CN111248022A - Disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke - Google Patents
Disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises physical control, chemical control and biological control; the physical control comprises the steps of setting an inlet disinfection belt in the orchard to disinfect workers and instruments entering the orchard, ploughing and loosening soil in early spring, carrying out natural open heart-shaped reshaping and transformation on fruit trees, and wiping off summer tips and late autumn tips of the fruit trees; chemical prevention and control comprises alternately rotating and compounding pesticide in disease stage or pest stage, and cleaning garden in spring and winter; the biological control comprises the steps of trapping and killing pests, growing grass and cultivating among and around fruit tree rows, and placing predatory mite bags on the fruit trees. The invention aims at various diseases and insect pests of new line of blood oranges in taluoke, cleans the garden in spring and winter, and sprays corresponding environment-friendly chemical pesticide and medicament compounded by vegetable oil in key period, thereby greatly reducing the disease and insect base number and the disease incidence rate, enhancing the disease and insect pest control effect, and improving the yield and quality of new line of blood oranges in taluoke.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke.
Background
In the last century, a world citrus research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences introduces a lot of main cultivated fine varieties of citrus from abroad, such as blood oranges of Taruoke, unknown fire, red flesh navel oranges and the like, and a new high-quality variety of blood oranges of Taruoke is obtained by selecting new nucellar seedlings of blood oranges of Taruoke, wherein the variety has the characteristics of large fruit, high quality, late maturity, high yield, wide adaptability, easy cultivation, strong disease resistance and the like, and is particularly suitable for the ecological environment of three gorges reservoir areas, the peel and pulp of the new planted blood oranges of Taruoke have rose color and rose fragrance, and are ripe in western valens about 2 months and 14 days, so the variety is called Wanzhou 'rose orange', and is one of main pushed varieties for the development of the late-ripe citrus of Chongqing.
The new line of blood oranges in taluoke has been rapidly developed for 12 more than ten thousand mu since the trial planting in ten thousand states in 2005 to the present, and with the fact that about 40% of orchards continuously enter the full-production period, the new line of blood oranges in taluoke has more types of plant diseases and insect pests and serious harm, great control difficulty and high control cost compared with other citrus varieties due to the reasons of large-scale slicing planting, long fruit bearing time (fruit bearing and overwintering), vigorous growth, relatively closed tree body, early closing, drooping branches at the middle and lower parts and the like, the new line of blood oranges in taluoke is mainly shown in the following steps:
firstly, in order to ensure the fruit quality and reduce the pesticide residue risk, part of orchards adopt lime sulfur mixture to clean the orchards in winter, which often causes fruit surface damage to generate scars, dark color and damaged fruit commodity value, and causes fruit trees to hang over the winter, the orchard can not be cleaned in winter according to the conventional mode, and the base number of diseases and insect pests of the orchard can not be greatly reduced in the dormancy season;
secondly, some new-line bases of the blood oranges in the family of taluoke in the late ten (4) months often do not have completely picked fruits, and do not perform good winter garden cleaning and spring control, so that red and yellow spiders in spring are easy to seriously occur, the spring control operation effect is poor, and the excessive pesticide residue on the fruits can be caused;
thirdly, some minor pests develop into seriously threatened pests, and a safe and effective control agent aiming at the specific pests is lacked;
fourthly, the diseases and pests of individual plants are serious, and mainly comprise snails, citrus fruit flies, red-yellow spiders, anthracnose, phytophthora brown rot and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke, and solves the problems of long fruit bearing time, multiple types of diseases and pests, serious harm, high control difficulty and high control cost of new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is: a method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Taruoke comprises physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and biological prevention and treatment;
the physical control comprises the steps of setting an inlet disinfection belt in an orchard to disinfect workers and instruments entering the orchard, ploughing and loosening soil in early spring, carrying out natural open heart-shaped reshaping and transformation on fruit trees, wiping off summer tips and late autumn tips of the fruit trees, and whitening trunks in autumn; balanced fertilization, less nitrogenous fertilizer application, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and supplement of boron and zinc trace fertilizer to increase the resistance of the tree body;
the chemical prevention and control comprises that alternative rotation and compound application are carried out in the disease period or insect period of different plant diseases and insect pests, and the garden is cleaned in spring and winter;
the biological control comprises the steps of trapping and killing pests, cultivating and growing grass among and around the rows of the fruit trees, and placing predatory mite bags on the fruit trees.
The basic scheme has the advantages that：
(1) The inlet disinfection belt is arranged in the orchard to disinfect personnel and instruments entering the orchard, so that the manual transmission of germs is prevented; ploughing and loosening the soil in early spring to destroy living environment of overwintering pupae with insect pests such as Bactrocera minax and the like, and reduce the basic number of unearthed pests, thereby reducing the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of new-line fruit trees of the blood oranges in the family of Taruoke.
(2) The natural open-heart-shaped shaping transformation is carried out on the fruit trees, the closed condition of the orchard is improved, the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the air humidity of the orchard is reduced, the ventilation condition at the bottom of the trunk is changed, and the occurrence of diseases is effectively controlled; the fruiter has the advantages that summer shoots and late autumn shoots are wiped off, sporadic growth of the summer shoots is reduced, neat autumn shoots are intensively promoted, trimming pressure in the next year can be relieved, and the risk of canker infection can be reduced. In autumn, the trunk is white, and can be used for sterilization and insect prevention; balanced fertilization in four seasons, less nitrogenous fertilizer application, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, supplement of boron and zinc trace fertilizer to enhance tree vigor and increase resistance;
(3) according to the invention, targeted alternate rotation and compound application are carried out on different plant diseases and insect pests in the disease period or insect period, and the garden is cleared in spring and winter, so that the control effect of the pesticide is improved, the generation of drug resistance of the plant diseases and insect pests is avoided, and the disease and insect base number of the whole year can be remarkably reduced.
(4) The invention traps and kills pests, plants are cultivated between rows and around the fruit trees, and the fruit trees are provided with predatory mite bags, so that the pest control is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and the diversity of ecological environment is also ensured.
(5) On the premise of exploring the main pest species, the harm characteristics and the growth and elimination rule of the Wanzhou rose orange, the method specifically provides the following steps: the method is characterized by taking key pests as a main line for intercepting key diseases and pests and treating other diseases and pests, implementing four core technologies of clearing gardens in two seasons of winter and spring, carrying out year-round through ecological regulation and control (including physical measures, physical and chemical induction and control, biological control) and scientifically applying chemical control and the like. And the four core technologies are organically coordinated, innovatively integrated, demonstrated and applied, so that the disease and insect control target with high efficiency, low cost and environmental friendliness is realized. Particularly, the method creatively implements 'clearing garden in two seasons of winter and spring', and effectively solves the technical problem that the late-maturing oranges at home and abroad can not be cleared in the conventional way in winter.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialAnd the spring and winter two-season garden cleaning comprises the following steps:
the pesticide is used for cleaning the garden in spring,
if the pest and disease damage to be controlled is red and yellow spiders, 1 month before picking the fruit, spraying 1 time with a medicament prepared by compounding 80% ethylicin 1000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben 2500-fold liquid and 97% pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio, and after picking the fruit, spraying 1 time with a medicament prepared by compounding 80% mancozeb 600-fold liquid, mu Wang Te 5000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben 2500-fold liquid, 5% acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio,
if the pest and disease damage to be prevented is canker, spraying a medicament which is prepared by compounding 20% thiazole zinc 1000-fold liquid, mu Wang Te 5000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben etoxazole 2500-fold liquid, 5% acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and Paimiri vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio to new tender leaves for 1 time in a new hair-drawing period of 2-5 months;
the garden is cleaned in winter,
if the plant diseases and insect pests are scale insects, whiteflies and bituminous coal, the pesticide prepared by compounding 97 percent of mineral oil 200 times liquid and 70 percent of methyl-tropine suspending agent 600 times liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time in 11-1 month,
if the pest and disease damage to be prevented is red and yellow spider, in 11-1 month, the pesticide compounded by 97% of mineral oil 150-fold liquid, 24% of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 25% of pyraclostrobin 1500-fold liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time, and anthracnose and phytophthora brown rot can be prevented.
If the disease and insect pest to be controlled is canker, the pesticide which is compounded by 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid with the volume of 200 times, 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 30 percent of copper oxychloride 500-fold liquid with the volume of 600 times is sprayed for 1 time in 11 to 1 month.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe disease is ulcer, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying the young trees for 1 time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after young shoots are sprouted, and spraying the fruiting trees for one time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after flowers withering and young shoots are sprouted; 30 percent of zinc thiazole suspending agent 500-800 times liquid, 80 percent of ethylicin or 45 percent of kasuga is used in spring, 1000-1500 times liquid of quinoline copper suspending agent and pesticide are compounded and sprayed in the volume ratio, and the anthracnose is also treated; in the period of taking out and taking out in summer and autumn, 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 400-;
further, the insect pest is citrus fruit fly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is citrus fruit fly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: timely picking off maggot fruits; spraying 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution of 800-; the 1000-time liquid or 1500-time liquid of the efficient cyhalothrin microcapsule suspending agent is sprayed for 2 to 3 times, and corollary or peripheral weeds are sprayed for 5 to 6 times by matching sugar-vinegar liquid for trapping and killing once every 7 days.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe insect pest is citrus scale insect, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in 5 months, 7 months and 9 months of the vigorous season of the coccid, 97 percent of mineral oil missible oil 100-fold liquid, 95 percent of engine oil emulsion 100-fold liquid, 5 percent of buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold liquid and Mewakate-Miao-Teh are respectively used4000-4500-time liquid, 22.4 percent of spirotetramat suspending agent 3500-4500-time liquid, Acuta 4000-time liquid or 25 percent of quinalphos missible oil 800-1200-time liquid and the like are sprayed for 2 to 3 times.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe insect pest is whitefly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the eclosion peak period of adults and 4-8 months of the egg incubation full period, the agent is sprayed for 2-3 times by using 1500 times of 25 percent buprofezin suspending agent, 1200 times of 40 percent phoxim missible oil or 2000 times of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe insect pest is leaf miner, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: when the buds grow to 3cm in summer and autumn or when 50% of buds are extracted, using agents such as 20% 2500 times of perennial missible oil, 10% 1500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times of liquid, 5% 1000 times of acetamiprid missible oil 2000 times of liquid or 20% 4000 times of fenpropathrin missible oil 6000 times of liquid, continuously spraying for 2-3 times in the evening, and spraying once every 6-7 days until the buds are lignified for preventing and controlling adults; when the young fruit tree is hatched in the peak period after the young fruit tree is put on the tip, the young fruit tree is sprayed in the middle of a fine day to prevent and treat the young fruit tree.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe insect pest is homobarbus snail, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: cutting off the drooping branches or trunks adhered to the ground and tying the drooping branches or trunks into a skirt shape by using a plastic film; in the middle and late ten days of 4 months to 5 months, 1kg of 6 percent dense particles per mu or 665g of 6 percent metaldehyde per mu is used for mixing with 10 to 15kg of dry fine soil, and the mixture is uniformly scattered in the field or around the trees; if the snail is on the tree, the crown of the tree is sprayed with 40% metaldehyde vortex for 2-3 times.
Further, the disease is anthracnose, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the months of 4-7 and 9-11, the preparation prepared by the 25 percent pyraclostrobin 1500 times and the pimecro vegetable oil 1200 times of the same volume ratio is sprayed for 2-3 times.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe disease is phytophthora brown rot, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying the copper preparation once every 7-10 days in the last 7-10 months, or spraying the azoxystrobin and the pyraclostrobin once every 15 days, and spraying metalaxyl manganese zinc and aluminum triethyl phosphate if the azoxystrobin and the pyraclostrobin are serious. In orchards with serious diseases in the past year, grass is paved on the ground, or branches close to the ground are supported by bamboo poles to be more than 60cm away from the ground.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a disease and insect pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke, so as to improve the disease and insect pest control effect on the new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke and reduce the control cost.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description will explain the present invention further:
in a specific embodiment, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating the diseases and insect pests of new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and biological prevention and control;
the physical control comprises the steps of setting an inlet disinfection belt in an orchard to disinfect workers and instruments entering the orchard, ploughing and loosening soil in early spring, carrying out natural open heart-shaped reshaping and transformation on fruit trees, wiping off summer tips and late autumn tips of the fruit trees, and whitening trunks in autumn;
chemical prevention and control comprises alternately rotating and compounding pesticide in disease stage or pest stage, and cleaning garden in spring and winter;
the biological control comprises the steps of trapping and killing pests, growing grass and cultivating among and around fruit tree rows, and placing predatory mite bags on the fruit trees.
Specifically, an inlet disinfection belt is arranged in the orchard, and clothes, shoes, caps, agricultural vehicles and pruning tools worn by personnel entering the orchard every time are disinfected by 75% alcohol, so that the manual transmission of germs is prevented; the tree body is pruned by 'one pruning one plant', and the disinfection of the pruning tool is strictly realized once every pruning one plant.
Specifically, the soil is ploughed and loosened in early spring, and after a new blood orange line of the family talocodae is harvested in spring, the surface layer of the soil is ploughed and loosened to a depth of 8-15cm so as to destroy the living environment of overwintering pupae with insect pests such as fruit flies and the like and reduce the soil emergence base number of diseases and insects. 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 1000 times or 50 percent of phoxim emulsifiable solution 800-1000 times is used for ground spraying in spring of a serious orchard for the large fruit flies, so that pests such as the overwintering large fruit flies are killed and the emergence of the pests is prevented.
Specifically, natural open heart-shaped reshaping and transformation are carried out on fruit trees, and a new Taurology blood orange line can generate a large number of branches or branch groups which grow vigorously and stand upwards at the middle upper part of a crown due to strong growth vigor and top end advantages of the new Taurology blood orange line, so that the closing of the tree body and the baldness at the lower part are accelerated, a natural open heart-shaped reshaping and four-season pruning method is innovatively provided, an orchard does not need to carry out tree body reshaping and adjustment after the tree body is hollowed and closed, the vertical open shoots at the upper part of the crown are properly removed in pruning for adjusting the tree body structure, the robust branch groups in the inner bore of the crown are reserved as far as possible, a good ventilation and light transmission condition is created for each area of the crown layer of the fruit tree, the nutritional metabolism function of the tree body is obviously improved, the flowering and fruiting capacity and the fruit quality level of the tree body are ensured, wherein the new 1-line 1-4-year-old Taurology blood orange tree is mainly cut by light scissors, and the short-cut-branch-cutting, other branches are as smooth as possible and natural, the opening angle is increased by taking measures such as pinching and branch pulling, the branching grade is increased, and the flowering and high yield are promoted.
The method and the technique of the natural heart-opening shaping reconstruction and four-season pruning method are as follows:
firstly, three major taboos are pruned: exposing bones (exposing bone dry branches), uncovering empty cavities (not cutting small branches in the inner cavity), and excessively removing leaves (the amount of leaves removed during each cutting can not exceed 1/5);
secondly, branches and leaves are required to be distributed with four rare branches and four dense branches and leaves: the upper part is sparse and the lower part is dense, the outside is sparse and the inner space is dense, the west is sparse and the east is dense, and the big branches are sparse and the small branches are dense;
thirdly, the tree shape is adjusted and optimized during trimming: in spring, skylight opening is carried out for one or two years, three main branches of a framework are formed, hanging branches are arranged below to brighten trunks, leaf flowers are adjusted in the middle in a layered mode, bud picking in summer is critical, oblique trimming is carried out and straight retaining is not carried out, flower buds are promoted by girdling in autumn, density is high, light is transmitted, quality is improved, late autumn tips are cut in winter, and fruit-retaining, film covering and freezing prevention are busy.
The tree pruning machine is superior to a traditional winter and summer pruning mode, a natural open-heart tree shape is shaped through heavy shearing in spring, summer, autumn and winter pruning is matched, the illuminance of a tree body is improved, the closing condition of an orchard is improved, the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the air humidity of the orchard is reduced, the ventilation condition of the bottom of a trunk is changed, and plant diseases and insect pests such as anthracnose, phytophthora brown rot, snail, foot rot and the like can be effectively controlled.
Specifically, summer tips and late autumn tips of the fruiting tree are removed, the summer tips and the late autumn tips of the new line of the blood oranges in the family of the Taruoke are susceptible to canker, the summer tips and the late autumn tips are removed, sporadic growth of the summer tips is reduced, the autumn tips are intensively promoted to be tidy, the trimming pressure in the next year can be relieved, the canker infection risk is reduced, and the effect of inhibiting anthracnose, leaf miner and aphid is remarkable.
Specifically, aiming at different pests and diseases, alternative rotation and compound application are carried out in the disease stage or pest stage.
The disease is ulcer disease, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
strict plant quarantine, namely strictly prohibiting the transfer of citrus seedlings (containing scions, stocks and seeds) and fruits from an affected area;
the method is used for eradicating the epidemic disease trees, and eradicating the whole process is achieved: 7-10 days before cutting and burning, picking up and cleaning branches and leaves before burning, digging out root systems of small trees by a manual or an excavator, carrying out root rot treatment on root systems of large trees by using a glyphosate herbicide, spraying the glyphosate on citrus trees and weeds of mixed trees in an epidemic area, carrying out cutting operation after the leaves lose activity, burning the leaves together with root systems of diseased trees, gradually cutting operation and treating the root systems from outside to inside during cutting and burning operation, spreading quicklime after cutting and burning for carrying out soil disinfection treatment, and disinfecting farm implements and shoes and hats of clothes worn by cutting and burning personnel by using 75% alcohol germs after the cutting and burning operation is finished, so as to prevent artificial propagation;
spraying the young trees for 1 time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after young shoots are sprouted, spraying the fruiting tree for 1 time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after flowers withering and each young shoot is sprouted, spraying 30% thiazole zinc suspending agent 500-.
The insect pest is citrus fruit fly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
timely removing maggot fruits, removing harmful moth fruits on trees in 10-11 months, picking up clean ground fruits, and burying and boiling quicklime or putting moth fruits into a feed inlet of a methane tank to eliminate insect sources;
spraying 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution 800 plus on the ground in the full-blown period of the imago, namely the late 4-5 months, to kill the imago to be unearthed, spraying 2-3 times of 1000 times of high-efficiency cyhalothrin microcapsule suspending agent or 1500 times of alitka solution to slowly release the drug property, prolong the drug effect, improve the control effect, and spraying the corolla with sugar and vinegar solution or surrounding weeds to trap and kill the imago 5-6 times once every 7 days.
Wherein, the formula of the sugar-vinegar liquid is as follows: 6 percent of brown sugar, 2 percent of vinegar, 1 percent of white spirit, 1000 times of solution of cyhalothrin microcapsule suspending agent and 2000 times of solution of 5 percent of abamectin are compounded in equal volume ratio.
The specific trapping and killing method of the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises the following steps: in the last ten days of 5-7 months, 1/3 crowns and weeds in 1m around an orchard are subjected to spray trapping, trapping bottles are hung at the positions 1-1.5m high between rows of the orchard, 10 bottles are hung every 1.5 mu, 200g of poison bait is contained in each bottle, the trapping effect is checked for 1 time every 3 days, insect corpses are removed in time, the trapping bottles seriously polluted by the insect corpses are replaced in time, and the trapping effect is ensured.
The insect pest is citrus scale insect, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in 5 months, 7 months and 9 months of the vigorous season of the coccid, medicaments such as 97 percent mineral oil missible oil 100-fold liquid, 95 percent engine oil emulsion 100-fold liquid, 5 percent buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold liquid, mu Wangte 4000-fold 4500-fold liquid, 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent 3500-fold 4500-fold liquid, Akita 4000-fold liquid or 25 percent quinalphos missible oil 800-fold 1200-fold liquid are sprayed for 2 to 3 times respectively. The method uses mineral oil emulsifiable concentrate and vegetable oil to mix with other insecticides, thereby prolonging and improving the control effect.
The insect pest is whitefly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the eclosion peak period of adults and 4-8 months of the egg incubation full period, agents such as 25% buprofezin suspending agent 1000-fold liquid, 40% phoxim missible oil 1000-fold liquid, 1200-fold liquid or 5% acetamiprid missible oil 1000-fold liquid, 2000-fold liquid are sprayed for 2-3 times, so that the whitefly base number is reduced.
The insect pest is leaf miner, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying agents such as 2500-fold liquid of 20 percent of perennial winter missible oil, 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000-fold 2000-fold liquid of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil or 4000-fold 6000-fold liquid of 20 percent fenpropathrin missible oil.
Because the damage rate of the summer shoots and the autumn shoots is high, if the control is not good, the damage rate of the summer shoots can reach 70% -80%, the damage rate of the autumn shoots can reach 50% -60%, damaged leaves are curled, wounds caused by damage on the leaves are often induced to spread ulcer diseases, meanwhile, the damaged curled leaves are often used as overwintering and gathering places of pests such as red spiders and the like, and the control difficulty in winter is increased. The tips can be wiped and controlled to prevent leaf miner, and when the buds grow to 3cm in summer and autumn or 50% of buds are extracted, the pesticide is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times in the evening, and one round of spraying is carried out every 6-7 days until the buds are lignified for preventing adults; when the young fruit trees are hatched in the peak period after the young fruit trees are placed, the young fruit trees are sprayed in the middle of the fine day, and the prevention effect of the young fruit trees can be effectively improved.
The insect pest is homobarlotia, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: cutting off the branches or trunks which are attached to the ground and drooping, and tying the branches or trunks into a skirt shape by using a plastic film, and cutting off an upward climbing passage of the branches or trunks; in the middle and late ten days of 4 months to 5 months, 1kg of 6 percent dense particles per mu or 665g of 6 percent metaldehyde and 10 to 15kg of dry fine soil per mu are uniformly scattered in the field or around the trees; if the snail is on the tree, the crown of the tree is sprayed with 40% metaldehyde vortex for 2-3 times.
The disease is anthracnose, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the months of 4-7 and 9-11, the preparation prepared by the 25 percent pyraclostrobin 1500 times and the pimecro vegetable oil 1200 times of the same volume ratio is sprayed for 2-3 times.
The disease is phytophthora brown rot, which is easy to occur in high-temperature rainy seasons (7-10 months) and mature periods in high-temperature rainy days due to high yield or excessively low sag, heavy soil viscosity and poor permeability of new-line fruits of blood oranges in taluoke, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying the copper preparation once every 7-10 days in the last 7-10 months, or spraying the azoxystrobin and the pyraclostrobin once every 15 days, and adding metalaxyl manganese zinc and aluminum triphosphate when the copper preparation is serious. In orchards with serious diseases in the past year, grass is paved on the ground, or branches close to the ground are supported by bamboo poles to be more than 60cm away from the ground.
Specifically, the garden is cleared in spring and winter. Disease and pest control in winter is a key period for controlling diseases and pests such as scale insects and whiteflies all the year round, winter garden cleaning is an important measure for controlling new-series diseases and pests of blood oranges in taluoke, and particularly red and yellow spiders in autumn and winter are not well controlled, so that the red and yellow spiders are easy to cause a positive fruit picking season in spring and face an embarrassing situation that the red and yellow spiders are high in growth but cannot be applied. For a new system of late-maturing citrus blood oranges in the family of taluoaceae, when various plant diseases and insect pests enter an overwintering state in 2 months from 11 months to the next year, fruits on trees are not harvested, the garden cannot be cleaned with a conventional medicament in consideration of safety, the initial plant diseases and insect pests occur in 3-4 months in spring, the new system of blood oranges in the family of taluoaceae is still not completely harvested, and if pesticide spraying and control cannot be timely carried out according to the plant disease and insect pest control requirement at the moment, a great amount of plant diseases and insect pests are inevitably generated as a result. Based on the reasons, the invention provides a winter and spring two-season garden cleaning method, selects a medicament which does not affect the smoothness of fruit surfaces, is safe and has no residue, and develops a winter and spring two-season garden cleaning technical research experiment in the Yongsheng village of Ganning towns in the Wanzhou region.
Test one: in 12 months and 10 days in 2017, the garden is cleared in winter by using a medicament prepared by compounding 150 times of extract crown liquid and 70% of jinjiatuo 600 times of liquid, and in 2 months and 26 days in 2018, the garden is cleared in spring by using a medicament prepared by compounding 80% of ethylicin 1000 times of liquid, 40% of pyridaben etoxazole 2500 times of liquid and 150 times of extract crown liquid.
Comparison: in 12 and 10 months in 2017, the pesticide is prepared by compounding 29% lime sulphur (aqua) 100 times liquid in winter, and in 26 months in 2018, in 2 and 26 months, the pesticide is prepared by compounding 24% spirodiclofen 4000 time liquid, 5% abamectin 2000 time liquid and 70% methyl-tole 500 time liquid in spring.
And (2) test II: in 12 months and 10 days in 2017, a medicament prepared by compounding 150 times of extract crown liquid, 24% of 4000 times of spirodiclofen liquid and 25% of 1500 times of pyraclostrobin liquid is used for clearing the garden in winter, and in 4 months and 29 days in 2018, a medicament prepared by compounding 80% of mancozeb 600 times of liquid, mu Wangchen 5000 times of liquid, 40% of pyridaben, 5% of acetamiprid and 1000 times of vegetable oil pamiry is used for clearing the garden in spring.
Comparison: in 12 and 10 months in 2017, cleaning the garden in winter by using 29 percent of lime sulfur (aqueous agent) 100 times liquid, in 4 and 29 months in 2018, and cleaning the garden in spring by using a medicament prepared by compounding 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000 times liquid, 5 percent of abamectin 2000 times liquid, 70 percent of methyl-tropin 500 times liquid and 48 percent of chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid.
And (3) test III: in 12-month and 10-month days in 2017, 150-fold liquid of the extract crown, 4000-fold liquid of 24% spirodiclofen and 600-fold liquid of 30% copper oxychloride are compounded to prepare the pesticide for clearing the garden in winter, and in 29-month days in 2018, 1000-fold liquid of 20% thiazole zinc, 5000-fold liquid of methomyl, 40% etoxazole 2500-fold liquid of 5% acetamiprid and 1200-fold liquid of Peimir vegetable oil are compounded to prepare the pesticide for clearing the garden in spring.
Comparison: in 12 and 10 months in 2017, a pesticide prepared by compounding 29% lime sulphur (aqua) 100 times liquid is used for clearing the garden in winter, and in 4 and 29 months in 2018, the pesticide prepared by compounding 24% spirodiclofen 4000 time liquid, 5% abamectin 2000 time liquid, 70% methoprene 500 time liquid, 48% chlorpyrifos 1000 time liquid and tetramycin 1000 time liquid is used for clearing the garden in spring.
And disease and pest base surveys were conducted on 20 days in 2018, 3 months and 7 days in 2018, 6 months and 7 days, respectively, as shown in table 1.
Table 12018 years test population base number survey statistical table unit of new line "two seasons clearing garden in winter and spring" of blood orange of taluo family: head/leaf,%
The results show that the number of the pests in the whole year can be remarkably reduced by adopting the two-season cleaning garden in winter and spring (namely 11-12 months in winter and after fruit harvest), and the control effect is good. And summarizing the medicament formula for clearing the garden in winter and spring according to the specific orchard disease and pest dominant species and the experimental effects.
The pesticide is used for cleaning the garden in spring,
aiming at orchards with higher population base numbers of red and yellow spiders and the like, 1 month before picking the fruits, the agent compounded by 80 percent ethylicin 1000-fold liquid, 40 percent pyridaben 2500-fold liquid and 97 percent pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid with equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time, after picking the fruits, the agent compounded by 80 percent mancozeb 600-fold liquid, mu Wang Te 5000-fold liquid, 40 percent pyridaben 2500-fold liquid, 5 percent acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid with equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time,
aiming at an orchard with potential risk of canker, in a new-tip hair-drawing period of 2-5 months, spraying new-tip young leaves 1 time by using a medicament compounded by 20% of thiazole zinc 1000-fold liquid, mu WangTe 5000-fold liquid, 40% of pyridaben etoxazole 2500-fold liquid, 5% of acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and Paimiri vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio;
the garden is cleaned in winter,
aiming at the orchard with the pests of scale insects, whiteflies and bituminous coal for 11-1 month, a medicament prepared by compounding 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid and 70 percent of methyl-tropine suspending agent 600-fold liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time,
aiming at an orchard with red and yellow spider pests for prevention and control, in 11-1 month, a medicament prepared by compounding 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid, 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 25 percent of pyraclostrobin 1500-fold liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time, and anthracnose and phytophthora brown rot can be prevented,
aiming at the orchard with the disease and insect damage of canker prevention, the pesticide which is compounded by 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid with the volume ratio of 200 fold, 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 30 percent of copper oxychloride 500-fold liquid with the volume ratio of 600 fold is sprayed for 1 time in 11 to 1 month.
Specifically, pests are trapped and killed, and the damage of maggots and oranges is reduced by food trapping and killing (bait and attractant trapping and killing) aiming at fruit flies; aiming at pests such as leaf miner, fruit piercing moth and the like, a solar insecticidal lamp, an illumination electric frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, a black light lamp and the like are adopted for light trapping and killing. The installation time can be 3-4km every2Installing a pendant lamp 3-3.5m or 0.5m higher than the crown, and turning on the lamp from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle and night of the last ten days of 10 months; aiming at color-trending pests such as whiteflies, aphids, fruit flies and the like, yellow or blue sticky boards are hung for trapping and killing, about 20 color boards are hung per mu, and the blue boards have the best trapping and killing effect on thrips. In addition, pest control of upper and lower tree habits such as red spider, snail, black locust and the like is achieved by sticking a pest sticking tape near the base of the trunk to trap and kill the pest.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating raw grass among rows of fruit trees and on the periphery of the fruit trees, and planting different kinds of plants such as clovers, ageratum thistles, paspalum natatum, alfalfa and the like in the rows and on the periphery of an orchard garden to ensure the diversity of ecological species; or reserving natural weeds, and mowing when the weeds grow to be 30-35cm high for tree disk covering.
The fruit trees are provided with predatory mite bags, the pesticide-resistant small newly-amblyseius barkeri is mainly adopted to control red yellow spiders and rust ticks, the fruit trees are thrown in evening or cloudy day from late 4 months to late 8 months every year, the pesticide-resistant small newly-amblyseius barkeri is firstly subjected to one-time pesticide administration control in an orchard about 20 days before the throwing, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, 11% etoxazole missible oil 5000 times liquid or 24% spirodiclofen 2000 times liquid is sprayed to reduce mites and control a plurality of pest types, 1 bag of predatory mites are placed on each citrus tree, a gap 2cm long above the bag is fixed in a shady place, preferably the 1 st withered fork below a crown, the gap and the bottom of the bag completely touch a trunk, and two bags can be placed on a luxuriant citrus tree.
In the formula of the pesticide for preventing and treating various plant diseases and insect pests, the invention provides the environment-friendly chemical pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and long lasting period to be used in combination with the vegetable oil, thereby solving the problem that partial pest control is difficult after the high-efficiency high-toxicity pesticide is forbidden to be used; aiming at different plant diseases and insect pests, the highly targeted pesticide is accurately applied, the principle of alternate rotation and compound pesticide application is followed in the sensitive periods such as the young (nymph) insect period and the like, the low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is selected in the germination period, the seedling period, the leaf expanding period, the flowering period, the young fruit period and the early harvesting period of the new line of the Citrus reticulata in the family Taruoke, and the pesticide is sprayed by using a smoke agent and an electrostatic sprayer, so that the pesticide loss is reduced, and the control effect is improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described too much, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it can make several variations and modifications without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in Tarocco is characterized by comprising physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and biological prevention and treatment;
the physical control comprises the steps of setting an inlet disinfection belt in an orchard to disinfect workers and instruments entering the orchard, ploughing and loosening soil in early spring, carrying out natural open heart-shaped reshaping and transformation on fruit trees, wiping off summer tips and late autumn tips of the fruit trees, and whitening trunks in autumn;
the chemical prevention and control comprises that alternative rotation and compound application are carried out in the disease period or insect period of different plant diseases and insect pests, and the garden is cleaned in spring and winter;
the biological control comprises the steps of trapping and killing pests, growing grass and cultivating among and around fruit tree rows, and placing predatory mite bags on the fruit trees.
2. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata in Tarocco of claim 1, wherein the cleaning of the garden in spring and winter in two seasons comprises:
the pesticide is used for cleaning the garden in spring,
if the pest and disease damage to be controlled is red and yellow spiders, 1 month before picking the fruit, spraying 1 time with a medicament prepared by compounding 80% ethylicin 1000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben 2500-fold liquid and 97% pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio, and after picking the fruit, spraying 1 time with a medicament prepared by compounding 80% mancozeb 600-fold liquid, mu Wang Te 5000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben 2500-fold liquid, 5% acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and pamiry vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio,
if the pest and disease damage to be prevented is canker, spraying a medicament which is prepared by compounding 20% thiazole zinc 1000-fold liquid, mu Wang Te 5000-fold liquid, 40% pyridaben etoxazole 2500-fold liquid, 5% acetamiprid 1000-fold liquid and Paimiri vegetable oil 1200-fold liquid in equal volume ratio to new tender leaves for 1 time in a new hair-drawing period of 2-5 months;
the garden is cleaned in winter,
if the plant diseases and insect pests are scale insects, whiteflies and bituminous coal, the pesticide prepared by compounding 97 percent of mineral oil 200 times liquid and 70 percent of methyl-tropine suspending agent 600 times liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time in 11-1 month,
if the pest and disease damage to be prevented is red and yellow spider, and the disease and disease damage is 11-1 month, a medicament which is compounded by 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid, 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 25 percent of pyraclostrobin 1500-fold liquid in equal volume ratio is sprayed for 1 time, and anthracnose and phytophthora brown rot can be prevented;
if the disease and insect pest to be controlled is canker, the pesticide which is compounded by 97 percent of mineral oil 150-fold liquid with the volume of 200 times, 24 percent of spirodiclofen 4000-fold liquid and 30 percent of copper oxychloride 500-fold liquid with the volume of 600 times is sprayed for 1 time in 11 to 1 month.
3. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the disease is ulcer, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying the young trees for 1 time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after young shoots are sprouted, and spraying the fruiting trees for one time respectively 10-15 days and 20-30 days after flowers withering and young shoots are sprouted; 30 percent of zinc thiazole suspending agent 500-800 times liquid, 80 percent of ethylicin or 45 percent of kasuga is used in spring, 1000-1500 times liquid of quinoline copper suspending agent and pesticide are compounded and sprayed in the volume ratio, and the anthracnose is also treated; in the period of taking out and taking out in summer and autumn, 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 400-; if the fruit tree is diagnosed with canker, the infected tree is eradicated and destroyed.
4. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is citrus fruit fly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: timely picking off maggot fruits; spraying 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution of 800-; selecting 1000 times of high-efficiency cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension or 1500 times of alitka suspension for 2-3 times, and spraying crown or peripheral weeds with matched sugar-vinegar liquid to trap and kill adult insects for 5-6 times, wherein the spraying is performed once every 7 days.
5. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is citrus scale insect, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in 5 months, 7 months and 9 months of the vigorous season of the coccid, 97 percent of mineral oil missible oil 100-fold liquid, 95 percent of engine oil emulsion 100-fold liquid, 5 percent of buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold liquid, mu Wangte 4000-fold liquid, 22.4 percent of spirotetramat suspending agent 3500-fold 4500-fold liquid, Akitai 4000-fold liquid or 25 percent of quinalphos missible oil 800-fold liquid are respectively sprayed for 2 to 3 times.
6. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is whitefly, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the eclosion peak period of adults and 4-8 months of the egg incubation full period, 25% of buprofezin suspending agent 1000-fold liquid, 40% of phoxim missible oil 1000-fold liquid or 5% of acetamiprid missible oil 1000-fold liquid and 2000-fold liquid are sprayed for 2-3 times.
7. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is leaf miner, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: when the buds grow to 3cm in summer and autumn or when 50% of new buds are extracted, continuously spraying for 2-3 times in the evening by using 2500 times of 20% perennial missible oil, 1500-2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000-2000 times of 5% acetamiprid missible oil or 4000-6000 times of 20% fenpropathrin missible oil for 6-7 days until the new buds are lignified for preventing and controlling adults; when the young fruit tree is hatched in the peak period after the young fruit tree is put on the tip, the young fruit tree is sprayed in the middle of a fine day to prevent and treat the young fruit tree.
8. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect pest is homobarbus snail, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: cutting off the drooping branches or trunks adhered to the ground and tying the drooping branches or trunks into a skirt shape by using a plastic film; in the middle and late ten days of 4 months to 5 months, 1kg of 6 percent dense particles per mu or 665g of 6 percent metaldehyde and 10 to 15kg of dry fine soil per mu are uniformly scattered in the field or around the trees; if the snail is on the tree, the crown of the tree is sprayed with 40% metaldehyde vortex for 2-3 times.
9. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the disease is anthracnose, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in the months of 4-7 and 9-11, the preparation prepared by the 25 percent pyraclostrobin 1500 times and the pimecro vegetable oil 1200 times of the same volume ratio is sprayed for 2-3 times.
10. The method for controlling diseases and pests of new-line fruit trees of Citrus reticulata of Tarocco according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the disease is phytophthora brown rot, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: spraying the copper preparation once every 7-10 days in the last 7-10 months, or spraying the azoxystrobin and the pyraclostrobin once every 15 days, and adding metalaxyl manganese zinc and aluminum triphosphate when phytophthora brown rot is serious. In orchards with serious diseases in the past year, grass is paved on the ground, or branches close to the ground are supported by bamboo poles to be more than 60cm away from the ground.
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| CN114902903A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-16 | 重庆三峡农业科学院(重庆市万州区甘宁蚕种场) | Green prevention and control method for lemon round spot |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112042638A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-08 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Pesticide preparation for preventing and treating mealybugs in pineapple |
| CN114902903A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-16 | 重庆三峡农业科学院(重庆市万州区甘宁蚕种场) | Green prevention and control method for lemon round spot |
| CN114902903B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-06-23 | 重庆三峡农业科学院(重庆市万州区甘宁蚕种场) | Green prevention and control method for lemon round spot |
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