CN111187118A - Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as raw material and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as raw material and application Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon-based fertilizer, in particular to a method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection and fertilizer production. The carbon-based fertilizer is prepared by mixing composite biomass charcoal and organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 15-60%, the composite biomass charcoal is prepared by carbonizing perishable garbage serving as a raw material, and the pH value is usually 7.5-9.5. The effective nutrient of the carbon-based fertilizer is more than or equal to 15 wt%, the total C content is 35-45wt%, and the pH value is 6.5-8.0. The effective nutrient means N, P2O5、K2And (4) the content of O. The preparation method of the carbon-based fertilizer changes perishable garbage into valuable, and respectively utilizes the perishable garbageThe carbon-based fertilizer is rich in nutrients, and has the nutrient requirements of crops and the slow release property of the organic fertilizer, so that the yield of the crops can be improved, and the problem of difficulty in treatment and resource utilization of perishable garbage in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon-based fertilizer, in particular to a method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection and fertilizer production.
Background
Garbage disposal is one of the major environmental protection problems which are being researched and solved in various countries in the world, and the reduction, harmless and recycling treatment of household garbage is the main development direction of the household garbage disposal in the world.
The perishable garbage is mainly derived from domestic garbage such as agricultural production and kitchen waste, and comprises various organic matters such as excrement, dregs, filter mud, kitchen and vegetable market garbage, and also belongs to waste biomass. Such waste biomass is easily rotted and deteriorated in natural environment, and becomes a pollution source which hinders normal production and life, causing environmental pollution. The perishable garbage contains huge material wealth, and can be used as fuel, feed, fertilizer and industrial raw materials. The treatment and resource utilization of the perishable garbage with large and centralized amount have certain technical difficulty, are limited by factors such as investment benefits and the like, and also need to do a large amount of work, in particular to need an appropriate technology with simple and harmless resource utilization method, large treatment amount and wide application range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material, which aims to solve the problem that the perishable garbage is difficult to treat and recycle in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared by mixing composite biomass charcoal and organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 15-60%, the composite biomass charcoal is prepared by carbonizing perishable garbage serving as a raw material, and the pH value is usually 7.5-9.5. The effective nutrient of the carbon-based fertilizer is more than or equal to 15 wt%, the total C content is 35-45wt%, and the pH value is 6.5-8.0. The effective nutrient means N, P2O5、K2And (4) the content of O. Furthermore, the composite biomass charcoal is prepared by carbonizing perishable garbage serving as a raw material and spraying a proper amount of wood vinegar.
The invention fully utilizes the nutrient characteristics of various waste biomasses, applies carbonization technology and aerobic fermentation composting technology to produce the carbon-based organic fertilizer which has no chemical fertilizer addition, high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content, reasonable proportion, lasting fertilizer effect and soil improvement and restoration functions, and is novel green production data meeting the current agriculture and forestry planting requirements. Is suitable for fertilizing and improving various agricultural and forestry utilization lands. In the aspect of environmental protection, the problems of treatment and resource utilization of organic wastes such as perishable garbage are solved; in the aspect of cultivation fertilizer efficiency, the fertilizer has rich phosphorus and potassium content and obvious fertilizer efficiency slow release performance, and has the characteristics of promoting the growth of crop roots, improving the fruit setting rate and fruit quality and reducing the heavy metal accumulation of crop seeds; in soil improvement, soil organic matters are increased, the pH value of soil is increased, soil pores are increased, and water and fertilizer conservation is promoted.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of the composite biomass charcoal in the charcoal-based fertilizer is 20-30%; the optimal mass ratio of the composite biomass charcoal to the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer is 1: 3.
Preferably, the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer has pH of 6.0-8.0, total nitrogen of 1.7-2.0%, total phosphorus of 1.8-2.5% and organic matter content of 70-80%.
Preferably, the organic waste in the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer comprises more than three of livestock and poultry manure, straws, mushroom residues and silkworm excrement.
Preferably, the organic waste in the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer comprises
In the formula, the straw is used for providing fiber content, the mushroom residue is used for providing nutrients and proper fibers, and the silkworm excrement is used for providing nutrients. The optimal weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, the straws, the mushroom residues and the silkworm excrement is 45:5:40:10 by comprehensively considering the nutrient proportion, the texture and the fermentation process factors.
A method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material comprises the following steps:
A. preparing the composite biomass charcoal: collecting perishable garbage, drying, air sieving, calcining at 400-600 deg.C in a biological carbonization furnace, carbonizing to obtain perishable garbage carbide, collecting pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization, naturally cooling, liquefying, and gas-liquid separating to obtain carbonized derivative-pyroligneous liquor; crushing the perishable garbage carbide to 2-5mm, and spraying wood vinegar; the carbon content of the composite biomass charcoal is more than or equal to 35 percent;
B. preparing an organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer: mixing the livestock and poultry manure after extrusion dehydration with straws, mushroom residues and silkworm excrement, putting the mixture into a fermentation bin, fermenting for more than 24 hours, controlling the water content of the livestock and poultry manure to be 40-60%, then removing the fermented materials in the fermentation bin out of the fermentation bin, performing secondary composting, and drying to obtain the organic waste aerobic fermented fertilizer;
C. preparing materials: and B, uniformly stirring the composite biomass charcoal prepared in the step A and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer prepared in the step B to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 25-60%.
In the preparation method of the carbon-based fertilizer, the perishable garbage comprises bone viscera, vegetable stem leaves, fruit peel and shell, tea residue, dead branches and fallen leaves, leftovers and the like; the livestock and poultry manure comes from a large-scale farm.
The spraying wood vinegar is a byproduct in the pyrolysis carbonization process, and mainly comprises water, acetic acid, phenols and mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg and the like, the wood vinegar is added into the carbon-based fertilizer, ① can enhance the antibacterial function of the carbon-based fertilizer, inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms for plant growth, kill pests such as root nodule nematodes and the like, reduce the dosage of pesticides and inhibit the growth of weeds, ② can improve the nutrient utilization rate of crops, is rich in mineral elements and promotes the growth of crops, ③ increases the humidity of the carbon, provides water and cools down to achieve the aim of recycling, ④ reduces the pH value of the carbon, preferably, in the step A, the dosage of the wood vinegar is 0.05-0.35% of the mass of the perishable garbage carbonized substance, and generally, the wood vinegar is diluted by 100 times by using water.
The compounding mechanism of the carbon-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) the perishable garbage carbide prepared from perishable garbage is mainly prepared from domestic organic wastes, so that the carbonized nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have higher nutrient content. 2) The composite of the perishable garbage carbide, the pyroligneous liquor and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer can improve the nutrient slow release property, improve the soil, promote and improve the growth of plant roots, improve the nutrient utilization rate, improve the fertilizer improvement effect of the organic fertilizer on the soil and realize the functions of carbon sequestration and emission reduction due to the existence of the perishable garbage carbide. The composite biomass charcoal prepared by compounding the wood vinegar and the biomass charcoal further improves the utilization rate of nitrogen and the porosity and the specific surface area of the charcoal.
Preferably, in the step A, the calcination temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the calcination process is protected by inert gas.
Preferably, in the step B, the secondary composting time is 25-27 days, and when the temperature of the compost pile body reaches above 65 ℃, the pile is turned, and the drying temperature is below 50 ℃.
Preferably, in the step B, the organic waste is fermented in a fermentation bin after being added with the commercial compound bacteria. The commercial compound microbial inoculum comprises one or more of bacillus, aspergillus japonicus, penicillium digitatum and aspergillus versicolor, and is a commercial product.
The application method of the carbon-based fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. base fertilizer application: the method is applied to crops such as strawberries, rice, tea gardens, bamboo forests, vegetables and the like, and 1500-year-old 2000kg/ha comprehensive deep ploughing is applied to the base;
B. topdressing and applying: in the topdressing season, 750-900kg/ha fertilizer is applied according to the requirements of crops by hole application or furrow application in greenhouse, tea garden, orchard, bamboo forest for bamboo shoots and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the preparation method of the carbon-based fertilizer changes perishable garbage into valuable, respectively utilizes the perishable garbage, livestock and poultry manure and silkworm excrement, obtains the carbon-based fertilizer with rich nutrients, and considers the nutrient requirements of crops and the slow release property of organic fertilizers, thereby improving the yield of the crops;
2. the carbon-based fertilizer has reasonable compatibility, is completely derived from organic wastes, can effectively reduce the fertilizer cost, and promotes the carbon-based fertilizer efficiency and the crop growth due to the addition of the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer and the addition of active microorganisms;
3. the application method of the carbon-based fertilizer fully exerts the characteristics of physicochemical property and long-acting property of nutrients of the carbon-based fertilizer, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is obviously improved;
4. the fertilizer mainly comprises biomass charcoal, has water and fertilizer retention property, can improve the soil structure, inhibit soil acidification and increase nutrient slow release property;
5. the fertilizer mainly takes biomass charcoal as a main material, and has the functions of passivating soil heavy metals, reducing crop heavy metal absorption and ensuring the safe production of agricultural products, so that the fertilizer has the function of a soil conditioner;
6. the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared by using the perishable garbage, the cost of the raw materials is relatively low, and through cost accounting, the carbon-based fertilizer prepared by the method has the advantages that the cost of the raw materials of the perishable garbage carbon is about 1 thousand yuan per ton, and the prices of the straw carbon and the like are as high as 4-5 thousand yuan, so the carbon-based fertilizer has great advantages in the aspect of raw material cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as raw material.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. The quantitative data in the following examples were set up in triplicate and the results averaged.
The core of the invention is to provide a method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material, wherein the process flow chart of one embodiment is shown in figure 1, which is called as a first embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing the composite biomass charcoal: collecting perishable garbage, drying, air sieving, calcining at 400-600 deg.C in a biological carbonization furnace, carbonizing to obtain perishable garbage carbide, collecting pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization, naturally cooling, liquefying, and gas-liquid separating to obtain carbonized derivative-pyroligneous liquor; and (3) crushing the perishable garbage carbide to 2-5mm, and spraying wood vinegar, wherein the dosage of the wood vinegar is 0.05-0.35% of the mass of the perishable garbage carbide. The pyroligneous liquor is diluted 100 times with water before use.
B. Preparing an organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer: mixing the livestock and poultry manure (with the water content of 40-60%) after extrusion dehydration with the straws, the mushroom residues and the silkworm excrement according to the weight ratio of 25-50: 2-10: 35-45: 8-12, fermenting for more than 24 hours, removing the fermented materials in the fermentation bin out of the fermentation bin, performing secondary composting, and drying to obtain the organic waste aerobic fermented fertilizer;
C. mixing the ingredients: uniformly stirring the composite biomass charcoal prepared in the step A and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer prepared in the step B to obtain a carbon-based fertilizer; wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 15-60%.
In the above method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer, the perishable garbage includes vegetable leaves, tea leaves, dead branches and fallen leaves, leftovers, fishbones and the like; the livestock and poultry manure comes from a large-scale farm.
The prepared carbon-based fertilizer has the effective nutrient of more than or equal to 15 wt%, the total C content of 35-45wt% and the pH of 6.5-8.0.
In order to verify the influence of addition of pyroligneous on the charing property of perishable garbage, the perishable garbage charing material (dry charcoal) prepared under the same experimental condition and the perishable garbage charing material sprayed with 0.15 percent pyroligneous (pyroligneous is diluted by 100 times with water in advance) are taken for data analysis, and the specific method is-the preparation of the composite biomass charcoal: collecting perishable garbage, drying, sieving, calcining at 500 deg.C in biological carbonization furnace, carbonizing to obtain perishable garbage carbide, collecting pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization, naturally cooling, liquefying, and gas-liquid separating to obtain carbonized derivative-pyroligneous liquor; and (4) crushing the perishable garbage carbide to 2-5mm, and spraying wood vinegar. The results of the data analysis are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of pyroligneous liquor addition on Perishable refuse char pore characteristics
TABLE 2 influence of addition of pyroligneous on nutrient elements of carbonized garbage
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the addition of pyroligneous liquor increases the porosity and specific surface area of the perishable waste char.
In order to find out the optimal raw material ratio of the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer, the livestock and poultry manure (with the water content of 40-60 percent), the straws, the mushroom residues and the silkworm excrement are taken to carry out aerobic fermentation (under the identical experimental conditions) according to the weight ratio shown in the table 3, and the specific method refers to the step B of the first embodiment. Experiments prove that after composting, indexes of humin carbon content and humin ratio of 45:5:40:10 are in the best level, and the humin carbon content and the humin ratio are the highest. Therefore, the optimal weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the straws to the mushroom residue to the silkworm excrement is 45:5:40: 10.
TABLE 3 ratio of humin carbon content to humin content of aerobic fermented fertilizer in different material ratios
In addition to the first embodiment, the second embodiment is obtained by further limiting the step B of the method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer from perishable waste as a raw material, and the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the step B, the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw, the mushroom residue and the silkworm excrement is 45:5:40: 10.
On the basis of the first specific embodiment, the raw material formula of the carbon-based fertilizer is further improved to obtain a third specific embodiment, and the difference between the third specific embodiment and the third specific embodiment is that in the step B, after livestock and poultry manure is extruded and dehydrated, straws, mushroom dregs, silkworm excrement and a compound microbial inoculum are added and then fermented in a fermentation bin, wherein the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the straws to the mushroom dregs to the silkworm excrement is 50: 8: 35: 12.
on the basis of the second specific embodiment, the raw material formula of the carbon-based fertilizer is further improved to obtain a fourth specific embodiment, and the difference between the fourth specific embodiment and the above specific embodiment is that in the step C and the blending and mixing, the following steps are carried out: and mixing the composite biomass charcoal and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 25:75, and uniformly stirring to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer. Under the mixture ratio, the carbon-based fertilizer has the best performance and is embodied as follows: the fertilizer has moderate pH value, high content of effective nutrients and relatively balanced proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
On the basis of the second specific embodiment, the raw material formula of the carbon-based fertilizer is further improved to obtain a fifth specific embodiment, and the difference between the fifth specific embodiment and the fifth specific embodiment is that in the step C and the blending and mixing, the following steps are performed: and mixing the composite biomass charcoal and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 60:40, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer.
On the basis of the second specific embodiment, the raw material formula of the carbon-based fertilizer is further improved to obtain a sixth specific embodiment, and the difference between the sixth specific embodiment and the above specific embodiment is that in the step C and the blending and mixing, the following steps are carried out: and mixing the composite biomass charcoal and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 20:80, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer.
On the basis of the second specific embodiment, the raw material formula of the carbon-based fertilizer is further improved to obtain a seventh specific embodiment, and the difference between the seventh specific embodiment and the above specific embodiment is that in the step C and the blending and mixing, the following steps are performed: and mixing the composite biomass charcoal and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 30:70, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer.
On the basis of the second specific embodiment, the process conditions of the method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using the perishable garbage as the raw material are further improved, in the step A, the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining process adopts inert gas for protection.
In a further preferable scheme, in the step B, the secondary composting time is 25 days, when the temperature of the compost pile body reaches more than 65 ℃, the pile is turned, and the drying temperature is below 50 ℃;
in a further preferable scheme, the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer has the pH value of 7.5-8.0, the total nitrogen content of 1.7-2.0%, the total phosphorus content of 1.8-2.5% and the organic matter content of 70-80%.
On the basis of the first specific embodiment, the method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using the perishable garbage as the raw material is further optimally defined to obtain an eighth specific embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing the composite biomass charcoal: collecting perishable garbage, drying, screening by using an air screen, calcining at the temperature of 550 ℃ in a biological carbonization furnace at 450-; the perishable garbage carbide is crushed to 2-5mm, and 150kg of pyroligneous diluted by 100 times with water is sprayed on each ton of perishable garbage carbide to obtain composite biomass charcoal for later use;
B. preparing an organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer: taking the livestock and poultry manure (with the water content of 40-60%) which is extruded and dehydrated, putting the livestock and poultry manure, straw, mushroom residue and silkworm excrement in a fermentation bin according to the weight ratio of 45:5:40:10 for fermentation for more than 24 hours, then removing the fermented materials in the fermentation bin out of the fermentation bin, carrying out secondary composting for 25-27 days, turning the compost when the temperature of the compost pile body reaches more than 65 ℃, drying at the temperature of below 50 ℃, and drying to obtain the organic waste aerobic fermented fertilizer;
C. mixing the ingredients: uniformly stirring the composite biomass charcoal prepared in the step A and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer prepared in the step B to obtain a carbon-based fertilizer; wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 25%.
The invention also provides an application method of the carbon-based fertilizer prepared by the invention, which comprises the following steps:
A. base fertilizer application: can be applied to crops such as strawberries, rice, tea gardens, bamboo forests, vegetables and the like, and 1500-cost 2000kg/ha (ha is hectare) full-face deep ploughing is applied to the base;
B. topdressing and applying: in the topdressing season, 750-900kg/ha fertilizer is applied according to the requirements of crops by hole application or furrow application in greenhouse, tea garden, orchard, bamboo forest for bamboo shoots and the like.
Application example 1
The application method of the carbon-based fertilizer comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil before the strawberry is rated and is applied at one time. And performing unified field management on each treatment and conventional fertilization.
1) Test method
The test area is located in Hangzhou area of Zhejiang province and belongs to subtropical monsoon climate. The test land is a facility greenhouse. General organic fertilizers and the carbon-based fertilizer are set in a test;
treating the commercial organic fertilizer, namely applying the fertilizer in a traditional mode, wherein the commercial organic fertilizer is 400kg/667m2(N、P2O5、K2O content of 1.7%, 2.6% and 1.5%, respectively), and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer of 3.4kg/667m2(containing K)2O 51％))；
Treating the carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the carbon-based fertilizer is 100kg/667m23.4kg/667m potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer2。
The pattern specifications were all 10m × 10m, and 3 repetitions were carried out, with 2m buffer bands being provided between adjacent patterns, for a total of 6 patterns.
2) Analysis of results
TABLE 4 influence of carbon-based fertilizer application on volume weight and pH value of strawberry cultivation soil
TABLE 5 influence of carbon-based fertilizer application on strawberry yield
| Average single fruit weight (g/piece) | Yield per plant (g/plant) | |
| Commercial organic fertilizer | 16.2±0.2 | 191.6±2.1 |
| Carbon-based fertilizer | 19.6±0.3 | 220.9±2.2 |
TABLE 6 influence of carbon-based fertilizer application on strawberry quality
| Treatment of | Soluble solids% | Soluble sugar% | Titratable acid% | Ratio of sugar to acid | Vc(mg/100gFW) |
| Commercial organic fertilizer | 11.5±0.7 | 8.3±0.6 | 0.9±0.02 | 9.2±0.6 | 64.1±2.16 |
| Carbon-based fertilizer | 12.3±0.3 | 9.8±1.1 | 0.70±0.05 | 14.1±0.6 | 72.4±3.2 |
From the influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil (table 4), after the organic fertilizer is applied, the volume weight of the soil is effectively reduced, the pH value of the soil is improved to a certain degree, and the organic fertilizer can play roles in adjusting the physical and chemical properties of the soil and fertilizing the soil. The results in tables 5 and 6 show that the application of the carbon-based fertilizer according to the present invention also improves strawberry yield and quality.
Application example 2
Referring to the test method of application example 1, strawberry cultivation soil was fertilized with carbon-based fertilizer prepared from perishable garbage carbide sprayed with different contents of pyroligneous liquor to examine the influence of pyroligneous liquor on nitrogen absorption of strawberries.
After the strawberries are harvested, the data of the influence of the addition of pyroligneous liquid to the carbonized substance of the perishable garbage on the nitrogen absorption of the strawberries are shown in a table 7.
TABLE 7 influence of Perishable garbage carbide addition of pyroligneous on Nitrogen absorption of strawberries
The tests prove that the addition of the wood vinegar is beneficial to increasing the nitrate content of strawberry leaves and improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen of the strawberries.
The method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using the perishable garbage as the raw material and the application of the carbon-based fertilizer in the aspect of the application method are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The carbon-based fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by mixing composite biomass charcoal and organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 15-60%, the composite biomass charcoal is prepared by carbonizing perishable garbage serving as a raw material, and the pH value is 7.5-9.5.
2. The carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer has pH of 6.0-8.0, total nitrogen of 1.7-2.0%, total phosphorus of 1.8-2.5% and organic matter content of 70-80%.
3. The carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic waste in the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer comprises more than three of livestock and poultry manure, straws, mushroom residues and silkworm excrement.
4. The carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic waste in the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer comprises
25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure,
2-10 parts of straw and stalk,
35-45 parts of mushroom residues, namely,
8-12 parts of silkworm excrement.
5. A method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using perishable garbage as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing the composite biomass charcoal: collecting perishable garbage, drying, air sieving, calcining at 400-600 deg.C in a biological carbonization furnace, carbonizing to obtain perishable garbage carbide, collecting pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization, naturally cooling, liquefying, and gas-liquid separating to obtain carbonized derivative-pyroligneous liquor; crushing the perishable garbage carbide to 2-5mm, and spraying wood vinegar;
B. preparing an organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer: mixing the livestock and poultry manure after extrusion dehydration with straws, mushroom residues and silkworm excrement, putting the mixture into a fermentation bin, fermenting for more than 24 hours, controlling the water content of the livestock and poultry manure to be 40-60%, then removing the fermented materials in the fermentation bin out of the fermentation bin, performing secondary composting, and drying to obtain the organic waste aerobic fermented fertilizer;
C. mixing the ingredients: and B, uniformly stirring the composite biomass charcoal prepared in the step A and the organic waste aerobic fermentation fertilizer prepared in the step B to obtain the carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the composite biomass charcoal is 25-60%.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step A, the calcination temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the calcination process adopts inert gas for protection.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step B, the secondary composting time is 25-27 days, and when the temperature of the compost pile reaches above 65 ℃, the pile is turned, and the drying temperature is below 50 ℃.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step B, adding the commercial compound bacteria into the organic waste and then fermenting in a fermentation bin; the commercial compound microbial inoculum comprises one or more than one of bacillus, aspergillus japonicus, penicillium digitatum and aspergillus versicolor.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step A, the dosage of the wood vinegar is 0.05-0.35% of the quality of the perishable garbage carbonized substance.
10. A method of applying the carbon-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
A. base fertilizer application: the method is applied to crops such as strawberries, rice, tea gardens, bamboo forests, vegetables and the like, and 1500-year-old 2000kg/ha comprehensive deep ploughing is applied to the base;
B. topdressing and applying: in the topdressing season, 750-900kg/ha fertilizer is applied according to the requirements of crops by hole application or furrow application in greenhouse, tea garden, orchard, bamboo forest for bamboo shoots and the like.
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| PCT/CN2020/102511 WO2021169152A1 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-07-17 | Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using perishable waste as raw material, and application |
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| WO2021169152A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-02 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using perishable waste as raw material, and application |
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| WO2022241700A1 (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-11-24 | 苏州大学 | Recycling method for silkworm rearing waste |
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| CN117204306A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-12-12 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Equipment for preparing lawn matrix by taking perishable garbage as raw material |
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| WO2021169152A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
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