CN117617045A - Green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN117617045A CN117617045A CN202311766953.4A CN202311766953A CN117617045A CN 117617045 A CN117617045 A CN 117617045A CN 202311766953 A CN202311766953 A CN 202311766953A CN 117617045 A CN117617045 A CN 117617045A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural control, in particular to the A01G13/00 field, and more particularly relates to a green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests. The peach tree disease and pest green prevention and control planting method is embodied on a time axis of a peach tree growth period, integrates main prevention and control means such as agriculture, physics, biology, chemical prevention and control, and the like, adopts a technical route of agriculture prevention and control, physicochemical induction control, biological prevention and control, ecological regulation and control and chemical prevention and control, implements the whole-process green prevention and control technology integration application, achieves the purposes of effectively controlling crop disease and pest, reducing the dosage of chemical pesticides, ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment, promoting the increase of agricultural yield and income, and is suitable for planting peach trees in long triangular areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural control, in particular to the A01G13/00 field, and more particularly relates to a green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests.
Background
Peach is popular with masses of people in China, and is one of main income-increasing sources for fruit growers and farmers. The planting of peach trees and the growth of peaches have certain requirements on planting environments. When the peach tree is in a subtropical monsoon climate zone in a long triangular area, sun exposure is sufficient in the growing season of the peach tree, but the existence of objective environmental factors such as special plum rain, typhoon, heavy rain and the like often causes more diseases and insect pests, especially main diseases and insects such as pear borers, peach bacterial perforation diseases, peach brown rot and the like, and the peach tree planting and the peach growth in the Shanghai area are seriously influenced, so that the peach tree needs to be timely deinsectized and removed, and the normal growth of the peach tree is ensured. Under the influence of the conventional agricultural production habit, the phenomenon that chemical pesticides are excessively relied on in the peach disease and insect prevention link, the prevention means is single, the ecological environment protection of farmlands is not considered, and the number of natural enemies and neutral insects of peach pests is reduced; in addition, the current peach trees in China mainly register the problems of smaller range of control objects, more general over-quantity and over-range use conditions of pesticides in disease and insect control, and the like, which are unfavorable for the safety of crop production, the safety of agricultural product quality and the safety of agricultural ecological environment, and the phenomena of blind application and abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by producers exist in agricultural production, so that measures such as agricultural control, ecological control and biological control are weakened. In order to solve the problems, a technical mode of green prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests of peach trees is needed to be established, a development idea of green ecology is established, the quality and commodity value of peaches are improved, and farmers are guided to develop green prevention and control.
The prior art discloses a method for treating almond diseases and insect pests for CN104350995B, and the adopted method can comprise the following steps: the treatment method can strengthen the tree vigor, consolidate the tree vigor and prevent the plant diseases and insect pests from breeding and spreading, and can effectively prevent and treat the plant diseases and insect pests when the plant diseases are about to occur or occur, so that the almond tree is kept healthy and vigorous; the prior art CN107006305B discloses a green production method of facility peach, which adopts a whole-course physical method to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests of the facility peach, thereby realizing green production. However, the planting prevention technology adopted by the scheme is single, and is difficult to effectively prevent pests and pathogenic bacteria from the root, so that peach tree growers can be hardly ensured to effectively increase the yield and income.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests; the control period of the peach tree disease and pest green prevention and control planting method is as follows: 1-2 months of dormancy stage, 3 months of germination and flowering stage, 4 months of fruit setting stage, 5 months of fruit hard pit stage, 6 months of fruit expansion stage, 7-8 months of fruit maturity stage, 9-10 months of nutrient accumulation stage and 11-12 months of fallen leaves dormancy stage; the sleep period may include agricultural control; the sprouting and flowering period can comprise agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical control, and the fruit setting period can comprise agricultural control and physical and chemical control; the fruit sclerotium period can comprise agricultural control and physical and chemical induction control; the fruit expanding period can comprise agricultural control and biological control; the fruit ripening period may comprise agricultural control; the nutrient accumulation period can comprise agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical induction control; the fallen leaves dormancy stage can comprise agricultural control; the germination and flowering period, fruit setting period, fruit hard pit period, fruit expanding period and fruit maturation period can also comprise chemical control.
The germination and flowering period and the fruit setting period can also comprise biological control.
The fruit expansion period and the fruit maturity period can also comprise ecological regulation and control.
The agricultural control may include: selecting varieties, managing winter and spring, whitening trunks, paving mulching films, pruning tree forms, pruning growing seasons, reasonably fertilizing, scientifically draining and irrigating, cleaning a garden and bagging vegetables and fruits.
The ecological regulation may include: at least one of grass growing cultivation and diversity cultivation.
The physicochemical induction control can comprise: at least one of color plate insect attracting, insect killing lamp insect attracting, sex attracting, preventing and treating, sweet and sour liquid attracting and killing technology and insect attracting belt using technology.
The biological control may include: at least one of protection and utilization of natural enemies, mite control by mites and biological pesticide control.
The biological pesticide in the biological pesticide control comprises one or more of plant source bactericides, plant source insecticides, plant source acaricides, microbial insecticides, microbial bactericides and microbial source bactericides; the botanical fungicide comprises 10% berberine hydrochloride wettable powder; the plant source bactericide comprises: one or more of 0.5% matrine aqua, 0.3% matrine soluble solution; the plant source acaricide comprises 5% eucalyptol soluble agent; the microbial pesticide comprises: 32000 IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, 16000 IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, 8000 IU/microliter of bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent, 100 hundred million live spores/milliliter of bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent, 80 hundred million spores/milliliter of metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 dispersible oil suspending agent; the microbial bactericide comprises 50 hundred million CFU/g paenibacillus polymyxa wettable powder; the microbial source bactericide comprises 20% kasugamycin water dispersible granule.
The chemical control may include the use of at least one of a chemical bactericide, a chemical insecticide, and a chemical acaricide.
The chemical insecticide may include: 10% of flonicamid suspension, 20% of flonicamid suspension, 15% of flonicamid-bifenthrin suspension, 30% of flonicamid-bifenthrin suspension, 75% of pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 35% of thiamethoxam pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 22% of sulfoxaflor suspension, 50% of sulfoxaflor water dispersible granule, 40% of biphenyl-thiacloprid suspension, 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder, 50 g/liter of pyriproxyfen dispersible liquid, 46% of flonicamid water dispersible granule, 7% of chlorantraniliprole suspension, 30% of abamectin suspension and 3% of high-efficiency cypermethrin microcapsule suspension.
The chemical germicide may include: 45% spring mine copper quinoline suspending agent; 40% of thiazole zinc suspending agent; 40% of a tebuconazole zinc thiazole suspending agent; 20% of thiazole zinc suspending agent; 20% of a thiabendazole copper suspending agent; 20% bronopol soluble solution; 38% of pyraclostrobin and boscalid water dispersible granules; 43% trifloxystrobin suspension; 45% of pyraclostrobin and boscalid suspending agent; 43% of an azole ether fluoroamide suspending agent; 24% fenbuconazole suspending agent; 20% penconazole aqueous emulsion; 23% of a pyraclostrobin suspending agent; 20% kasugamycin water dispersible granule; 325 g/L of azoxystrobin suspension agent; 60% of pyraclostrobin-ambroxol water dispersible granules; 40% of benzyl pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate; 80% of sulfur water dispersible granule; 40% of an pyraclostrobin suspending agent; 30% of a benzyl pyrazole ester suspending agent; 40% of at least one of a benzyl pyrazole ester suspending agent.
The chemical acaricide may include: 40% of pyridaben-etoxazole suspending agent and 25% of at least one of abamectin-etoxazole suspending agent.
The variety selection may include: selecting disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties and healthy high-quality seedlings.
The spring and winter management may include: after harvesting and before soil sealing, deep-turning the whole garden according to the principle of shallow near trunk and deep far trunk, wherein the deep-turning depth is 5-25 cm; scraping rough skin and cocktail below trunk branches, eliminating overwintering insect sources of pests such as overwintering red spiders, leaf rollers and the like, pruning diseased branches and insect branches in the past year, and timely sweeping fallen leaves, fallen fruits and branches; finishing winter pruning before 1 month, wherein the coverage rate of the crown is 70% -75%; spraying Baume 5-7 Baume lime sulfur mixture in the middle of 2 months to kill overwintering pest.
The trunk whitewashing may include: in autumn and winter, after rough skin and cocked skin are scraped off, a white coating agent is configured to whiten trunk and main branches, the white coating position is 60-80 cm of trunk, and three main branches are 10-15 cm; the raw materials of the whitewash can comprise: quicklime, sulfur and water.
The mulching film laying method can comprise the following steps: and (3) paving a mulching film in the early peach orchard of 3 months, and uncovering the mulching film in the last 9 months.
The tree pruning may include: the natural open-heart-shaped Y-shaped tree shape with high light efficiency is used, the tree shape row spacing can be selected to be (4-6) m multiplied by (3-5) m, and an operation channel of about 1m is reserved between rows.
The growing season building may include: pruning branches endangered by aphids, pear budworms, leaf shrink diseases and branch blight diseases and insect pests; thinning out the dense branches and the foliar-free flowers; the excessively long fruiting branches are retracted, the fruiting quantity is reduced, the growth vigor of the tree body is enhanced, and the disease and insect resistance of the tree body is improved.
The reasonable fertilization can comprise: the fertilizer mainly applied in the fertilizer application period of the adult fruit trees can comprise 0.75-1.25 kg of compound fertilizer applied to each peach tree of the swelling fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of fertilizer applied to each peach tree of the swelling fertilizer, and 20-50 kg of commercial organic fertilizer applied to each peach tree of the base fertilizer; applying organic cake fertilizer of bean pulp and peanut cake.
The scientific irrigation and drainage may include: when drought weather is met, thin water duty irrigation is carried out; after the weather of plum rain, typhoon and heavy rain, ditching and draining are carried out, broken branches and fallen leaves are cleaned, and the fallen fruits are picked up and taken out of the garden, so that the ponding of the garden is avoided.
The cleaning garden field may include: removing the fruits and She Shu of the insects existing on the tree body before maturity; after harvesting, cleaning the waste bags, dead fruits, dead branches and residual tips damaged by the pear heartworms which remain on the tree body in time, and scraping off the disease spots; carrying out artificial killing in the occurrence period of the adult of the longhorn beetles in middle and late 6 months; in the pest stage, according to the wood and ground moth and insect manure, the pest part is found out and then the iron wire is used to prick the larva.
The vegetable and fruit bagging can comprise: after thinning fruits in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, carrying out one-time medicament control before bagging, and bagging after the fruit powder is dried.
The grass growing cultivation may include: the inter-row grass cultivation comprises three leaves of white clover and alfalfa with a sowing rate of 2.5-4 kg/667m 2 Suitable microclimate, shelter and spawning sites can be provided for orius floridulus, green lacewing, ladybug and spider; when the grass height is 20-30 cm, mowing is carried out once, and the deep root, the high-stalk malignant weed is shoveled off, and the grass height is about 10 cm.
The diversity cultivation may include: selecting 1-2 kinds of long-flowering plants for matching, such as: persian chrysanthemum and cornflower chrysanthemum; the natural enemy adult trapping effect is good, and the natural enemy adult trapping effect can also comprise plants in 9-10 months late flowering period, such as wild chrysanthemum, red cluster and the like; the saving plants can be selected to plant high-stalk plants such as sunflower and corn, the stalk height is more than 100cm, and the richness of natural enemy insects for replacing hunting can be increased; the plants can be located around the orchard.
The color plate insect attracting method can comprise the following steps: in the early field period of spring aphids, hanging a degradable yellow board, hanging 1 tree per 1-2 trees at the middle part of the periphery of the crown facing south; when the occurrence amount in the field is large, the replacement yellow plate is cleaned out of the field, and is subjected to centralized treatment.
The trapping and killing of the insecticidal lamp can comprise: the insecticidal lamp should be installed in the area of peach garden with wide area, good light transmittance, no shielding object and avoiding the direct interference of illumination light source, and the single lamp control area (20-30) multiplied by 667m 2 The interval area of each lamp is about 300m; the lamp is turned on every evening and turned off every early morning from the end of 4 months to the end of 10 months; the insect bodies and sundries on the power grid and the lamp tube are cleaned regularly every week, the insect bodies in the collecting bag are cleaned, and the insect bodies are cleaned 2 times every week in the trapping and killing peak period of 6-8 months; and the insecticidal lamp is maintained in winter, and is properly stored in a warehouse.
The sex-induced control may include: the sex pheromone trapper is arranged at the beginning of 5 months to trap and kill the insect adults such as leaf miner, carpopodium borer, apple leaf miner, lygus lucorum and the like, 2-3 trappers are arranged every 667m < 2 >, the middle part of the crown is hung, and the installation height is about 1.5m away from the ground; the lure core should be preserved at low temperature, the lure core is replaced once a month after setting, the insect body in the trap is removed, the insect sticking plate is replaced, and water is added into the water basin trap in time; after installing different pest attracting cores, washing hands or wearing gloves, and ending sex attracting prevention until male worms are not attracted for 3 consecutive days in 10 months; before the overwintering generation adults of the early-stage carpenter worm of 3 months to 4 months emerge, 240 mg/carpenter worm sex-enhancing slow-release agent is twisted and hung on 1/3 branches on the crown of a peach tree.
The sweet and sour liquid trapping and killing technology can comprise the following steps: the occurrence period of adult insect pests of the moth class such as the fruit borer of pear, the leaf roller of apple and the like is 667m each 2 Placing 4-6 sugar-vinegar liquid traps until no adults are trapped for 3 days. Placing in plastic basin or special trapper, accounting for about 1/2 of the volume of the container, and hanging at the upper middle part of the periphery of the crown without shielding; when the plant is in rainy season and high-temperature weather, the transpiration and the loss are large, the sugar and vinegar liquid is supplemented, the insect bodies are cleaned, and the waste sugar and vinegar liquid and the insect bodies are carried out of the garden to be deeply buried.
The sweet and sour liquid raw materials can comprise white sugar, acetic acid, ethanol and water; the mass ratio of the white sugar to the acetic acid to the ethanol to the water is (2-4): 1: (2-5): (60-120).
The insect attracting belt using technology can comprise the following steps: binding an insect-attracting belt on the trunk for attracting overwintering insect clusters and spawning in the beginning of 9 months, and fixing the insect-attracting belt around the trunk for 5-10 cm below the first branch when binding, wherein the insect-attracting belt is timely repaired and replaced if the insect-attracting belt is softened and loosened; after the pests are completely dormant and before the pests are stinged in the next year, the pests are taken down and destroyed in a concentrated way and can not be discarded or reused at will.
The protecting with natural enemies may include: the natural enemy inhabiting protection areas of the orius parvulus, the aphid eating, the ladybug, the parasitic wasp and the spider are established, and broad-spectrum and high-grade pesticides are avoided in the natural enemy breeding peak period.
The mite treatment method can comprise the following steps: comprehensively cleaning the peach orchard 30 days before releasing predatory mites, and cleaning the peach orchard again by using biological pesticides 15 days later; at the end of 3 months and at the beginning of 4 months, facility cultivation can be advanced to the end of 2 months, the number of pest mites is less than 2 heads/leaf, each plant is one bag, each bag is 2500 or so, and the pest mites are released in the evening or on cloudy days; and cutting the paper bag at 1/3 position obliquely for half inch, nailing and hanging the paper bag on the bottom of the main rod of the sunlight on the inner side of the crown, leaning against the branches, and properly leaving grass in the orange after releasing, thereby reducing the use of acaricide.
Advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention is embodied on a time axis of the peach tree growing period, integrates main prevention and control means of agriculture, physics, biology, chemical prevention and control and the like, adopts the technical route of agriculture prevention and control, physicochemical induction control, biological prevention and control, ecological regulation and control and chemical prevention and control, implements the whole-course green prevention and control technology integration application, achieves the purposes of effectively controlling crop diseases and insect pests, reducing the dosage of chemical pesticides, reducing the pollution risk of agricultural non-point sources, ensuring the production safety of crops, the quality safety of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment, promoting the agricultural yield increase and income increase, and is suitable for the peach tree planting in long triangular areas.
And secondly, the invention combines different control technologies at different stages of peach tree growth, can pertinently solve the problems of main diseases and insect pests, environment and the like encountered at different stages of peach tree growth, and achieves accurate and effective control.
The peach tree pest green prevention and control technical mode provided by the invention can guide a grower to effectively control crop pests, reduce the chemical pesticide by more than 30% on the basis of guaranteeing the pest control effect, enrich the population quantity of neutral and natural enemy insects in the field and ensure the production safety of crops, the quality safety of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment.
In the invention, compared with the traditional pure pesticide control method, the method can effectively reduce the residual quantity of chemical pesticide on the surfaces of peach fruits and can effectively improve the edible safety of the peaches by the control method of agricultural control, physicochemical induction control, biological control, ecological control and chemical control.
And fifth, after the method for green prevention and control of peach tree diseases and insect pests is practically implemented, the moth-head rate, the leaf disease rate and the disease index of peach trees can be effectively reduced, further the expected income of farmers is improved, the income cost of early-stage pesticides is reduced, the ecological diversity of orchards is ensured, and good economic benefit and ecological effect are achieved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps: 1-2 months of dormancy stage, 3 months of germination and flowering stage, 4 months of fruit setting stage, 5 months of fruit hard pit stage, 6 months of fruit expansion stage, 7-8 months of fruit maturity stage, 9-10 months of nutrient accumulation stage and 11-12 months of fallen leaves dormancy stage; the dormancy period comprises agricultural control; the germination and flowering period comprises agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical induction control, and the fruit setting period comprises agricultural control and physical and chemical induction control; the fruit hard-bearing period comprises agricultural control and physical and chemical induction control; the fruit expanding period comprises agricultural control and biological control; the mature period of the fruits comprises agricultural control; the nutrient accumulation period comprises agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical induction control; the fallen leaves dormancy period comprises agricultural control; the germination and flowering period, fruit setting period, fruit hard pit period, fruit expanding period and fruit maturation period also comprise chemical prevention and treatment.
The germination and flowering period and the fruit setting period also comprise biological control.
The fruit expansion period and the fruit maturity period also comprise ecological regulation and control.
The agricultural control in the dormancy stage is as follows: pruning in winter is completed before 1 month, and 5-7 Baume degrees of lime sulfur mixture is sprayed in 2 months to kill overwintering diseases and insect pests.
The agricultural control in the germination and flowering period is to lay a mulching film, in particular to lay a mulching film in a peach garden at the beginning of 3 months; the ecological regulation and control in the germination and flowering period is a variety of cultivation, and the low-stem plant, namely, the pergola and cornflower, are cultivated; the physicochemical induction control of the germination and flowering period is a color plate insect induction and sweet and sour liquid induction technique, in particular to suspending a degradable yellow plate to prevent and treat aphids, 2 plants/sheet; suspending pear heart worm type disorientation slow release agent in middle 3 months with density of 33 pieces/667 m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Every 667m 2 Placing 5 sugar-vinegar liquid traps to prevent and treat lepidoptera pests, wherein the raw materials of the sugar-vinegar liquid comprise the following proportions: white sugar: acetic acid: ethanol: water=3:1:3:80.
The agricultural control in the fruit bearing period is pruning in a growing season, and specifically pruning branches endangered by aphids, fruit borers, leaf shrink diseases and branch blight; thinning out the dense branches and the foliar-free flowers; the physical and chemical attraction and control in the fruit setting period is that the insect killing lamp is adopted to trap and kill the insect pests in the serious region of lepidoptera pests, and the single lamp control area is 15000m 2 The lamps are spaced 300m apart; the pest adults turn on the lamp in the evening and turn off the lamp in the early morning in the peak period.
The biological control of the sprouting and blooming period and the fruit bearing period is to control mites by mites, and specifically comprises the following steps: the field quantity of the mites is less than 2 heads/leaf at the beginning of the last 4 months of the 3 months, 2500 natural enemies of the mites are released from each plant, and the mites are released in the evening or in the cloudy days.
The agricultural control in the hard-bearing period is scientific irrigation, ditching and drainage, and water accumulation is avoided; pruning branches endangered by aphids, pear budworms, leaf shrink disease and leaf blight; thinning out the dense branches and the foliar-free flowers; the excessively long fruiting branches are retracted, the fruiting quantity is reduced, the growth vigor of the tree body is enhanced, and the insect resistance of the tree body is improved; the physical and chemical induction control of the hard-core period of the fruits is sex induction control, and specifically, a sex pheromone trapper is arranged at the beginning of 5 months to trap and kill leaf miner, carpopodium borer, leaf miner and lygus lucorum; density of 2/667 m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sex-induced control ends when male insects are not induced for 3 consecutive days in 10 months; the fruit is hard and nuclearThe control of the natural enemies is to protect and utilize natural enemies, in particular to establish natural enemies perching protection areas of orius floridulus, aphid eating, ladybug, parasitic wasp and spider, and broad-spectrum pesticides are avoided in the natural enemies breeding peak period.
The agricultural control in the fruit expanding period is cleaning of a field, and specifically is artificial killing of the adult and larva of the longicorn beetles; after fruit thinning, carrying out primary medicament comprehensive control, and bagging after fruit powder is dried; the biological control in the fruit expanding period is biological pesticide control, and specifically, 10% berberine hydrochloride wettable powder, 0.5% matrine water aqua, 50 hundred million CFU/g paenibacillus polymyxa wettable powder, 80 hundred million spores/ml metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 dispersible oil suspending agent and 100 hundred million live spores/ml bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent are selected for controlling diseases and insect pests.
The agricultural control in the mature period of fruits is scientific drainage and irrigation, particularly drainage in rainy season, broken branches and fallen leaves are cleaned, and water accumulation in an orchard is avoided; removing the fruits and leaves of the diseases and insects before the peach matures; and after harvesting, cleaning residual waste bags, dead fruits, dead branches and moths, and scraping off the disease spots.
The ecological regulation and control of the fruit expansion period and the fruit maturity period is to cultivate the raw grass, specifically mow once when the field raw grass reaches 20-30 cm, and remove the deep-root and high-stem malignant weeds, and leave the grass high.
The chemical control of the germination and flowering period, the fruit setting period, the fruit hard bearing period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit maturing period is to use chemical pesticides and chemical bactericides, specifically, the chemical pesticides and the chemical bactericides are uniformly sprayed by using 35% thiamethoxam and pymetrozine water dispersible granules, 22% sulfoxaflor suspension, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 75% pymetrozine and spirotetramat water dispersible granules in the occurrence peak period: according to weather control in the initial period of 4 months and 5 months and during the rainy season, 20% kasugamycin water dispersible granule and 20% thiabendazole suspending agent are selected for uniform spraying to control brown rot and brown spot perforation and anthracnose of peach: xie Huaqi, controlling according to weather before bagging and during rainy season, and uniformly spraying 24% fenbuconazole suspending agent, 45% pyraclostrobin and boscalid suspending agent, 60% pyraclostrobin and metiram water dispersible granule and 325 g/L of fenpropathrin suspending agent.
The agricultural control in the nutrient accumulation period is reasonable fertilization, and specifically 1kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each peach tree; the ecological regulation and control of the nutrient accumulation period is to cultivate grass, specifically to select white clover and alfalfa grass for main inter-row grass cultivation, and the seeding rate is 3kg/667m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The physical and chemical control of the nutrient accumulation period is a use technology of the insect-attracting belt, and specifically the insect-attracting belt is bound on the trunk at the beginning of 9 months to induce and collect overwintering insect clusters and spawning, and the insect is removed and destroyed intensively after being completely dormant and before being out of the way in the next year.
The agricultural control in the fallen leaf dormancy stage is trunk whitewashing, specifically scraping rough skin and cocktail below trunk branches, eliminating overwintering insect sources, pruning diseased branches and insect branches in the past year, and sweeping fallen leaves, fallen fruits and branches; the main trunk of 60-80 cm and the main branch of 10-15 cm are whitened, and the proportion of the whitening agent is as follows: quicklime: sulfur: water = 10:1:40.
evaluation of Performance
Application example 1: application of whole-course green production technology mode of Pudong juicy peach
Exemplary zone profile: the demonstration area is arranged at a Japanese peach research and development base of Shanghai city peach research institute, and is a national-grade honey peach standardized demonstration base established in 2008 by the south Hui peach research institute of Shanghai city, which is located in the New Pudong area of Shanghai city in the New port of the New year. In 2017, the technology route of agricultural control, physicochemical induction control, biological control, ecological control and chemical control is adopted to implement green control technology integration demonstration on the port-adjacent base of the peach research institute, and the area is 150 mu. The tree is 10 years old. Plant spacing: 4 meters, interval: 6 meters. Main cultivated varieties: lake Jing Milou, chuanzhong island, etc.
The medicine consumption condition is as follows: the annual mu dosage of the green demonstration area is 248.63g/667m 2 . The main insect pest of the peach tree in the Pudong new region is the fruit borer, the loss caused by the tip and fruit borer is large, the occurrence of the fruit borer can be basically controlled by the sexual disorientation technology in the demonstration region, therefore, the aphid and other lepidoptera pests can be controlled by only applying the insecticide for three times (matrine and bacillus thuringiensis) in the whole year, and the plant source and biological source pesticides account for 34.29 percent of the total dosage. Compared with the peasant household self-defense area, the chemical pesticide consumption in the green prevention and control demonstration area is reduced by 34.55% in 2017 from 4 months to 7 months, and the pesticide decrement effect is obvious.
And (3) prevention effect analysis: the fruit borer is the main pest in the Shanghai peach producing area, the young shoots are eaten mainly in 1-2 generations, and the peach fruits are damaged from 3 generations. Investigation of green prevention and control areas for 5 months and 5 days shows that the moth-proofing rate of the green prevention and control areas is 0%, and the conventional prevention and control areas are 3.83%; the green prevention and control area is 0.17% in the investigation of 5 months and 16 days, and the conventional prevention and control area is 9.5%; the green prevention and control area is 4.25% for 22 days of 6 months, and the conventional prevention and control area is 13.54%; the green prevention and control area is 34.00% for 7 months and 20 days, and the conventional prevention and control area is 51.82%. The use of the disorientation yarn in the green prevention and control area can effectively control the damage of the pear caused by the small food and the worm damage before 7 months.
7 months is peak period of pear eating heart and moth, and can cause direct economic loss to peach production. The investigation result of the fruit-eating rate in the harvest period of 7 months and 20 days shows that the fruit-eating rate in the green prevention and control area is 7.69%, and the fruit-eating rate of farmers from the prevention area reaches 13.88%, and the fruit-eating rate is reduced by 6.19%.
The disease conditions of the green prevention and control area and the conventional prevention and control area are investigated in the disease peak period of the bacterial perforation disease, the disease leaf rate of the green prevention and control area is 7.33% in 15 days of 6 months, the disease index is 2, and the disease leaf rate is reduced by 22.67% compared with the disease leaf rate of the conventional prevention and control area. The disease is in a peak period all year around when the disease enters the plum rain season in the middle and late 6 months. The condition that the disease is harmful fruits is investigated in the harvesting period of 7 months and 20 days at the beginning of 7 months, the disease fruit rate in the green prevention and control area is 7.69%, the disease fruit rate is reduced by 10.37% compared with the conventional prevention and control area, and the prevention and control effect is excellent.
Economic benefit analysis: compared with the conventional prevention and control area, the total pest and disease fruit rate of the green prevention and control area is reduced by 16.56%, and the green prevention and control area can reduce 165KG of pest and disease fruits per mu and increase the value by 12 yuan/KG (8 yuan/KG of pest and disease fruits and 20 yuan/KG of high-quality fruits) and 1987.2 yuan according to 1000KG of fruits per mu. Considering the increase of 388.95 yuan, the cost and the efficiency can be saved by 1598.25 yuan per mu.
Application example 2: application of green production technology mode of whole process of voxian yellow peach
Exemplary zone profile: the demonstration area is located at the base of Wu Fangcun Sier agricultural science and technology service limited company in Qing village and town in Shanghai city, the area is 300 mu, the tree age is 9-15 years, the main cultivated variety is beautiful and brocade, the plant spacing is 4 m, and the spacing is 4.5 m. In 2019, the base is used as a peach tree disease monitoring point and a green prevention and control demonstration base in Shanghai city, main disease and pest monitoring work such as pear borer, bacterial perforation disease and the like is carried out, a technical route of 'color plate insect attraction, sex attraction and control, chemical prevention and control and grass growing cultivation' is adopted, a peach disease and pest green prevention and control technology is implemented in a core demonstration area, the green food authentication requirement is met, and good social and ecological benefits are obtained.
The medicine consumption condition is as follows: in recent years, the pesticide varieties used in the demonstration base comprise 35% of thiamethoxam pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 22% of sulfoxaflor suspension, 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder, 75% of pymetrozine spirotetramat water dispersible granule, kasugamycin, ningnanmycin, matrine, bacillus thuringiensis and the like, so that old medicaments such as carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, high-chlorine emamectin benzoate and the like are avoided, the targeting property is stronger, and the pesticide varieties are safer and more friendly to the ecological environment of an orchard. Taking 2021 as an example, the demonstration area is totally controlled for 5 times, and the number of times is reduced by 4 times compared with that of surrounding farmers; the commodity amount of the pesticide per mu is 1440.5 g, which is reduced by 1% compared with the peasant household self-defense area; the commodity amount of chemical pesticides per mu is 433 g, 755 g is used in the peasant household self-defense area, and 42.65% is reduced; the acre of the chemical pesticide is 202 g, the peasant household area is 341 g, and the amount is reduced by 40.76%. Compared with the conventional control, the pesticide consumption in the demonstration area is greatly reduced, and the pesticide decrement effect is very obvious.
And (3) prevention effect analysis: the average tip-eating rate of the peach garden hung with the yellow pearship and the yellow mealworm in the middle ten days of 8 months is 4.46%, the tip-eating rate of the peach garden which is not hung with the yellow mealworm in the peasant household self-defense area is 11.31%, and the prevention and control effects are remarkable. In 2021, the investigation is carried out on the plan, the brown rot disease fruit rate is 7.08%, the anthracnose disease fruit rate is 3.54%, the bacterial perforation disease fruit rate is 1.77%, the pear carefully-eaten worm-eaten fruit rate is 4.13%, and the yield and the occurrence degree of the pests are similar to those of the peasant household self-defense area.
Economic benefit analysis: the yield of the demonstration area is similar to that of the peasant household self-defense area, and the average yield is 700 kg/mu, but the demonstration area adopts graded sales: the yield of the high-quality fruits is 280 kg, the unit price is 30 yuan, the yield value is 8400 yuan, the total yield value is close to the total yield value of farmers, and the total yield of the common fruits (the yield is 175 kg/mu, the unit price is 14 yuan/kg) and the inferior fruits (the yield is 245 kg/mu, the unit price is 4 yuan/kg) is 11830 yuan, which is 2030 yuan higher than that of farmers. Exemplary area costs include pesticide, green control products, and control labor costs, with farmers only pesticide costs, compared to exemplary area mu costs 350 yuan higher than farmers. In the comprehensive view, the mu income of the demonstration area is 11130 yuan, which is 1680 yuan more than that of the conventional farmers, and the economic benefit is good.
Claims (10)
1. A green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests is characterized in that: the control period of the peach tree disease and pest green prevention and control planting method is as follows: 1-2 months of dormancy stage, 3 months of germination and flowering stage, 4 months of fruit setting stage, 5 months of fruit hard pit stage, 6 months of fruit expansion stage, 7-8 months of fruit maturity stage, 9-10 months of nutrient accumulation stage and 11-12 months of fallen leaves dormancy stage; the dormancy period comprises agricultural control; the germination and flowering period comprises agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical induction control, and the fruit setting period comprises agricultural control and physical and chemical induction control; the fruit hard-bearing period comprises agricultural control and physical and chemical induction control; the fruit expanding period comprises agricultural control and biological control; the mature period of the fruits comprises agricultural control; the nutrient accumulation period comprises agricultural control, ecological regulation and physical and chemical induction control; the fallen leaves dormancy period comprises agricultural control; the germination and flowering period, fruit setting period, fruit hard pit period, fruit expanding period and fruit maturation period also comprise chemical prevention and treatment.
2. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the germination and flowering period and the fruit setting period also comprise biological control.
3. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the fruit expansion period and the fruit maturity period also comprise ecological regulation and control.
4. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the agricultural control comprises: selecting varieties, managing winter and spring, whitening trunks, paving mulching films, pruning tree forms, pruning growing seasons, reasonably fertilizing, scientifically draining and irrigating, cleaning a garden and bagging vegetables and fruits.
5. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method row according to claim 2, wherein: the ecological regulation comprises the following steps: at least one of grass growing cultivation and diversity cultivation.
6. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the physical and chemical induction control comprises the following steps: at least one of color plate insect attracting, insect killing lamp insect attracting, sex attracting, preventing and treating, sweet and sour liquid attracting and killing technology and insect attracting belt using technology.
7. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the biological control comprises: at least one of protection and utilization of natural enemies, mite control and biological pesticide control; the biological pesticide in the biological pesticide control comprises one or more of plant source bactericides, plant source insecticides, plant source acaricides, microbial insecticides, microbial bactericides and microbial source bactericides; the botanical fungicide comprises 10% berberine hydrochloride wettable powder; the plant source bactericide comprises: one or more of 0.5% matrine aqua, 0.3% matrine soluble solution; the plant source acaricide comprises 5% eucalyptol soluble agent; the microbial pesticide comprises: 32000 IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, 16000 IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, 8000 IU/microliter of bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent, 100 hundred million live spores/milliliter of bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent, 80 hundred million spores/milliliter of metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 dispersible oil suspending agent; the microbial bactericide comprises 50 hundred million CFU/g paenibacillus polymyxa wettable powder; the microbial source bactericide comprises 20% kasugamycin water dispersible granule.
8. The peach tree pest green prevention and control planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical control comprises the use of at least one of chemical bactericides, chemical insecticides and chemical acaricides.
9. The green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests according to claim 6, wherein: the sweet and sour liquid raw materials comprise white sugar, acetic acid, ethanol and water; the mass ratio is (2-4): 1: (2-5): (60-120).
10. The green prevention and control planting method for peach tree diseases and insect pests according to claim 8, wherein: the chemical pesticide comprises: 10% of flonicamid suspending agent, 20% of flonicamid suspending agent, 15% of flonicamid-bifenthrin suspending agent, 30% of flonicamid-bifenthrin suspending agent, 75% of pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 35% of thiacloprid-pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 75% of pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 35% of thiamethoxam-pymetrozine water dispersible granule, 22% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent, 50% of sulfoxaflor water dispersible granule, 40% of biphenyl-thiacloprid suspending agent, 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder, 50 g/liter of pyriproxyfen dispersible liquid, 46% of flonicamid water dispersible granule, 7% of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 30% of abamectin suspending agent and 3% of high-efficiency chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspending agent;
the chemical bactericide comprises: 45% spring mine copper quinoline suspending agent; 40% of thiazole zinc suspending agent; 40% of a tebuconazole zinc thiazole suspending agent; 20% of thiazole zinc suspending agent; 20% of a thiabendazole copper suspending agent; 20% bronopol soluble solution; 38% of pyraclostrobin and boscalid water dispersible granules; 43% trifloxystrobin suspension; 45% of pyraclostrobin and boscalid suspending agent; 43% of an azole ether fluoroamide suspending agent; 24% fenbuconazole suspending agent; 20% penconazole aqueous emulsion; 23% of a pyraclostrobin suspending agent; 20% kasugamycin water dispersible granule; 325 g/L of azoxystrobin suspension agent; 60% of pyraclostrobin-ambroxol water dispersible granules; 40% of benzyl pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate; 80% of sulfur water dispersible granule; 40% of an pyraclostrobin suspending agent; 30% of a benzyl pyrazole ester suspending agent; 40% of at least one of a benzyl pyrazole ester suspending agent;
the chemical acaricide comprises: 40% of pyridaben-etoxazole suspending agent and 25% of at least one of abamectin-etoxazole suspending agent.
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