading culture, and the illumination intensity range is 6000 Lux-15000 Lux;
2) maintaining the salinity and temperature of seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell in normal seawater, maintaining the KH of seawater body in the range of 8-10 and the pH in the range of 8.0-8.5;
3) adding denitrifying bacteria and bacillus into the seawater periodically every week during the culture period;
4) when brown or green algae spots are found in the culture pond and the culture pond tends to expand day by day, adding the dried Chinese lobelia (the addition amount is 10 g/m)3) If the dead organisms are found, proper treatment is timely picked up.
In the step 2), the method for maintaining the KH parameter of the seawater body is to adjust by sodium bicarbonate or calcium hydroxide. Preferably, the KH parameter of the seawater body is maintained by adjusting with sodium bicarbonate.
In the step 3), denitrifying bacteria and bacillus are periodically added into the seawater every week during the culture period, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: adding denitrifying bacteria at a dosage of 0.5-0.8ppm periodically for 1 time every week, wherein the adding time is in the morning of sunny days, and 0.5ppm of bacillus is supplemented after 72 hours; the use method of denitrifying bacteria and bacillus adopts 300-mesh water rubbing and filtration.
In the step 3), when denitrifying bacteria and bacillus are added, the water body must keep high oxygen content, and the dissolved oxygen DO of the water body is more than or equal to 6.0 mg/mL.
In the step 4), the adding amount of the dried Chinese lobelia is 10g/m3The use mode of the dried Chinese lobelia is that the dried Chinese lobelia is soaked in boiled water and then stands to the normal temperature for splashing to the pool.
In the step 2), the salinity of the normal seawater is 30-33 ppt, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the comprehensive filamentous algae prevention and control method of key technology for giant clam juvenile intermediate cultivation is an integral prevention and control technology for avoiding filamentous algae outbreak in a giant clam intermediate cultivation process, which is designed based on physiological and ecological habits of giant clams and symbiotic zooxanthellae of giant clams, sensitivity of growth and reproduction of filamentous algae to environmental conditions and the like, can effectively inhibit filamentous algae outbreak, and remarkably improves the intermediate cultivation success rate of giant clam juvenile clams.
(2) The comprehensive prevention and control method for filamentous algae is a novel ecological comprehensive prevention and control method, and integrates the following three technical points: 1. the combination and matching of different water quality parameters (illumination, temperature, salinity, KH and pH); 2. treating water (denitrifying bacteria and spore bacteria regularly remove nutrient salts necessary for the propagation of filamentous algae in the water) by using a microbial preparation; 3. the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine lobelia chinensis are used for controlling and killing filamentous algae, so that the aims of efficiently inhibiting the explosion of the filamentous algae and remarkably improving the intermediate culture success rate of tridacna juvenile mollusks are fulfilled. In the research process, the inventor finds that the algae inhibiting effects of different water quality parameter combinations are very different, especially the KH parameter has an important influence on preventing and controlling the outbreak of filamentous algae in the water body, and the KH parameter is easy to ignore in the culture industry; specific denitrifying bacteria and spore bacteria are selected to remove filamentous algae nutritive salt, and the lobelia chinensis is further combined to control the sporophyte propagation of algae in the water body and kill the algae, so that the problem of filamentous algae cultured in the middle of tridacna juvenile mollusks is effectively solved.
(3) The giant clam juvenile mollusk intermediate culture time is 5 months by adopting the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method, and the results show that no filamentous algae uncontrolled growth phenomenon occurs in all 3 giant clam juvenile mollusk culture ponds adopting the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method, and the other three giant clam larvae cultured in the two conventional modes have 3 times of filamentous algae outbreak growth, so that a large amount of manpower is needed to perform algae removal operation on each coral stone and juvenile mollusk by using small hairbrushes (otherwise, the giant clam juvenile mollusk is killed in a large scale). In addition, the average increase of the inner shell length of the tridacna juvenile shells of 3 experimental ponds in 5 months reaches 58.2 +/-7.4 mm, and the survival rate reaches 81.2%; the average shell length of 2 conventional culture ponds used as a control is increased to 45.8 +/-6.9 mm, and the survival rate is 43.3 percent. Because the key technology of intermediate cultivation has obvious algae control effect, the success rate of intermediate cultivation is greatly increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be better understood by those skilled in the art from the following examples. The examples are described only to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
Example 1
Juvenile clams cultured by giant clams are originated from a breeding base of the applicant in san, and the giant clams are giant clams in 2016 years of 5-7 months in case implementation. Transplanting to boulder 20 days after artificial breeding and metamorphosis, wherein the total culture water is 30m3And 5 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds in total, wherein 3 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds adopt the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of the key technology of giant clam juvenile shellfish intermediate culture to perform filamentous algae prevention and control, and the other 2 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds adopt a conventional method to perform intermediate culture for reference.
The invention discloses a filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of a key technology for intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) during the culture period of tridacna juvenile mollusk, blue-purple light-transmitting corrugated tiles are adopted for shading culture, and the illumination intensity range is 6000 Lux;
(2) maintaining the salinity of the seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell at 30ppt and 29 ℃ of the normal seawater, adjusting the water body by using sodium bicarbonate, and maintaining KH (bicarbonate HCO) of the water body3 -Hardness) in8, pH in the range of 8.0;
(3) in addition to conventional management, denitrifying bacteria are added into seawater for 1 time every week at regular intervals, the dosage is 0.5ppm, the adding time is in the morning of sunny days, 0.5ppm of bacillus is supplemented after 72 hours, the using method of the denitrifying bacteria and the bacillus is that 300-mesh water rubbing and filtering are adopted, when the denitrifying bacteria and the bacillus are added, the water body needs to keep high oxygen content, and the dissolved oxygen DO of the water body is more than or equal to 6.0 mg/mL;
(4) when brown or green algae spots (brown or green algae spots on the pond wall, pond bottom or coral stone attached to tridacna juvenile) are found in the culture pond and tend to be gradually enlarged, 10g/m of dried Chinese lobelia product is added into the culture pond3(the use mode of the dried Chinese lobelia product is that the dried Chinese lobelia product is soaked in boiled water and then is kept stand to a normal temperature for splashing to the pond), the times of patrolling the culture pond are increased, and if dead organisms are found, proper treatment is timely picked up.
The conventional method for intermediate culture of tridacna controls filamentous algae technical steps:
the juvenile giant clams cultured by the conventional method are used as a control, the juvenile giant clams cultured by the comparative example are from the breeding base of the applicant in tridacna, the case implementation time is 2016, 5-7 months, and the species of tridacna are tridacna. Transplanting to boulder 20 days after artificial breeding and metamorphosis, wherein the total culture water is 20m3。
(1) Light rays are controlled by adopting a common semi-shading ceiling (such as striped cloth) during the culture period of tridacna juvenile mollusks, the illumination intensity range is about 20000Lux during the culture period, and no light source wavelength control measure is adopted;
(2) the seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell is maintained at the salinity of 30ppt, the temperature of 29 ℃, the dissolved oxygen DO (dissolved oxygen) of more than or equal to 5mg/mL and the pH of 8.3 of normal seawater. Ammonium sulfate was added to the culture water (amount used: 0.45ppm before 3 months of age and 1.0ppm after 4 months of age).
(3) Conventional management: changing water quantity 10 equivalent each day, removing dead individuals in time, measuring and recording water body parameters. The jar is inverted once every 4 days, the surfaces of tridacna juvenile shells are brushed one by one in water by using fine hairbrushes, filamentous algae on each attachment base (coral stone) of the juvenile shells are cleaned simultaneously, and the old jar is cleaned and disinfected.
The intermediate cultivation lasts for 5 months, and results show that no filamentous algae uncontrolled growth phenomenon occurs in all of the 3 giant clam larva culture ponds adopting the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method, and the other 3 times of filamentous algae outbreak growth occurs in the other 2 giant clam ponds cultivated in a conventional mode, so that a large amount of manpower is needed to perform algae removal operation on each coral stone and larva by using a hairbrush (otherwise, the giant clam larva is killed in a large scale). In addition, the average increase of the inner shell length of the tridacna juvenile shells of 3 experimental ponds in 5 months reaches 58.2 +/-7.4 mm, and the survival rate reaches 81.2%; the average shell length of 2 conventional culture ponds used as a control is increased to 45.8 +/-6.9 mm, and the survival rate is 43.3 percent. Because the key technology of intermediate cultivation has obvious algae control effect, the success rate of intermediate cultivation is greatly increased.
Example 2
The juvenile mollusks cultured by tridacna juvenile mollusks in the embodiment are originated from the breeding base of the applicant located in tridacna, the example implementation time is 2017, 6-8 months, and the tridacna species are crocea tridacna. Transplanting to boulder 20 days after artificial breeding and metamorphosis, wherein the total culture water is 30m3And 5 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds in total, wherein 3 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds adopt the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of the key technology of giant clam juvenile shellfish intermediate culture to perform filamentous algae prevention and control, and the other 2 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds adopt a conventional method to perform intermediate culture for reference.
The invention discloses a filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method of a key technology for intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) during the culture period of tridacna juvenile mollusk, blue-purple light-transmitting corrugated tiles are adopted for shading culture, and the illumination intensity range is 15000 Lux;
(2) maintaining the seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell at the salinity of 33ppt and the temperature of 30 ℃ of normal seawater, adjusting the water body by using sodium bicarbonate, and maintaining the KH (bicarbonate HCO) of the water body3 -Hardness) is in the range of 10, pH is in the range of 8.5;
(3) in addition to conventional management, denitrifying bacteria are added into seawater for 1 time every week at regular intervals, the dosage is 0.8ppm, the adding time is in the morning of sunny days, 0.5ppm of bacillus is supplemented after 72 hours, the using method of the denitrifying bacteria and the bacillus is that 300-mesh water rubbing and filtering are adopted, when the denitrifying bacteria and the bacillus are added, the water body needs to keep high oxygen content, and the dissolved oxygen DO of the water body is more than or equal to 6.0 mg/mL;
(4) when brown or green algae spots (brown or green algae spots on the pond wall, pond bottom or coral stone attached to tridacna juvenile) are found in the culture pond and tend to be gradually enlarged, 10g/m of dried Chinese lobelia product is added into the culture pond3(the use mode of the dried Chinese lobelia product is that the dried Chinese lobelia product is soaked in boiled water and then is kept stand to a normal temperature for splashing to the pond), the times of patrolling the culture pond are increased, and if dead organisms are found, proper treatment is timely picked up.
The conventional method for intermediate culture of tridacna controls filamentous algae technical steps:
the conventional method is used as a contrast, the contrast culture is carried out for 6-8 months in 2017, 2 glass fiber reinforced plastic ponds in the culture water body are used for culturing tridacna species tridacna, 20 cubic water bodies are used for culturing the tridacna.
(1) Light rays are controlled by adopting a common semi-shading ceiling (such as striped cloth) during the culture period of the tridacna juvenile mollusks, the illumination intensity range is about 18000Lux during the culture period, and no light source wavelength control measure is adopted;
(2) the seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell is maintained at the salinity of 33ppt, the temperature of 31 ℃, the dissolved oxygen DO (dissolved oxygen) of more than or equal to 5mg/mL and the pH of 8.3 of normal seawater. Ammonium sulfate was added to the culture water (amount used: 0.45ppm before 3 months of age and 1.0ppm after 4 months of age).
(3) Conventional management: changing water quantity 10 equivalent each day, removing dead individuals in time, measuring and recording water body parameters. The jar is inverted once every 4 days, the surfaces of tridacna juvenile shells are brushed one by one in water by using fine hairbrushes, filamentous algae on each attachment base (coral stone) of the juvenile shells are cleaned simultaneously, and the old jar is cleaned and disinfected.
The intermediate cultivation lasts for 5 months, and results show that no filamentous algae uncontrolled growth phenomenon occurs in all of the 3 giant clam larva culture ponds adopting the filamentous algae comprehensive prevention and control method, and the other 3 times of filamentous algae outbreak growth occurs in the other 2 giant clam ponds cultivated in a conventional mode, so that a large amount of manpower is needed to perform algae removal operation on each coral stone and larva by using small brushes (otherwise, the giant clam larva is killed in a large scale). In addition, the average increase of the inner shell length of the tridacna juvenile shells of 3 experimental ponds in 5 months reaches 45.5 +/-6.8 mm, and the survival rate reaches 86.5%; the average shell length of 2 conventional culture ponds used as a reference is increased to 35.3 +/-4.1 mm, and the survival rate is 32.5 percent. Because the key technology of intermediate cultivation has obvious algae control effect, the success rate of intermediate cultivation is greatly increased.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The comprehensive prevention and control method for filamentous algae of key technology for intermediate culture of tridacna juvenile mollusks is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) during the culture of tridacna juvenile mollusk, blue-purple light-transmitting corrugated tile is adopted for shading culture, and the illumination intensity range is 6000 Lux-15000
Lux；
2) Maintaining the salinity and temperature of seawater for culturing tridacna juvenile shell in normal seawater, maintaining the KH of seawater body in the range of 8-10 and the pH in the range of 8.0-8.5;
3) adding denitrifying bacteria and bacillus into the seawater periodically every week during the culture period;
4) when brown or green algae spots are found in the culture pond and the culture pond tends to expand day by day, the dried Chinese lobelia is added into the culture pond, and if dead organisms are found, proper treatment is timely picked out.
2. The comprehensive prevention and control method of filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step 1), the wavelength of a transmitted light source is controlled while appropriate light intensity is controlled, and a blue-violet semi-transparent corrugated tile is adopted.
3. The comprehensive prevention and control method of filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2), the method for maintaining KH parameters of seawater body is adjusted by sodium bicarbonate or calcium hydroxide.
4. The comprehensive prevention and control method for filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3), denitrifying bacteria and bacillus are periodically added into seawater every week during culture, specifically: adding denitrifying bacteria at a dosage of 0.5-0.8ppm periodically for 1 time every week, wherein the adding time is in the morning of sunny days, and 0.5ppm of bacillus is supplemented after 72 hours; the use method of denitrifying bacteria and bacillus adopts 300-mesh water rubbing and filtration.
5. The comprehensive prevention and control method of filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4), the addition amount of the dried Chinese lobelia is 10g/m3The use mode of the dried Chinese lobelia is that the dried Chinese lobelia is soaked in boiled water and then stands to the normal temperature for splashing to the pool.
6. The comprehensive prevention and control method of filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile fish intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that in step 3), when denitrifying bacteria and bacillus are added, the water body must be kept high in oxygen content, and the dissolved oxygen DO of the water body is not less than 6.0 mg/mL.
7. The comprehensive prevention and control method for filamentous algae of tridacna juvenile intermediate culture key technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that the salinity of normal seawater in step 2) is 30-33 ppt and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
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