CN111194242A - 通过与疏水性磁性颗粒的附聚精选石墨颗粒 - Google Patents
通过与疏水性磁性颗粒的附聚精选石墨颗粒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111194242A CN111194242A CN201880063001.7A CN201880063001A CN111194242A CN 111194242 A CN111194242 A CN 111194242A CN 201880063001 A CN201880063001 A CN 201880063001A CN 111194242 A CN111194242 A CN 111194242A
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- 229910052654 sanidine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
- B03C1/01—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种精选石墨颗粒的方法,其包括:a)提供含有石墨颗粒和不希望材料的原料,b)将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料中,这得到包含磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的附聚物的负载的原料中,以及c)通过磁场将附聚物由负载的原料分离,这得到分离的附聚物。
Description
本发明涉及一种精选(concentrating)石墨颗粒的方法,该方法包括:提供含有石墨颗粒和不希望材料的原料;将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料,这得到包含磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的附聚物的负载的原料;和通过磁场由负载的原料中分离出附聚物,这得到分离的附聚物。本发明还涉及包含石墨颗粒、疏水性磁性颗粒和收集剂的附聚物。
石墨为许多应用的重要原材料,并且已知各种开采石墨矿石的方法。石墨还可以由各种含碳原材料合成。
石墨矿石浮选通常是已知的,且通常必需数个纯化步骤以获得石墨矿石精矿(concentrate)。
Shujuan和Meng,Adv.J.Food Sci.and Technology,6(2014),989-993公开了一种包括3个细鳞状石墨的浮选步骤的方法。
AU 199060937公开了使用表面活性剂分散体加工石墨矿石以由不希望的脉石材料剥离石墨颗粒。所得释放出的石墨通过使用煤油作为收集剂和起沫剂化学品的泡沫浮选回收。
US 2012684公开了以循环过程通过用亚硫酸氢铵处理而通过石墨矿石的机械处理获得的石墨矿石精矿的纯化。
US 2914383描述了通过含氟或含氯气体的作用纯化石墨矿石。
本发明的目的是找到一种避免现有技术的缺点如使用起沫剂化学品或腐蚀性化学品如硫酸氢盐或卤素的精选石墨的方法和一种在单个步骤中提供高度富集的石墨的方法。
该目的通过一种精选石墨颗粒的方法解决,该方法包括:
a)提供含有石墨颗粒和不希望材料的原料,
b)将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料,这得到含有磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的附聚物的负载的原料,和
c)通过磁场由负载的原料中分离出附聚物,这得到分离的附聚物。
该目的还通过一种包含石墨颗粒、疏水性磁性颗粒和收集剂的附聚物解决。
精选石墨颗粒的方法通常使原料中的石墨颗粒的浓度提高至1.1-100,优选2-20倍。
步骤a)
在步骤a)中,提供含有石墨颗粒和不希望材料的原料。
石墨优选是指化学元素碳的六方或三方结晶多层晶型。石墨可具有2.1-2.3的密度,约3750℃的升华点或约1的硬度。稠合平面C6环的平行层通常构成石墨的晶体结构。各碳原子可在层平面中以120°角与3个相邻碳原子连接。在六方石墨晶格中,第三层正好设置在第一层下方(-A-B-A-B-序列),且在三方石墨晶格中,第四层正好设置在第一层下方(-A-B-C-A-B-C-序列)。石墨可为多层晶型的,这是指石墨可包含至少2个层,优选至少3个层,特别是至少10个层。
原料可基于天然石墨矿石或来自人为来源。天然石墨矿石通常含有其他矿物组分如石英、云母、片麻岩和长石。作为来自人为来源的合适原料,可以是电子废料或电池组废料。电池组废料可含有粉末形式的阳极和阴极电极材料。优选地,原料基于天然石墨矿石、电子废料或电池组废料。
在另一形式中,石墨还是指被称为石墨烯的碳的六方单层晶型。石墨烯可通过氧化石墨的还原或热解、通过钠和乙醇的溶剂热合成或通过有机溶剂的剥离而制备。这些反应混合物或粗产物也适合作为原料。在一个优选形式中,术语石墨不含石墨烯。
原料通常包含至少0.1重量%,优选至少1重量%,更优选至少3重量%,特别是至少20重量%的石墨。原料通常包含1-99重量%的石墨,优选10-80重量%的石墨。
来自电池组废料的原料可含有1-80重量%,优选3-50重量%,特别是1-15重量%的石墨。
石墨颗粒包含石墨。石墨颗粒通常包含至少50重量%,优选至少70重量%,特别是至少90重量%的石墨。在另一形式中,石墨颗粒基本由石墨组成。
原料可经预处理使得主要含有由粘附的不希望材料中释放出的石墨颗粒。该类预处理可包括研磨和筛分或筛选阶段,其可在研磨和筛选回路中组合。通过浮选或载体浮选的预处理也是可能的。
存在的原料可含有磁性或可磁化材料,例如铁磁性、亚铁磁性(ferrimagnetic)或顺磁性材料(例如磁性金属如铁、钴、镍,或磁性合金如铁素体或铁稀土磁性合金或磁性矿物如磁铁矿、赤铁矿、磁黄铁矿)。可使原料经受磁力分离以移除磁性或可磁化材料。原料通常包含至多10重量%,优选至多5重量%,特别是至多1重量%的磁性或可磁化颗粒。
石墨颗粒通常具有能使该颗粒有效地与磁铁矿颗粒附聚的平均直径。在一个优选实施方案中,石墨颗粒的D50为1nm至1mm,优选0.1μm至500μm,最优选1μm至50μm。石墨颗粒的平均直径可通过激光衍射测量测定,例如使用Mastersizer 2000或3000以软件版本5.12G的激光衍射测量测定,其中使样品分散于水或醇中。石墨颗粒的粒度可以在使用前通过粉碎或研磨降低。
合适的不希望材料可含有金属、亲水性金属化合物或亲水性半金属化合物。不希望材料可包括金属氧化物或半金属氧化物、包含金属或半金属化合物的碳酸盐、包含金属或半金属化合物的硅酸盐、硫化金属或半金属化合物、羟基金属或半金属化合物或其混合物。这些材料可以矿物陶瓷或玻璃的形式存在。
典型的金属氧化物或半金属氧化物包括但不限于二氧化硅(SiO2),硅酸盐,铝硅酸盐,例如长石、钠长石(Na(Si3Al)O8),云母,例如白云母(KAl2[(OH,F)2AlSi3O10]),石榴石(Mg,Ca,FeII)3(Al,FeIII)2(SiO4)3以及其他相关的矿物及其混合物。不希望材料可以选自SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、MgO、P2O3、ZrO2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、CeO2、Cr2O3、复合氧化物基质及其混合物。
在电子废料或电池组废料中,不希望材料可包括塑料、铜、银、金、陶瓷、玻璃、阴极材料,例如锌、氧化锂锰、氧化锂钴,氧化锂镍,各种化学计量比的锂镍钴锰氧化物或各种化学计量比的锂镍钴铝氧化物。
原料可为分散体,优选水分散体。术语分散体可包括悬浮液和悬浮乳液。分散体的连续相通常包含至少50重量%,优选至少80重量%,特别是至少90重量%的水。分散体的固体含量可为3-50重量%,优选10-45重量%。术语“分散体”是指包含超过一个相的物质,其中至少一个相由通常以胶体尺寸范围分散在整个连续相中的细碎相域组成。
原料可进一步含有收集剂。合适收集剂选择地在石墨颗粒上形成一个疏水层。收集剂通常已知用于浮选过程。优选收集剂为非离子收集剂,其通常为在水中不离解的液态非极性化合物。
优选地,收集剂为烃。烃可为均一烃或烃混合物。在每种情况下在20℃下,烃的粘度可为0.1-100cP,优选0.5-5cP。烃可为矿物油、植物油、生物柴油、BtL(生物质制液态)燃料、煤液化的产物、GtL(天然气气制液态产物)过程的产物、长链醇及其混合物。收集剂优选为矿物油。
合适矿物油为原油衍生物和/或通过蒸馏由褐煤、硬煤、泥煤、木材、石油和合适的话其他矿物原材料产生的油。矿物油通常包括链烷烃(即饱和直链和支化烃),环烷烃(即饱和环状烃)和芳族烃的烃混合物。
优选的烃为选自柴油、石油、煤油或瓦斯油的原油衍生物。柴油基本基于矿物油,即柴油为通过蒸馏分馏矿物油中的馏分。柴油的主要组分主要为每分子具有约9-22个碳原子且沸程为170℃至390℃的链烷烃、环烷烃和芳族烃。
其他矿物油为轻粗柴油(沸点为235-300℃,取决于规格,还称为“柴油”、“柴油燃料”、“DF”、“轻加热油”、“LHO”),重瓦斯油(沸点300-375℃),以及(在美国)“2号燃料”。
长链醇通常为脂族C3-C30醇,优选脂族C8-C24醇,尤其是脂族C12-C18醇,例如十二烷醇。
植物油通常为由油装置获得的脂肪和脂肪油。植物油例如包括甘油三酯。适用于本发明目的的植物油例如选自向日葵油、菜籽油、红花油、大豆油、玉米油、花生油、橄榄油、鲱鱼油、棉籽油、棕榈油及其混合物。
生物柴油通常具有本领域技术人员已知的组成。生物柴油基本包含饱和C16-C18脂肪酸和不饱和C18脂肪酸的甲酯,特别是菜籽油的甲酯。
煤液化的产物可例如通过费-托法或萨索尔法获得。BtL和GtL方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
原料通常包含基于原料的干质量为至多15重量%,优选至多7重量%,特别是至多4重量%的收集剂(例如矿物油)。在另一形式中,原料通常包含基于原料的干质量为0.01-10重量%,优选0.1-5重量%,特别是0.2-3重量%的收集剂(例如矿物油)。在另一形式中,原料通常包含基于原料的干质量为至少0.05重量%,优选至少0.1重量%,特别是至少0.3重量%的收集剂(例如矿物油)。
可将收集剂以所需量加入原料中,或者其可已经存在于来自其他工艺步骤的原料中。例如,收集剂可源自含在废料料流(例如来自电动机、液压设备或冷却液或变压器液体(transformer liquid))中的废料油。优选地,收集剂以所需量加入原料中。
包含收集剂的原料可例如以搅拌器,转子-定子混合器循环泵送系统或混合物流中的静态混合物混合。混合通常在0.1-1000kWh/m3,优选1-700kWh/m3的比混合能下进行。
步骤b)
在步骤b)中,将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料中,这得到包含磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的附聚物的负载的原料。
合适磁性颗粒可选自磁性金属,优选铁及其合金,钴,镍及其混合物;磁性金属的铁磁性或亚铁磁性合金,例如NdFeB、SmCo及其混合物;磁性铁氧化物,例如磁铁矿,磁性赤铁矿,六方铁素体;立方铁素体及其混合物。优选地,磁性颗粒为磁性铁氧化物,特别是磁铁矿。
磁性颗粒通常具有能使该颗粒有效地与石墨颗粒附聚的平均直径。在一个优选实施方案中,磁性颗粒的D50为1nm至1mm,优选0.1μm至50μm,最优选1μm至20μm。措辞“D50”是指50重量%相应颗粒的直径小于所述值。磁性颗粒的平均直径可通过激光衍射测量测定,尤其是使用Mastersizer 2000以软件版本5.12G的激光衍射测量测定,其中使样品分散于Na4P2O7的水溶液中。磁性颗粒如磁铁矿的粒度可以在使用前通过粉碎或研磨降低。
要在本发明方法中施加的磁性颗粒的量通常可以以全部量的石墨颗粒有利地可通过与磁性颗粒附聚而分离的方式测定。在一个优选实施方案中,磁性颗粒以基于干石墨颗粒和不希望材料的重量为0.01-100重量%,优选0.1-20重量%,特别优选0.5-10重量%,最优选1-5重量%的量加入。
磁性颗粒为疏水性磁性颗粒。磁性颗粒通常在其表面上经疏水化,即为疏水化的磁性颗粒。优选地,磁性颗粒已通过用疏水化试剂处理而疏水化,其中优选用疏水化试剂处理的磁性颗粒在颗粒表面与水之间与空气的接触角优选大于30°,更优选大于60°,甚至更优选大于90°,特别优选大于140°。优选地,磁性颗粒在加入原料之前已用疏水化试剂预处理。
疏水化试剂通常可为使磁性颗粒的表面比处理之前的磁性颗粒的表面更疏水的任何试剂。已知合适疏水化试剂和通过用疏水化试剂处理而制备疏水性磁性颗粒的方法,例如WO2016/083491第19页第21行至第27页第30行或WO2015/110555第7页第9行到第11页第32行中列出的那些。
疏水化试剂的实例为
-聚有机硅氧烷;
-烷基硅酸盐,例如碱金属或碱土金属C1-6烷基硅酸盐,特别是甲基硅酸盐;
-烷基三氯硅烷,例如C6-12烷基三氯硅烷;
-烷基三甲氧基硅烷,例如C6-12烷基三甲氧基硅烷;
-烷基膦酸,例如C6-18烷基膦酸,特别是辛基膦酸;
-单或二烷基磷酸酯,例如C6-18单或二烷基磷酸酯;
-脂肪酸,例如C6-18脂肪酸,特别是月桂酸、油酸、硬脂酸;
或其混合物。
疏水化试剂优选为聚有机硅氧烷。聚有机硅氧烷(也称为聚硅氧烷)通常具有式[RmSi(O)4-m/2]n,其中m为1-3,n为至少2,且R为有机残基,例如甲基、乙基或苯基。聚有机硅氧烷可为直链、环状或支化的。合适聚有机硅氧烷及其制备由Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,第32卷,条目“Silicones”,Wiley-VCH,2012,第675-712页已知。
合适聚有机硅氧烷为硅油、硅橡胶、硅树脂或嵌段和接枝聚有机硅氧烷共聚物,其中更优选硅油和硅树脂。
硅油(也称为硅流体)通常为通常具有2-4000个单体单元的直链聚有机硅氧烷。合适硅油为甲基硅油,甲基苯基硅油,氟硅油,甲基氢硅油或甲基烷基硅油。优选的硅油为甲基硅油和甲基苯基硅油。
合适的甲基硅油为直链聚二甲基硅氧烷,其分子质量可为500-200,000g/mol。合适甲基苯基硅油为直链聚二甲基硅氧烷,其中甲基部分地被苯基取代,并且其分子质量可为500-200,000g/mol。
有机硅树脂通常为分子量小于15,000g/mol,优选小于10,000g/mol的支化聚有机硅氧烷。有机硅树脂通常可溶于有机溶剂如甲苯。优选的有机硅树脂为MQ、TD和T型有机硅树脂。有机硅树脂通常通过有机氯硅烷如甲基三氯硅烷、苯基三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷和二苯基二氯硅烷的水解或醇解制备。
优选地,疏水化试剂为有机硅树脂,例如具有式[RmSi(O)4-m/2]n的支化聚有机硅氧烷,其中m为1.1-3,n为至少10,且R为分子量小于10,000g/mol的有机残基如甲基或苯基。
合适的嵌段和接枝聚有机硅氧烷共聚物为聚有机硅氧烷-聚醚嵌段聚合物,其中聚醚嵌段可含有聚乙二醇和/或聚丙二醇;或聚有机硅氧烷与乙烯基单体(如苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯或乙酸乙烯酯)的接枝聚合物。
负载的原料可为分散体,优选水分散体。分散体的连续相通常包含至少50重量%,优选至少80重量%,特别是至少90重量%的水。分散体的固体含量可为3-50重量%,优选10-45重量%。通常当原料为分散体时,则负载的原料也是分散体。优选地,原料和负载的原料为水分散体。
将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料中产生负载的原料,其含有磁性颗粒、石墨颗粒和任选地收集剂的附聚物。
原料或负载的原料还可包括其他物质。这些额外材料可包含技术人员已知的用于改善颗粒的分散、其表面电荷和分散介质的化学性质(例如pH值和氧化还原电位)的任何添加剂。原料或负载的原料的水分散体的pH值通常可为约2至约13,优选约4至约12。
步骤a)、b)和c)可在约10至约60℃的温度下,优选在环境温度下进行。
负载的原料中的机械能输入,优选机械剪切能输入可有助于附聚物的形成。
机械能的传递可通过任何装置来实现。例如机械能的传递可通过单个搅拌器或搅拌器设置来实现。额外地或替换地,机械能的传递可通过在混合容器中产生湍流的流动产生器如泵来实现,借助湍流可将机械能传递至分散介质、第一类型颗粒、第二类型颗粒和磁体类型颗粒的混合物中。
可将机械剪切能通过不同装置引入负载的原料中。通常,它通过一个搅拌容器进行,该容器可含有挡板以使能量利用更有效。其他装置是研磨集料如球磨机或任何类型的搅拌球磨机。还可使用转子定子混合装置或在密闭循环中泵送含有负载的原料的容器中的内容物。如果可以引入正确量的能量,则分散体的湍流通过由泵或重力输送的管道还将产生所需附聚。静态混合器和逆流混合器是将剪切能引入分散体的另一方法。
对于间歇过程,附聚可在附聚体积中进行。在该情况下,将混合物置于体积,并例如搅拌直至实现所需附聚。此后,使混合物由附聚体积释放出来。对于连续流动过程,附聚也可以在附聚体积中进行。在该情况下,将混合物连续地供入含有搅拌器的体积并由其释放。所需附聚可通过控制进出搅拌体积的进料速率,即分散体在搅拌体积中的平均停留时间而控制。在给定的搅拌功率下,平均停留时间决定了分散体的剪切能利用率。
步骤c)
在步骤c)中,通过磁场将附聚物由负载的原料分离,这得到分离的附聚物。
通过磁场的附聚物的分离(也称为磁力分离)可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法进行。合适磁力分离器是转鼓式分离器、高强度或低强度磁力分离器、连续带式分离器等。永磁体或电磁体可用于产生磁场。磁力分离可以通过例如由Jan Svoboda"MagneticTechniques for the Treatment of Materials"(2004)所述的连续或半连续磁力分离技术进行。
合适磁力分离器为如本领域已知的LIMS(低强度磁力分离器)、MIMS(中等强度磁力分离器)或WHIMS(湿高强度磁力分离器)类型。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,分离器为MIMS或WHIMS类型的。用于磁力分离的典型设备公开于WO 2011/131411、WO 2011/134710、WO 2011/154178、DE 10 2010 023 130、DE 20 2011 104 707、WO 2011/107353、DE10 2010 061 952、WO 2012/116909、WO 2012/107274、WO 2012/104292或WO 2013/167634。磁力分离器优选进一步包括至少一个磁体,该磁体可沿着管道移动。磁力分离器优选逆流操作,即磁场的移动与悬浮液的流动方向相反。磁场的场强可为至少0.1特斯拉,优选至少0.3特斯拉,特别是至少0.5特斯拉。
在一个优选实施方案中,磁力分离设备允许在分离过程中用分散剂,优选水洗涤附聚物。洗涤优选允许由附聚物移除惰性材料。
该磁力分离步骤可以重复,特别是通过使前述分离步骤的非磁性产物通过连续的分离路径重复流动或通过调制磁场来重复。在该连续的分离步骤(本领域中称为清除)中,可以在如上文对步骤b)所述的磁力分离阶段之前加入其他量的收集剂和/或疏水性磁性颗粒。可在第一次分离之后并且在第二次分离之前搅拌附聚物,使得可释放出捕获的第二类型颗粒,并且可使其在第二分离步骤中分离(在本领域中称为清洁)。
步骤d)
精选石墨颗粒的方法可以进一步包括将分离的附聚物分解以分别获得磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的步骤d)。
通常进行分离的附聚物的分解和石墨颗粒与磁性颗粒的分离,从而再循环磁性颗粒。可以通过施加磁场来分离石墨颗粒和磁性颗粒。如以上文对附聚物由负载的原料分离所述,磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的分离也可以进行一次或多次,任选地在分离步骤之间进行搅拌和去捕集。
分解可通过加入裂解剂来实现。裂解剂可包括有机溶剂、碱性化合物、酸性化合物、氧化剂、还原剂、表面活性剂或其混合物。优选地,裂解剂包括水和表面活性剂的混合物。
作为裂解剂的有机溶剂的实例是醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇如正丙醇或异丙醇;芳族溶剂,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯类;醚,例如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚;酮,例如丙酮;芳族或脂族烃,例如具有例如6-10个碳原子的饱和烃,例如十二烷,柴油燃料及其混合物。柴油燃料的主要组分主要是每分子具有约9-22个碳原子且沸程在170℃至390℃之间的链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃。
酸性化合物可为无机酸,例如HCl、H2SO4、HNO3或其混合物,有机酸,例如羧酸。
作为氧化剂,可以使用H2O2,例如浓度为30重量%的水溶液。
碱性化合物的实例为碱性化合物的水溶液,例如碱金属和/或碱土金属氢氧化物如KOH或NaOH的水溶液;石灰水,氨水溶液,有机胺水溶液。
表面活性剂的实例为非离子、阴离子、阳离子和/或两性离子表面活性剂。在一个优选实施方案中,裂解通过使用优选浓度在临界胶束浓度或以上范围内的可生物降解和/或非离子表面活性剂进行。优选地,裂解剂为非离子表面活性剂,其基于总液相的重量以0.001-10重量%,优选0.01-1重量%的量加入。表面活性剂浓度优选至少大于其临界胶束浓度(CMC),更优选至少为其CMC的两倍。
该分解还可以机械方式辅助,例如通过超声或搅拌。
本发明进一步涉及包含石墨颗粒、疏水性磁性颗粒和收集剂的附聚物。
附聚物的组分可基于疏水相互作用而粘在一起。附聚物通常具有足够的磁性,使得当附聚物流经外部磁体时,外部磁场,例如可借助强CoSm永磁体产生的外部磁场可至少仍使这些附聚物磁偏转。附聚物内的疏水相互作用通常足够强以使其在所述流动速度下保持稳定,即不分裂。
附聚物可包含0.1-99.99重量%,优选1-80重量%的石墨颗粒。
附聚物可包含0.01-99.9重量%,优选20-99%的疏水磁性颗粒。
附聚物可包含0.01-90重量%,优选1-50%的收集剂。
实施例
实施例1
a)原料
将来自欧洲矿床的根据XRD分析含有20%石墨和0.03%碳酸盐形式的碳以及作为主要结晶组分的钙钠长石形式的长石、透长石、石英、磁黄铁矿和黑云母的石墨矿石研磨至20μm的粒度D50。将20g(19.9g干质量)该研磨的矿石分散于60g过滤的河水中,然后加入100mg烃收集剂(直链、支化和环状烷烃的工业混合物(主要为C9-11),芳族化合物含量小于2%,初沸点为160℃)(基于干原料质量为0.5重量%)。此后,将该分散体在具有UltraT25搅拌器的具有挡板的烧杯中以10000rpm(比能输入为约600kWh/m3)剧烈混合10分钟。
b)附聚
根据WO2015/110555的实施例1基于具有4μm的D50的磁铁矿颗粒和聚有机硅氧烷(固体甲基有机硅树脂,熔点为35-55℃,平均组成为约[CH3SiO1.5]100,分子量Mw为约6700g/mol)制备干燥的疏水性磁铁矿颗粒。
将疏水性磁铁矿颗粒(0.6g)悬浮于3.6g 0.1重量%乙氧基化烷醇(液体,浊点为约55℃,在水中1%,根据EN 1890)的水溶液中。
向步骤a)的所得原料中加入0.6g疏水性磁铁矿颗粒的悬浮液并在室温下在具有挡板的烧杯中通过30mm间距的桨叶搅拌器以1400rpm搅拌15分钟(比能输入为约0.7kWh/m3)。
c)磁力分离
将所得分散体以6l/h的速度泵送至磁场强度为0.7T的装备有4x2mm楔形线基质的湿高强度磁力分离器(WHIMS)实验室规模的磁力分离器(可由英国Eriez MagneticsEurope Ltd.商购)。在进料加料完成后,用水冲洗基质。作为非磁性尾渣收集组合的分散体和冲洗水。此后,切断磁场,并由基质冲洗去含有磁铁矿石墨附聚物的磁性部分,得到磁性精矿。分析结果总结于表1中。石墨含量通过样品在空气中的燃烧以及测定产生的二氧化碳的量测定。
证实石墨颗粒由石墨矿石中的20%提高至磁性精矿中的43.6%。
表1
非磁性尾渣 | 磁性精矿 | |
干质量 | 11.59g | 8.90g |
石墨含量 | 1.0% | 43.6% |
石墨回收率 | 3.1% | 96.1% |
实施例2
使用实施例1中的实验条件,不同的是使用20.1g干物质形式的进料和500mg烃收集剂(基于干原料质量为2.5重量%)。
分析结果总结于表2中。
表2
非磁性尾渣 | 磁性精矿 | |
干质量 | 11.88g | 8.84g |
石墨含量 | <0.5% | 46.1% |
石墨回收率 | <1.4% | >98,6% |
Claims (17)
1.一种精选石墨颗粒的方法,包括
a)提供含有石墨颗粒和不希望材料的原料,
b)将疏水性磁性颗粒加入原料,这得到含有磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒的附聚物的负载的原料,和
c)通过磁场由负载的原料中分离出附聚物,这得到分离的附聚物。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其进一步包括d)使分离的附聚物分解以分别获得磁性颗粒和石墨颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中原料为分散体,优选水分散体。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中原料进一步含有收集剂,其在石墨颗粒上选择性地形成疏水层。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中收集剂为选自矿物油、植物油、生物柴油、BtL(生物质制液态)燃料、煤液化的产物、GtL(天然气气制液态产品)过程的产物、长链醇及其混合物的烃。
6.根据权利要求4或5的方法,其中原料包含基于原料的干质量为0.1-10重量%的收集剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中原料包含5-99重量%的石墨。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其中将磁性颗粒以基于干燥石墨颗粒和不希望材料的重量0.01-100重量%,优选0.1-20重量%,特别优选0.5-10重量%的量加入原料中。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中原料基于天然石墨矿石、电子废料或电池组废料。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的方法,其中不希望材料包括亲水性金属化合物或亲水性半金属化合物。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中使原料经受磁力分离以移除磁性或可磁化材料。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项的方法,其中原料中的石墨颗粒的浓度通过该方法提高至1.1-100倍。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项的方法,其中疏水性磁性颗粒通过用选自聚有机硅氧烷、烷基硅酸盐、烷基三氯硅烷、烷基三甲氧基硅烷、烷基膦酸、单或二烷基磷酸酯、脂肪酸或其混合物的疏水化试剂处理而疏水化。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任一项的方法,其中石墨颗粒的平均直径D50为1nm至1mm。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项的方法,其中磁性颗粒包括磁性金属、磁性金属的铁磁性或亚铁磁性合金、磁性铁氧化物、立方铁素体或其混合物。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项的方法,其中石墨颗粒包含石墨,所述石墨为化学元素碳的六方或三方结晶多层晶型。
17.如权利要求1-16中任一项所定义的附聚物,包含石墨颗粒、疏水性磁性颗粒和收集剂。
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PCT/EP2018/075152 WO2019063354A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2018-09-18 | CONCENTRATION OF GRAPHITE PARTICLES BY AGGLOMERATION WITH HYDROPHOBIC MAGNETIC PARTICLES |
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EP (1) | EP3687696B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7317812B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102594228B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN111194242A (zh) |
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FI (1) | FI3687696T3 (zh) |
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JP7317812B2 (ja) | 2023-07-31 |
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FI3687696T3 (fi) | 2023-05-04 |
US20200290880A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
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