CN111247896A - Rapid ecological restoration method for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials and organic restoration agent thereof - Google Patents
Rapid ecological restoration method for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials and organic restoration agent thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid ecological restoration method for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which at least comprises the following steps: cleaning the overground part of the previous crop and weeds from the treated land, uniformly scattering a certain amount of organic repairing agent on the surface of the treated land, uniformly ploughing the soil, ditching, irrigating, maintaining the height of a water layer for a certain time above 3cm, naturally drying the water layer, and finally ploughing and ridging to loosen and ventilate the soil. The organic repairing agent comprises: 60-80% of silkworm excrement which must be unfermented, and 20-40% of dried bean dregs. The method can quickly restore the soil ecology in a short time and ensure the sustainability of planting of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method and an organic restoration agent for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacles of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Background
Herbal medicine, such as lily of perennial herbaceous plants, contains protein, fat, reducing sugar, starch, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B, vitamin C, etc., and also contains various bioactive components such as colchicine, etc. The lily has sweet, slightly bitter and neutral taste, has good nutrition and nourishing effects of tonifying heart and lung, regulating spleen and stomach, nourishing yin, relieving summer heat and the like, and also has certain prevention and treatment effects on various seasonal diseases caused by autumn climate dryness. In recent years, lily sales are increasing and prices are rising, and objective economic benefits are brought to farmers in lily planting areas.
However, the lily planting and production problems are more and more prominent along with the continuous expansion of the large-scale lily planting. In the lily planting process, the fertilizer is applied in a long-term biased manner, and unbalanced absorption and antagonistic action among elements in the lily growing process reduce the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the soil is seriously acidified, the pH value required by the growth of the lilies is 6.0-7.0, the growth of the lilies can be seriously influenced when the pH value of the soil is reduced to be below 6.0, and the pH value of part of the soil for planting the lilies is below 5.0; the organic matter content of the soil after continuous cropping is greatly reduced, the soil hardening is aggravated, and the root system of the lily grows badly; the soil-borne diseases are aggravated, a large amount of phytophthora lilium and rhizoctonia lilii and the like are accumulated in the soil, and the yield reduction caused by the diseases is rapidly increased. The problem of continuous cropping obstacle of lily is more and more prominent, and lily can not be planted in part of areas because of limited cultivated land.
On the aspect of continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control, a great deal of research is carried out by researchers in China and abroad, but the current prevention and control mainly aims at a single problem and lacks of an effective means of comprehensive prevention and control. Chemical pesticides, disinfectants and the like are still mainly adopted for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles. However, a large amount of chemical pesticides and disinfectants are used, so that not only is the ecological environment of soil destroyed, but also the potential safety hazard of the quality of agricultural products exists. Although novel sudden disinfectants such as dazomet and the like are developed in recent years, the disinfectants have the advantages of disinsection property, easy soil biological vacuum, higher operation and management technologies in application, easy seedling burning and the like, and the disinfectants can prevent and control the soil-borne diseases such as blight and the like, are difficult to effectively improve the ecological environment such as soil acidification, salinization and the like, are difficult to effectively improve the conditions such as plant growth weakness and the like caused by continuous cropping and have higher use cost. In recent years, the bio-organic fertilizer has a certain effect on prevention and control of soil-borne diseases due to the addition of functional microorganisms, and is popularized and applied to a certain extent, but because the current soil degradation problem in China is prominent, particularly soil acidification and salinization are serious, the problem that the functional microorganisms are difficult to colonize, have poor activity and unstable prevention and control effect due to long regulation and control aging and slow effect of the bio-organic fertilizer on the soil environment is solved, and the problem that the continuous cropping obstacle is prominent is difficult to effectively solve and is limited to a certain extent. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of high land utilization rate, high farming strength, serious soil degradation and the like under the condition of large-scale production of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as lily and the like in China, the continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control technology based on soil ecological restoration, which is efficient, short in time, low in cost and easy to operate, is developed and becomes an urgent need for green development of agriculture in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop an ecological restoration method and an organic restoration agent for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so that agricultural soil with continuous cropping obstacles can be quickly restored by utilizing agricultural leisure time, and the sustainability of planting of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is ensured.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for rapidly restoring the continuous cropping obstacle of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which at least comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning: cleaning the overground part of the upper stubble crop and weeds from the treated land;
step 2, spreading materials: uniformly scattering a certain amount of organic repairing agent on the surface of the land parcel treated in the step 1;
step 3, soil preparation: uniformly ploughing the soil in the treated land blocks sprayed in the step (2) by adopting a ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth at least reaches 15cm, so that the soil particles are fine and uniform, the land is smooth, and the organic repairing agent is uniformly mixed with the soil;
step 4, ditching: opening a ditch around the land block processed in the step 3, wherein the depth of the ditch is at least 30cm, and leaving one end of the land block open;
step 6, maintaining the height of the water layer to be more than 3cm, and timely irrigating and supplementing if the water level drops to be less than 3cm within 10 days after maintaining water; after 10 days, the water surface drops to less than 3cm, and water does not need to be irrigated again until the water naturally falls dry;
and 7, after 15-20 days, turning over and ridging to loosen and ventilate the soil, and planting after proper moisture.
The organic restoration agent for the rapid ecological restoration method of continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of silkworm excrement which must be unfermented, and 20-40% of dried bean dregs.
Has the advantages that: the invention can quickly restore the soil ecology in a short time, and comprises the steps of improving soil acidification in a short time, reducing salinization, degrading self-toxic substances in the soil, and effectively killing pathogenic microorganisms in the soil by creating a severe soil reduction condition, thereby effectively eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials and ensuring the sustainability of the planting of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing soil pH after soil remediation to a control.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing soil organic matter content after soil remediation to a control.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing total nitrogen content of soil after soil remediation with a control.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing soil available nutrient content after soil remediation with a control.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the length of the lily stem (A) and root system (B) after soil remediation with a control.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing lily count after soil remediation with a control.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing lily yield after soil remediation with a control.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing lily single fruit after soil remediation with a control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The invention relates to a method for rapidly restoring the continuous cropping obstacle of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which at least comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning: cleaning the overground part of the upper stubble crop and weeds from the treated land;
step 2, spreading materials: uniformly scattering a certain amount of organic repairing agent on the surface of the land parcel treated in the step 1;
step 3, soil preparation: uniformly ploughing the soil in the treated land blocks sprayed in the step (2) by adopting a ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth at least reaches 15cm, so that the soil particles are fine and uniform, the land is smooth, and the organic repairing agent is uniformly mixed with the soil;
step 4, ditching: opening a ditch around the land block processed in the step 3, wherein the depth of the ditch is at least 30cm, and leaving one end of the land block open;
step 6, maintaining the height of the water layer to be more than 3cm, and timely irrigating and supplementing if the water level drops to be less than 3cm within 10 days after maintaining water; after 10 days, the water surface drops to less than 3cm, and water does not need to be irrigated again until the water naturally falls dry;
and 7, after 15-20 days, turning over and ridging to loosen and ventilate the soil, and planting after proper moisture. Or spreading base fertilizer when the water content is proper, wherein the base fertilizer only needs to supplement a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer, ridging and planting seeds.
In the steps 1 to 7, the environment temperature is required to be higher than 20 ℃, and the dosage of the organic repairing agent is 800kg-1500 kg/mu.
The organic restoration agent for the rapid ecological restoration method of continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of silkworm excrement which must be unfermented, and 20-40% of dried bean dregs.
The water content of the organic repairing agent is less than 30 percent (mass percentage), the organic matter content of the organic repairing agent is more than 80 percent (mass percentage), and the total nitrogen content is more than 3 percent (mass percentage).
The unfermented silkworm excrement requires that the water content of the dried fresh silkworm excrement is lower than 30% (mass percentage); and (3) drying the bean dregs, wherein the moisture content of the fresh bean dregs is required to be lower than 20% (mass percentage) after the fresh bean dregs are dried. When the organic repairing agent is prepared, the unfermented silkworm excrement and the dried bean dregs are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion.
The effects of the present invention will now be described with reference to specific examples-test protocols.
Test protocol:
the test site is located in a lily planting base of Shuqiao county of Qingtian county of Lishui city, Zhejiang province for 4 years, through continuous cropping for 4 years, the incidence of lily in the plot is high, the average incidence of disease of overground parts is more than 90%, the previous crop year of the test is basically no longer harvested, and lily planting is seriously influenced.
The test was set up with one Control (CK) and one soil ecological remediation treatment (SER), 3 replicates, each replicate having a cell area of 200m 2. The soil ecological restoration treatment is characterized in that the organic restoration agent is uniformly spread on the surface of the soil according to the dosage of 1 ton/mu, the organic restoration agent and the plough layer soil are uniformly mixed by adopting a rotary cultivator, the depth of the plough layer reaches more than 15cm, and the water is irrigated to be 3cm higher than the surface of the soil and then kept in a flooded state for 20 days. The control is not subjected to flooding treatment according to the conventional method.
The organic repairing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: mixing 70% of unfermented faeces Bombycis and 30% of oven-dried bean dregs. The water content of the organic repairing agent is about 25 percent (mass percentage), the organic matter content of the organic repairing agent is about 81 percent (mass percentage), and the total nitrogen content is about 3.1 percent (mass percentage). The unfermented silkworm excrement is dried fresh silkworm excrement with the water content of about 25% (mass percent). And (3) drying the bean dregs, namely drying fresh bean dregs to obtain the bean dregs with the water content of about 18 percent (mass percentage).
After the rapid ecological restoration method for the continuous cropping obstacle of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is used for treatment, the treated soil sample and the soil sample of a control group are collected, and the corresponding soil physicochemical properties are measured, so that the obtained soil restoration physicochemical effect is shown as follows.
Soil pH, as shown in FIG. 1. The pH value of the soil in the control area is only 4.33, the soil pH value is consistent with the results of early sampling investigation, the soil pH value is lower, the soil acidification is more serious, after the soil ecological restoration treatment, the soil pH value reaches 5.08, the soil pH value is improved by 0.75 compared with the control, and the soil acidification condition is obviously improved. However, the soil acidification is serious, so that the acidification condition of the soil after one-time treatment cannot be completely improved, and the soil is still acidic.
Soil organic matter content, as shown in figure 2. The organic matter content of the contrast soil is 26.73g/kg, and after the ecological restoration treatment of the soil, the organic matter content of the soil is obviously improved to 34.02 g/kg.
The total nitrogen content of the soil is shown in figure 3. The total nitrogen content of the contrast soil is 1.78g/kg, and after the ecological restoration treatment of the soil, the total nitrogen content of the soil is obviously improved and reaches 2.38 g/kg.
The soil available nutrient content is shown in fig. 4. The determination of the content of the available nutrients in the soil shows that the content of the available nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium in the soil is higher than that of the control through the ecological restoration treatment of the soil. Particularly, the contents of quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium in the soil are only 232.23mg/kg and 205.39mg/kg respectively compared with the control soil, the ecological restoration treatment of the soil reaches 341.88mg/kg and 471.66mg/kg, and the soil fertility is obviously improved. After the ecological restoration treatment of the soil, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil reaches 1.21: 1.00:1.67, while the contrast soil is 1.24:1.00:1.10, and the nutrient ratio of the treated soil is more in line with the growth requirement of the edible lily.
The investigation result of the lily growth condition treated by the method for rapidly and ecologically restoring the continuous cropping obstacle of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is as follows:
and (4) performing ecological restoration treatment on the continuous cropping soil, ridging, applying base fertilizer, and performing field planting on the lily bulbs in 11 months and 10 days. Sprouting and emerging soil in the next 2 months after planting. The lily that emerged at the beginning of 3 months was investigated, lily in the control and soil ecological remediation treatment plots was randomly extracted, and the root system and stem length of lily were determined, with the results shown in fig. 5. After the soil ecological restoration, the stem length and the root length of the lily are obviously larger than those of the lily in the control area, the root system is more robust and white, and the control root system is dark. The influence of continuous cropping on the growth of the lily is reduced and the growth of the root system of the lily is promoted after the ecological soil remediation treatment.
The investigation result of the morbidity and the yield of the lily treated by the method for rapidly and ecologically restoring the continuous cropping obstacle of the herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is as follows:
in recent years, due to intensive planting, continuous cropping obstacles of lily become more and more prominent, and one of the main manifestations is serious diseases. The soil-borne diseases of lily caused by continuous cropping mainly comprise gray mold, anthracnose, blight, epidemic disease, bulb basal rot and the like, and the diseases are frequently mixed to aggravate the damage. The common morbidity is 10-15%, the crop is basically harvested after more than 2 years of continuous cropping, and serious loss is caused to lily planting. The investigation on the incidence of lily in the experimental demonstration area shows that the incidence of lily is higher and reaches 93% in the control area due to continuous cropping, but the land mass is only about 2% after the soil ecological restoration treatment, so that the incidence of lily is obviously reduced.
The yield of lily is as follows: and 8, 8 and 18 days in 2017, measuring yield of the lily in the test plots after the lily is mature, randomly extracting 3 points of the plots subjected to soil ecological restoration treatment and contrast treatment, excavating the lily in an area of 1m2 of each point, collecting lily fruits with commercial properties, and counting the number of the lily fruits. After the measurement, the lily quantity, yield and single fruit weight are shown in fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8. The average number of the lilies in the flooding control is 13000/mu, the average yield per mu is 200 kg/mu, the average number of the lilies after the soil ecological restoration treatment is 24166/mu, the average yield per mu is 458.33 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 129.2% compared with the control, the field block of the 2 nd year is continuously planted, the yield is almost dead after the excavation, the number of the lilies which can be excavated per square meter is only 2, and the lilies are rotten and have no commodity value.
In conclusion, the organic restoration agent disclosed by the invention is applied to ecological restoration of lily continuous cropping obstacle soil, the pH of the soil is increased to 5.08, soil acidification is obviously improved, the soil fertility is increased, the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced, the soil nutrients are balanced, the germination and growth of lily are promoted, the lily morbidity is reduced by about 97%, and compared with a flooding control, the yield is increased by 129.2%. Experimental research shows that the soil ecological restoration technology can effectively solve the continuous cropping obstacle of lily.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A rapid ecological restoration method for continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
step 1, cleaning: cleaning the overground part of the upper stubble crop and weeds from the treated land;
step 2, spreading materials: uniformly scattering a certain amount of organic repairing agent on the surface of the land parcel treated in the step 1;
step 3, soil preparation: uniformly ploughing the soil in the treated land blocks sprayed in the step (2) by adopting a ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth at least reaches 15cm, so that the soil particles are fine and uniform, the land is smooth, and the organic repairing agent is uniformly mixed with the soil;
step 4, ditching: opening a ditch around the land block processed in the step 3, wherein the depth of the ditch is at least 30cm, and leaving one end of the land block open;
step 5, irrigation: irrigating water into the middle ditch at the opening end of the land parcel treated in the step 4 until the soil surface layer is submerged for more than 3cm, and then closing the opening end;
step 6, maintaining the height of the water layer to be more than 3cm, and timely irrigating and supplementing if the water level drops to be less than 3cm within 10 days; after 10 days, the water surface drops to less than 3cm, and water does not need to be irrigated again until the water naturally falls dry;
and 7, after 15-20 days, finishing treatment, ploughing and ridging to loosen and ventilate the soil.
2. The method for rapidly and ecologically restoring continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the steps 1 to 7, the ambient temperature is required to be ensured to be higher than 20 ℃.
3. The method for rapidly and ecologically restoring continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dosage of the organic repairing agent is 800kg-1500 kg/mu.
4. An organic restoration agent for a rapid ecological restoration method of continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized in that: the organic repair agent includes: 60-80% of silkworm excrement which must be unfermented, and 20-40% of dried bean dregs.
5. The organic restoration agent for the rapid ecological restoration method of continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the water content of the organic repairing agent is less than 30%, the organic matter content of the organic repairing agent is more than 80%, and the total nitrogen content is more than 3%.
6. The organic restoration agent for the rapid ecological restoration method of continuous cropping obstacles of herbal traditional Chinese medicinal materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the unfermented silkworm excrement requires that the water content of the fresh silkworm excrement is lower than 30% after the fresh silkworm excrement is dried; drying the bean dregs, wherein the moisture content of the fresh bean dregs is required to be lower than 20 percent after the fresh bean dregs are dried; mixing the unfermented faeces Bombycis and the oven-dried bean dregs.
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Citations (6)
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| CN105993261A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 四川新隆农业科技有限公司 | Soil improvement method based on calcium-magnesium-silicon-potassium bioactive fertilizer |
| CN106358687A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 农文书 | Method for culturing pitaya with high yield |
| CN106495949A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 | Soil desertification biological modification agent and preparation method thereof, using method |
| CN106590670A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Fast acidified soil ecological restoration agent for preventing and controlling successive cropping obstacles of melons and restoration method |
| CN110804442A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Ecological restoration method and restoration agent for soil with facility economic crop planting obstacle |
| US10570413B2 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2020-02-25 | Purdue Research Foundation | Management of corn rootworm and other insect pests |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10570413B2 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2020-02-25 | Purdue Research Foundation | Management of corn rootworm and other insect pests |
| CN105993261A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 四川新隆农业科技有限公司 | Soil improvement method based on calcium-magnesium-silicon-potassium bioactive fertilizer |
| CN106358687A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 农文书 | Method for culturing pitaya with high yield |
| CN106590670A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Fast acidified soil ecological restoration agent for preventing and controlling successive cropping obstacles of melons and restoration method |
| CN106495949A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 | Soil desertification biological modification agent and preparation method thereof, using method |
| CN110804442A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Ecological restoration method and restoration agent for soil with facility economic crop planting obstacle |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |