CN111225776A - 用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法以及由此获得的部件 - Google Patents

用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法以及由此获得的部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111225776A
CN111225776A CN201880067582.1A CN201880067582A CN111225776A CN 111225776 A CN111225776 A CN 111225776A CN 201880067582 A CN201880067582 A CN 201880067582A CN 111225776 A CN111225776 A CN 111225776A
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China
Prior art keywords
panel
intermediate layer
panels
adhesive
peripheral edge
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CN201880067582.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
A·罗索迪维塔
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Daikemu Co
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Daikemu Co
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Publication of CN111225776A publication Critical patent/CN111225776A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

弯曲家具部件的生产方法，包括：重叠步骤(S)，将木制、塑料或金属材料的第一面板(2)、至少一个中间分隔层(3)和木制、塑料或金属材料的第二面板(4)进行重叠，以获得具有周边边缘(13)的扁平半成品(7)；置入步骤，在所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)之间置入聚氨酯型粘合剂：通过在所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)表面对所述粘合剂进行热分配，以适用于将所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)与所述中间层(3)关联，或者通过在所述中间层(3)的表面对所述粘合剂进行热分配，以适用于将所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)关联；以及半成品的冷却成型步骤(Z)，以获得弯曲的部件(1)；喷涂步骤(H)，在置入所述所述粘合剂之后，在所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和所述第二面板(4)中的至少一个之间喷涂水基辅助物质(12)。

Description

用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法以及由此获得的部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法，尤其是用于家具的门，以及由此获得的部件。
背景技术
众所周知，在家具工业中，例如，为了生产现代风格的家具，使用实木作为替代材料，这可以获得最多样化的装饰效果。
特别地，已知使用多层材料来生产弯曲的家具部件，例如用于家具的门，该家具部件通过重叠多个不同材料的面板而获得，通过在这些面板之间置入适当的粘合剂而整体结合在一起。
可替代地，已知的门通过中空构造制造，即通过在最外层面板之间插入一层或多层填充材料，从而能够获得更轻的部件而不会减弱强度。
一种用于制造空心结构弧形门的已知方法，例如，包括将层状部件制成扁平结构，这种结构是通过置入热固性粘合剂(例如尿酸粘合剂)将工作台上的各层重叠而得的，然后将部件压入成型模具中，以使其具有预期的曲率。
目前，压制是在配备有加热装置的压机上进行的，该加热装置可促进并加速粘合剂的硬化。
为此，通常使用与调节控制单元连接的电磁波发生器，其通过通电发挥作用，从而在压制步骤中通过加热粘合剂的分子发挥作用。
通常，已知的门由两块外胶合板组成，两块外胶合板的裸露面上都涂有装饰涂层，在两层胶合板之间置入一层由一对木条组成的填充材料，这些条木布置在外面板的两个平行边上，并通过一片占据面板和木条之间间隙的纸制材料隔开。
为制造这类门，必须使用辊涂机，在低温下运行，以便将粘合剂施加到条状物和板状物的上下表面上，压机配有合适的模具，并配有用于调节波发生器的控制单元。
文献EP1123672描述了一种制造用作家具的弯曲板的方法，该方法包括将天然木条胶合到多个压合板、纤维板或轻木板的至少一个外边缘上，胶合多个这样预制板，用胶合板或纸覆盖所得组装产品的至少一侧，并在胶水硬化之前用压机对该组装产品进行造型。
文献DE 198 00 969描述了一种连接面板及其实现方法。连接面板包括多层并且是弯曲的。至少外层是由杨木制成的，以允许通过压紧粘合在一起的多层结构并且然后冷压两分钟从而制成面板。
文献US 4 199 389描述了一种弯曲的压层板，其具有塑料泡沫芯和多个覆盖表面。通过在要固定的相邻表面上施加压敏粘合剂，在要进行层压的片状物的相邻表面之间插入一层，将要进行层压的片材放置在相应的模具内，去除中间层并对模具施加制辊的压力以形成片材，并根据模具本身的轮廓对其进行成形，从而制造该面板。
这些已知的方法并非没有缺点，其中，特别是对于外板而言，必须使用能够承受常规工作条件而不损坏的材料，其成本对由此获得产品的单位制造成本具有较大影响。
此外，由于门必须在加热的压力机中停留足够的时间，以确保各种材料的粘合效果，这意味着每块材料需要停留15分钟，严重减损了专用系统的生产率。
已知方法的另一个局限性在于，所使用的压机必须配备复杂且昂贵的电子设备，以控制利于粘合剂的硬化的波的产生，这样的操作需要消耗大量的能量。
最后但同样重要的是，压机内部的加热存在形成电弧的危险，导致模具和加工件燃烧，从而造成由于材料和模具本身损坏造成的经济损失，而压机本身的维护十分昂贵。
最后，由于加热波和工作环境的高燃烧负荷引起的磁场的存在，使得制造已知门的操作员长期面临严重的健康风险。
欧洲专利EP1336471已经解决了上述的部分缺点，该欧洲专利描述了一种在压制弯曲部件的组装步骤中包含了使用聚氨酯粘合剂方法。
然而，欧洲专利EP1336471中提供的解决方案也需要改良。
实际上，聚氨酯粘合剂根据不同的气候条件(温度和湿度)具有可变的扩散能力。
特别地，在高温下，扩散进行得非常缓慢，这导致部件生产的延迟，造成生产率的降低。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法和以这种方式获得的部件，该方法使得可以在不损害质量水平的情况下降低所得产品的单位成本。
本发明的另一个目的是使所需产品生产操作更快，提高专用设备的生产率和效率。
该目的和这些目标均通过本发明的用于制造弯曲家具部件的方法实现，该方法包括：木材、塑料或金属材料的第一面板、至少一个中间分隔层、木材，塑料或金属材料的第二面板的重叠步骤，以获得平坦的半成品，在中间层与第一和第二面板之间插置入粘合剂；半成品的冷成型步骤，以获得弯曲的部件；并且其特征在于，在粘合剂的置入后，其包括在中间层与第一面板和第二面板中的至少一者之间喷涂辅助水基物质的喷涂步骤。
使用本发明涉及的方法可获得的弯曲家具部件的特征在于，包括木材、塑料或金属材料的第一面板、至少一个中间分隔层和木材、塑料或金属材料的第二面板，它们彼此重叠并且通过置入粘合剂而整体结合在一起，该部件具有弯曲的轮廓。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点将从用于生产弯曲家具部件(特别是家具的门)的方法的优选但非排他性实施例的详细描述中变得更加明显，并且因此获得的部件在附图中通过指示性但非限制性示例示出，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的方法的重叠、成型和喷涂步骤的示意图；
图2是根据本发明部件的轴测图和部分爆炸图；
图3是根据本发明的方法的卷边步骤的细节示意图；
图4是根据本发明的方法的覆盖步骤的示意性轴测图。
具体实施方式
特别地参考这些附图的描述，附图标记1总体上表示可通过本发明涉及方法获得的弯曲家具部件。
部件1包括：木、塑料或金属材料的第一面板2，中间分隔层3和木、塑料或金属材料的第二面板4，它们彼此重叠并且通过置入粘合剂而整体地结合在一起，并且具有弯曲的轮廓。
有用地，第一面板2和第二面板4中的至少一个具有与装饰涂层9一体地结合的对应裸露面2a，4a。
有利地，部件1包括周边边缘13，该周边边缘至少部分地覆盖有由相同装饰涂层9获得的卷边部分10，例如，涂层9的一部分通过后成型技术弯曲并粘合到周边边缘13身上。
可替代地，部件1包括至少部分地覆盖有涂层边缘11的周边边缘13，例如，粘在周边边缘13身上的涂层条。
不能排除这样的解决方案，即周边边缘13的一部分覆盖有涂层边缘11，例如具有矩形周边形状的多个短边，而另一部分为覆盖装饰涂层9的卷边部分10，例如，具有相同矩形周边形状的多个长边。
在图中所示的特定实施例中，门1具有大体为圆柱的形状，但是不能排除其中门1具有不同曲率的替代实施例。
有利地，构成第一面板2和第二面板4的木质材料是包括凝聚木纤维类型的材料，即通过置入粘合剂压实和组装的木质材料。可替代地，如上所述，可考虑使用塑料或金属材料。
适用于制造第一面板2和第二面板4的材料，例如是商业上已知的MDF(中等密度纤维)。
应当注意，木纤维基材料的成本约为传统胶合板每立方米价格的三分之一，但无法提供正常工作条件下的强度，例如能够用于常规的热压方法促进传统热固性粘合剂的硬化以制造弯曲部件。
此外，通过室温下加压将这些材料与尿素粘合剂一起使用是不利的，因为这个周期很长，以至于在经济上反而不利于胶合板的更换。
有利地，使用压力反应型的粘合剂，特别是聚氨酯粘合剂，与包含木纤维、塑料或金属的材料结合使用，由于在足够压力的作用的室温条件下，对冷成型是有利的，这种粘合剂会在短时间内(几分钟内)硬化，并确保各种材料之间牢固和稳定的连接，并保持弯曲的轮廓。
压力反应型粘合剂渗透到必须密封在一起的接触表面的孔隙中，并在压力的作用下促进粘合的化学反应，从而确保表面之间牢固和稳定的结合。
随后，通过粘合剂和环境湿度之间的化学反应完成粘合。
第一面板2、中间层3和第二面板4具有完全一致的接触表面的形状及延伸，并且以各自的边缘彼此匹配的方式布置在彼此的顶部上。
在所示的特定实施例中，这些表面为四边形并且具有一致的长度和宽度。
中间层3包括两个平行布置的条状物5，在它们之间放置由具有与条状物5相同厚度的材料制成的片状物6。
条状物5由胶合板或杨木压合板、MDF或其他材料(例如塑料或金属)制成，而制成片状物6的材料为蜂窝纸状或泡沫聚合物类型的材料。
条状物5和片状物6平行于部件1的弯曲轮廓生成器布置。
中间层3比第一面板2和第二面板4厚，使得部件1具有一定的整体高度，但重量仍然很轻。
在面板2和4各自的裸露面2a和4a上可应用未在图中示出的装饰性涂层，该装饰性涂层的类型为印刷有木纹的纸或PVC片，木材单板等。
弯曲家具部件的生产方法如下，包括：
重叠步骤S，对木质、塑料或金属材料的第一面板2、中间分隔层3和木质、塑料或金属材料的第二面板4进行重叠，以获得具有周边边缘13的扁平半成品7；
置入步骤，为了简化未在图中示出，在中间层3与第一和第二面板2、4之间置入聚氨酯粘合剂，通过在第一和第二面板的表面上对该粘合剂进行热分配，以适于将第一和第二面板2、4与中间层3关联，或者通过在中间层3的表面对粘合剂进行热分配，以适于中间层3与第一和第二面板2、4关联。
半成品7的冷却成型步骤Z，用于获得弯曲部件1。
根据本发明，该方法包括喷涂步骤H：在中间层3与第一面板2和第二面板4中的至少一个之间喷涂水基辅助物质12。
喷涂步骤H在粘合剂置入之后进行。
该特征允许调节粘合剂的固化速度，特别是在天气状况处于高温时，可以加快和改善固化速度。
水基辅助物质12实际上与聚氨酯粘合剂相互作用，从而加快了其固化速度。
这样，可以将半成品7传送到流程的后续步骤，减少等待时间，从而提高了流程的生产率。
有利地，水基辅助物质12是水型的，但是不能排除其他不同的水型物质，例如，添加的水性混合物或其他水基物质。
在本实施例中，施加步骤是通过将装饰涂层9施加到裸露面表面2a和4a上进行的。
然后进行分段步骤，未在图中示出，通过切割第一面板2、第二面板4、条状物5和片状物6以进行尺寸调整。
粘合剂的热熔分配步骤在第一面板2的安装表面2b上执行，以与中间层3关联，然后执行将中间层3重叠在第一面板2上的重叠步骤，使得各自的周边重合，预先将第一面板2放置在工作台上且裸露面2a朝下。
将中间层3重叠在第一面板2上的重叠步骤S包括将条状物5放置在第一面板2的两个平行侧上，然后将片状物6放置在条状物5之间。
随后，在第二面板4的安装表面4b上实施粘合剂的热熔分配步骤，目的在于将第二面板4连接至中间层3，然后在中间层3上实施第二面板4的重叠步骤S，使得各自的周边重合，从而获得平坦的半成品7，其中，第二面板4布置成将其裸露面4a向上。
为了将粘合剂在安装表面2b和4b上进行分配，可以使用常规类型的热操作辊涂机。
对粘合剂的加热允许其保持流体状态，以便将其均匀地分布在第一面板2和第二面板4上而不损坏它们。
可替代地，可以在中间层3的相对表面上进行热分配粘合剂的步骤。
进行粘合剂热分配的同时或紧随其后，将水12喷洒在已施加聚氨酯粘合剂的同一表面上。
半成品7在短时间内传送到冷却成形步骤Z以获得弯曲部件1。
该步骤包括冷压处理，通过在室温下施加介于1Kg/cm2至6Kg/cm2之间的压力，将半成品7保持1至7分钟的时间来进行。
通过施加4Kg/cm2的压力，例如，大约为3分钟就可能稳定地获得所期望的曲率。
可以使用传统的静态压力机施压，通过将半成品7放入模具8中，并在压力P的作用下，在室温下将其放在压力机中封闭预设时间。
将半成品7放置在模具8内，其中使条状物5和片状物6定向为平行于将要获得的弯曲轮廓的生成器。
模具8成形为使半成品7具有期望的弯曲轮廓，并由具有下凹圆柱形的下固定部8a以及具有凸出圆柱形的上活动部8b组成。
在这种情况下，执行分段步骤以使第一面板2、中间层3和第二面板4达到模具8的尺寸。
可替代地，可以使用常规类型的仿形辊进行压制，从而可以通过快速固化所用粘合剂来获得连可连续生产的附加优点。
在成型步骤Z结束时，设想了一个静置步骤，即，事先从模具8中取出的弯曲部件1必须等待几个小时，然后才能进一步加工，以确保粘合剂的完全固化。
作为所述方法的替代方案，可以设想在成型步骤Z下游，将装饰涂层9施加到裸露表面2a，4a的一个或两个上，如图2所示。
此外，不能排除在获得半成品7之后进行施加装饰涂层9步骤的方案。
有用地，该方法包括针对周边边缘13至少一部分的卷边步骤B，其适于用涂层边缘11覆盖该部分。
卷边步骤B设想为将多个涂层条胶合到周边边缘13的侧面上，以产生涂层边缘11。
此外，该方法包括对周边边缘13至少一部分的覆盖步骤R，该覆盖步骤R适于利用涂层9的卷边部分10覆盖周边边缘13。
特别地，覆盖步骤R通过能够执行已知的后成型技术的后成型机进行。
后成型机适于处理周边边缘13和涂层9的一部分以获得涂层本身的卷边部分10。
通过后成型获得的卷边部分10弯曲并胶粘到周边边缘13，从而将其覆盖。
作为后成型的替代方案，覆盖步骤R可通过压辊进行，该步骤适于将覆盖边缘包裹并压制在要覆盖的周边边缘13部分上。
在部件的边缘限定为矩形周边边缘13的情况下，在矩形的短边上执行卷边步骤B，而在长边上执行覆盖步骤R(后成型或卷边)。
不能排除其中没有设想覆盖步骤R，而只设想了整个周边边缘13的卷边步骤B的情况。
有利地，根据本发明的方法可消除上述工作环境中操作者的健康风险。
此外，由于该方法不需要在成型步骤中加热，因此，如果使用的压机具有一个以上的隔室，则可以生产比传统模具更长、或者数倍于目前高度的模具。
在某些权利要求中提到的技术特征后附有附图标记的情况下，这些参考标记仅出于增强对权利要求的理解的目的，因此，此类附图标记对通过以下列方式标识的每个元件的解释没有限制作用。

Claims (9)

1.弯曲家具部件的生产方法，包括：
-重叠步骤(S)，将木制、塑料或金属材料的第一面板(2)、至少一个中间分隔层(3)和木制、塑料或金属材料的第二面板(4)进行重叠，以获得具有周边边缘(13)的扁平半成品(7)；
-置入步骤，在所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)之间置入聚氨酯型粘合剂，通过在所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)表面对所述粘合剂进行热分配，以适用于将所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)与所述中间层(3)关联，或者通过在所述中间层(3)的表面对所述粘合剂进行热分配，以适用于将所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)关联；以及
-半成品冷却成型步骤(Z)，以获得弯曲的部件(1)；
其特征在于，所述方法包括喷涂步骤(H)，在所述中间层(3)与所述第一面板(2)和所述第二面板(4)中的至少一个之间喷涂水基辅助物质(12)，随后置入所述粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成型步骤(Z)包括将所述半成品(7)在1-6Kg/cm2压力下冷压1-7分钟。
3.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：施加步骤，将装饰涂层(9)施加到所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)中至少一个的裸露表面上。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括对所述周边边缘(13)至少一部分的卷边步骤(B)，以适用于通过用涂层边缘(11)覆盖所述周边边缘(13)。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括对所述周边边缘(13)的至少一部分进行的覆盖步骤(R)，以适用于通过所述涂层(9)的卷边部分(10)覆盖所述周边边缘(13)。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间层(3)包括两个大体上平行布置的条状物(5)，在所述条状物(5)之间放置由蜂窝状纸或泡沫聚合物材料制成的片状物(6)，所述条状物和所述片状物(6)具有大体相同的厚度。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法获得的弯曲家具部件(1)，其特征在于，包括木制、塑料或金属材料的第一面板(2)、至少一个中间分隔层(3)以及木制、塑料或金属材料的第二面板(4)，彼此重叠并通过置入聚氨酯型粘合剂而连接在一起，所述部件(1)具有弯曲的轮廓。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的部件(1)，其特征在于，所述第一面板(2)和第二面板(4)中的至少一个具有与装饰涂层(9)一体结合的相应的裸露表面(2a，4a)，并包括至少部分地覆盖有所述装饰涂层(9)的卷边部分(10)的周边边缘(13)。
9.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的部件(1)，其特征在于，包括至少部分覆盖有涂层边缘(11)的周边边缘(13)。
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